Objective:To observe the effect of Pihui Sachet on influenza A and B virus.Methods:The Pihui Sachet and mice were put in the same sealed container,four days later,the mice were infected with influenza A and B virus,the survival rate and lung index of the mice were compared.Results:The Pihui Sachet could alleviate the pulmonary disease,decrease the lung index,reduce the death rate,prolong survival days of the mice infected with influenza A and B virus.Conclusion:The Pihui Sachet had antiviral effect on the influenza A and B virus.

BACKGROUND:Insulin-like growth factor 1 is the key factor during cartilage development, which is involved in the growth and reconstruction of condylar cartilage.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on cel apoptosis and the apopotosis-associated factors of Bcl-2, Bax mRNA and protein expressions of rat condylar chondrocytes.
METHODS:The 1-day-old and 28-day-old rat condylar chondrocytes were cultured and identified in vitro. The condylar chondrocytes with different ages were divided into experimental group and control group. After being starved for 24 hours, chondrocytes in the experimental group were incubated with 100μg/L recombined rat insulin-like growth factor 1 for 48 hours, while the chondrocytes in the control group were incubated normal y. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, after being incubated with recombined
insulin-like growth factor 1, the number of condylar chondrocytes was increased with high speed proliferation (P<0.05). Real-time RCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were increased after added with recombined rat insulin-like growth factor 1, while the expression levels of Bax and protein were decreased (P<0.05). The results indicate that insulin-like growth factor 1 can promote the
proliferation and reduce cel apoptosis of newborn and adolescent rat condylar chondrocytes, which may be mediated by Bcl-2 and Bax.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mel itus is one of the most common systemic diseases, which often leads to the changes of the jaw and other bone structure, as wel as the abnormal changes of mineral metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To observe the three-dimensional structure and histopathological changes of the mandible in type 1 diabetes mel itus mice. METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into control group and diabetes mel itus group. The diabetes mel itus group received intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin for 5 days to establish a type 1 diabetes mel itus model, and the control group received intraperitoneal injection of citrate buffer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3 weeks after modeling, the micro-CT technique was used to observe the three-dimensional structure of the mandibles in the two groups. The quantitative analysis on the microstructure of cancel ous bone and cortical bone showed that the bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, trabecular number and trabecular thickness of cancel ous bone in the interest region in the mandible of type 1 diabetes mel itus mice were significantly decreased when compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while the structure model index was increased significantly (P < 0.05); the mineral density and area of cortical bone were decreased in the diabetes mel itus group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the number and volume of mandibular trabeculae of type 1 diabetes mel itus mice were decreased. The results suggest that the three-dimensional structure of the cancel ous bone and cortical bone in the streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mel itus mice are changed significantly, and the microstructure change of the cancel ous bone is more obvious.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The number of apoptotic cels in rat condylar cartilage and subcondylar region: the sham operation group < the treatment group < the model group (alP< 0.05). (2)Expression of Bcl-2: The trend of the model group was lower than that in the sham operation group, although there was no statisticaly significant difference between the two groups; Bcl-2 expression in the treatment group was statisticaly higher compared to the model group (P< 0.05).(3)Expression of Bax and Caspase-3: The expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 were higher in the model group than in the sham operation group (alP< 0.05), while Bax and Caspase-3 expression was lower in the treatment group than that in the model group (alP< 0.05). The results suggested that bisphophonates can regulate apoptosis in condylar cartilage from osteoporosis rats by changing the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3.

[Summary] A 61-year-old female patient was diagnosed as ACTH independent Cushing′ syndrome, right adrenal adenoma, right facial infection. The situation was well controlled with antibacterial agents, abscess incision drainage and ketoconazole therapy. The patient received partial adrenolectomy of her right adrenal gland 16 months later. This case indicated that anti-adrenal agents could be a reasonable choice when the Cushing′syndrome patients were acompanied with severe infection.

Objective To examine the distribution and expression of dentin matrix protein1 ( DMP1 ) in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone of osteoporosis rats. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 6 months (n=30)wererandomlydividedinto3groups. TheShamgroupunderwentshamoperationonly(n=10),theOVX group ( n = 10 ) received a bilateral ovariectomy first and then saline solution treatment subcutaneously for 3 months. The RIS group ( n=10 ) also received a bilateral ovariectomy and then with risedronate treatment ( 2. 4μg/kg) subcutaneously for 3 months. Three months after the operation, the animals were sacrificed. Toluidine blue staining showed the structure changes of rat condylar cartilage region. The changes of osteoclasts in the bony subcondylar region were evaluated by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP) staining. The expression of DMP1 was analyzed immunohistochemically and then performed by semi-quantitative imaging analyses. Results Toluidine blue staining showed a thickened hypertrophic layers of condylar cartilage in RIS group. The results of TRAP staining indicated that the number of osteoclasts was significantly greater in OVX group than RIS group (P<0. 05). Immunohistochemistry showed that DMP1 localized mainly in the chondrogenic layers and osteocytes, bony subcondylar region in three groups. The expression levels of DMP1 proteins statistically decreased in OVX group than the other two groups(both P<0. 05). Conclusion Bisphophonates may reduce the the number of osteoclasts in the condyle from osteoporosis rats, with increasing of the expression of DMP1, which may influences condylar cartilage biomineralization.

