Objective To prepare complex material—hydroxyapatite/silicone rubber (HA/SR) used in filling parenchyma and to measure and analyse its mechanical properties, looking for proper proportion of material. Methods The complex material was mixed based on different proportion (the HA/SR mass ratio of 23%, 33.3% and 41%), and its respective properties were tested according to national standard and performed statistical analysis. Results With the increasing proportion of hydroxyapatite in complex material, the rigidity of complex material enhanced gradually, but the mechanical property decreased. Conclusion If the HA/SR mass ratio was 23% to 33.3%, the mechanical properties of complex material are equal to that of pure SR. If the HA/SR mass ratio was over 41%, the mechanical properties of complex material decrease so that the complex material can not be used in filling.

Objective To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) in the angiogenesis of condyloma acuminatum (CA). Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from the lesions of 30 patients with CA and foreskin of 15 normal human controls. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immunohistochemical method were utilized to measure the protein and mRNA expressions of VEGF and TGF-α in the specimens. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined by staining with anti-CD34 polyclonal antibodies. Results A statistical elevation was observed in the expression of VEGF and TGF-α mRNA as well as MVD in CA specimens compared with the normal control specimens (P < 0.001, 0.001, 0.01). The expressions of VEGF and TGF-α protein were observed in 90% and 86.7% of the CA specimens, and in 40% and 26.7% of the control specimens (both P < 0.01). MVD was positively correlated with the expression of VEGF and TGF-α protein in CA tissues (both P < 0.01). Conclusion The overexpression of VEGF and TGF-α in CA tissue may accelerate angiogenesis in, and participate in the development and progression of, CA.

Objective To investigate the relationship between apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCs) and impaired immunity by assessing the apoptosis and expression of Fas and Bcl-2 in PBLCs of patients with secondary syphilis. Methods Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect PBLC apoptosis as well as Fas and Bcl-2 expression in 33 patients with secondary syphilis and 30 normal controls. Results The Fas expression on PBLCs and CD4+ cells was significantly higher in patients than that in controls (P 0.05). The apoptosis levels were significantly higher in PBLCs and CD4+ cells in patients than those in controls (P 0.05). In patients group, the apoptosis levels of both PBLCs and CD4+ cells had a positive correlation with the Fas expression (r = 0.68, P

Objective To establish standard liver volume formula of healthy Chinese and to explore if there is a correlation between changes of hepatic volume and hepatic functional reserve.Methods Two hundred and eighty healthy volunteers and 85 cirrhotics undergone serial abdominal H-CT scanning. The relation between normal liver volume measured by CT and body surface area(BSA) was studied by linear regression and correlation method, the standard liver volume formula was deduced. For cirrhotic patients, the change rate of liver volume was calculated and was compared with their Child class and postoperative complications.Results The mean normal hepatic volume for Chinese adults was (1?250?141)?cm 3. There is a positive correlation between estimated liver volume in vivo and body surface area[r=0.96, LV(cm 3)=613?BSA(cm 3)+162.8]. The mean liver volume (SD) for Child class A cirrhotics was (1?092?276)?cm 3, (868?163)?cm 3 for class B, and (652?76)?cm 3 for class C. Differences were observed among the three classes (P

Objective To observe the effects of substance P (SP), NK1 receptor antagonist and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) by immortalized human keratinocyte line HaCaT. Methods The NO level in supernatant of cultured HaCaT cells was measured by nitrate reductase assay after treatment with different concentrations (10-9 to 10-6 mol/L) of SP, or the combination of SP (10-8 mol/L) and spantide (3×10-7 mol/L), aminoguanidine (10-7 mol/L), 7-nitroindazole (10-6 mol/L) or L-NAME (10-5 mol/L) for various durations. Reverse transcription-PCR was performed to measure the expression of iNOS mRNA in HaCaT cells incubated with SP of 10-8 mol/L for 1, 24 and 48 hours. Results The SP of 10-9 to 10-6 mol/L significantly induced the production of NO by HaCaT cells, and the highest level of NO was observed in HaCaT cells treated with SP of 10-8 mol/L. The synthesis of NO by HaCaT cells induced by SP was inhibited by Spantide of 3 × 10~7 mol/L at all time points (30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours, all P< 0.01), by L-NAME of 10-5 mol/L at 3 time points (30 minutes, 1, 24 hours) and by 7-nitroin-dazole of 10-6 mol/L at 2 time points (30 minutes, 1 hour, both P< 0.05), but not by aminoguanidine of 10-7 mol/L at any time point (all P > 0.05). After treatment with SP of 10-8 mol/L, the relative mRNA expression of iNOS was 0.199 ± 0.018 and 0.516 ± 0.030 at 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and there was a statistical difference between the two time points (P < 0.01). Conclusions SP can reinforce the secretion of NO by HaCaT cells via NK1 receptor activation, but iNOS is unlikely to be the primary origin of NO secreted by HaCaT cells induced by SP.