Objective To study the feasibility of reducing radiation dose in aorto-iliac and lower extremity arteries CT angiography (CTA) with low tube voltage (100 kV) and automatic tube current modulation(ATCM).Methods Totally 61 patients requiting aorto-iliac and lower extremity arteries CTA for clinical reasons were prospectively enrolled in study.The patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups:Group A(120 kV),Group B (100 kV) and Group C (100 kV with automatic tube current modulation).Both quantitative and qualitative analysis were included in this research.Group C was divided into obese group(BMI≥ 24.9 kg/m2) and normal group(BMI ＜ 24.9 kg/m2).The radiation doses were analyzed respectively among two groups.Results The subjective evaluations of image quality for axial,MIP and VR were good.There were no significant differences among group A,B and C in SNR and CNR (P ＞0.05).The effective dose of group A,B and C was 8.20 mSv,5.36 mSv,and was 7.48 mSv,respectively Group B was 34.6％ less than group A.Group C was 39.5％ more than group B,and there was no significant differences between group A and C (P ＞ 0.05).The effective dose of group C1 was 7.11mSv,group C2 was 9.69 mSv,the E with group C1 were significantly less than group C2 (t =-3.163,P ＜0.05),the effective dose of group C1 was 13.3％ less than group A (Z =-2.822,P ＜ 0.05),but the group C2 was more than group A (P ＞ 0.05) and group B (Z =-3.426,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Lowkilovoltage (100 kV) CT scanning protocol is feasible in multi-detector CT angiography for aortoiliac and lower extremity arteries.Automatic low tube voltage (100 kV) with automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) scanning protocol can be used for someone with BMI less than 24.9 kg/m2.

Objective To assess the causes of sildenafil failure and the feasibility of successfully rechallenging non-responding patients. Methods A total of 126 consecutive erectile dysfunction (ED) patients from Jan 2009 to Dec 2009 who claimed poor response to sildenafil (sildenafil 100 mg on demand, at lease 4 epiodes) were enrolled into the study. All patients received sexual reeducation and were treated with sildenafil, taken on a daily dose of 50 mg for 4 weeks. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), Rigiscan, serum testosterone or penile Doppler were used to evaluate ED and the cause of on-demand sildenafil failure. End point efficacy of rechallenging was evaluated using the IIEF-5 and the sexual encounter profile (SEP) 'Were you able to insert your penis into your partner's vagina?' and 'Did your erection last long enough to achieve successful intercourse?'. Results The recruited patients comprised of 41 cases with psychological ED, 39 cases with hypogonadism ED, 28 cases with diabetes mellitus ED and 18 cases with vascular ED. Compared with pretreatment and on-demand sildenafil baseline, daily administration of sildenafil significantly enhanced all efficacy outcome variables. The IIEF-5 was significantly improved after daily sildenafil (12.3 ± 2.9 vs18. 8±4.4, P＜0.01), 78 patients responded to daily sildenafil. The overall salvage rate was 61.9%(78/126). Conclusions Sexual reeducation and daily administration of sildenafil may be able to salvage many patients with ED who were sildenafil non-responders.

Objective To estabalish a new conception, Erectile Dysfunction-no sexual life (ED-NS), so as create an evaluating questionnaire, Self-estimation Index of erectile function-No sexual life (SIEF-NS) so as to investigate its clinical reliability. Methods The conception of ED-NS was identified and the SIEF-NS questionnaire was established. Patients who complained of ED-NS and normal controls were enrolled into the research and assessed the erectile function was assessed with SIEF-NS.The SIEF-NS includes 12 questions, such as sexual libido, general erectile function, nocturnal penile erection, erectile function during foreplay, erectile function during audio-video sexual stimulation,confidence, depression, etc and each question has 5 point scales. Results Sixty-one ED-NS patients and 57 controls were enrolled into the study and assessed erectile function with SIEF-NS. The mean score of each question and integral score of SIEF-NS in ED-NS patients were significantly different from normal controls (P＜0. 05). When the integral score was 35 points according to the ROC curve of integral score, the sensitivity of SIEF-NS was 88.5% and specificity was 96. 5%. Conclusions ED-NS is a new conception to define patients who have erectile dysfunction without sexual life. SIEFNS is suggested to be a useful method for the evaluation of ED-NS patients.

Objective To evaluate the value of echocardiography in transcatheter closure of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm(TC-RSVA).Methods TC-RSVA was attempted in 11 patients.The location,shape,size of defects and its relationship with the neighbor structures were revealed before the procedure.Then the deployment of occluder was monitored during the procedure,and the effectiveness was observed in the follow-up.Results Eleven patients were diagnosed as the isolated RSVA by echocardiography.The size of defects was 2 - 13 mm estimated by echo.The procedures were successful in all patients.Usually the Amplatzer duct occluders were chosen to be 1 to 5 mm larger than the size of defects.Three patients had mild residual shunt during the procedure,which all dispeared in the first month of follow-up,but one of them demonstrated recurrent mild residual shunt in the 32nd month of follow-up.There was no aggravating aortic regurgitation in the follow-up.Conclusions TC-RSVA is relatively safe and effective.Observation of long-term effectiveness is still necessary.Echocardiagraphy plays an important role in TC-RSVA.