The origin of precision medicine was discussed in this article,as well as its advantages and deficiencies at this stage.Tangshen formula was taken as an example to explain a rational and ideal mode of traditional Chinese medical (TCM) precision medicine research under the guidance of TCM theory.In view of the two major problems existing in the TCM modernization research,including the separated strategy among formula-disease-syndrome and independent research approach using genomics,proteomics and metabonomics,critical scientific issues on developing the drug system to biological system research mode and solutions for integrating formula-disease-syndrome were proposed here,and the roadmap and total framework of top design were also provided.The specific methods and the corresponding research results on Tangshen formula at the three stages concluded as formula-disease related,disease-syndrome combinated and formula-disease-syndrome integrated were introduced and summarized.At this time for the innovative breakthrough development of TCM,precision medicine will promote the TCM modernization research,and also will provide a powerful driving force for the establishment of holistic systems medicine.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of preventive analgesia in patients with radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods The clinical data of 161 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at the Xijing Hospital from July 2012 to June 2013 were prospectively analyzed.A single-blind,randomized,controlled study was performed in the eligibe patients who were randomly divided into the preventive analgesia group and the control group based on a random number table.All the patients received major gastrectomy + Billroth Ⅱ anastomy or total gastrectomy + esophagojejunastomy,and then they received vein combined anesthesia and tracheal intubation.In the preventive analgesia group,10 mg dexamethasone and 200 mg parecoxib were administered by intravenous infusion before operation,7-8 mL ropivacaine (0.5％) were injected at the incisional site and transversus abdominis infiltration at open and close surgery and celecoxib was taken orally for 3 days.In the control group,vein analgesia pump was used after operation.The visual analogue scale (VAS),proportion of patients with postoperative out-off-bed activity time ＞ 8 hours,time of flatus,time of defecation and duration of hospital stay were recorded between the 2 groups.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x ± s.The comparison between groups was evaluated with the t test and repeated measures ANOVA.The data with skew distrubution and ordinal data were analyzed by the analysis of variance,and the count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results All the 161 patients who were screened for eligibility were randomly divided into the preventive analgesia group (87 patients) and the control group (74 patients).The scores of the VAS at postoperative day 1,2 and 3 were 2.8 ± 0.6,2.6 ± 0.4 and 1.8 ± 0.4 in the preventive analgesia group,and 5.3 ± 0.5,4.2 ± 0.6 and 2.4 ± 0.3 in the control group,with a significant difference between the 2 groups (F =4.25,P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of patients with postoperative first abmulation time ＞ 8 hours at postoperative day 1,2 and 3 were 8,17 and 20 in the preventive analgesia group,and 0,3 and 11 in the control group,with a significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =7.60,10.26,3.16,P ＜ 0.05).The time of flatus,time of defecation and duration of hospital stay were (51 ± 24) hours,(61 ± 24) hours and (5.5 ± 3.0) days in the preventive analgesia group,compared with (71 ± 23) hours,(83 ± 30) hours and (6.3 ± 2.1) days in the control group,showing a significant difference between the 2 groups (t =5.32,5.04,0.17,P ＜ 0.05).All the patients in the 2 groups normally survived after surgery without respiratory depression,incision infection and adverse drug reaction.Conclusions Preventive analgesia in the perioperative treatment of patients with radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer could relieve the postoperative pain of patients,improve the bowel function and enhance the recovery of patients.Registry This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the registry number of ChiCTRTRC-11001440.

Objective To investigate the influences of imatinib on Survivin gene expression in bcr-abl-transformed leukemia cells.Methods Firstly,PCR and Western blot were carried out to detected Survivin expression with imatinib treatment in 32Dcl3 and 32D-bcr-abl cell lines.Then the luciferase reporter plasmids containing human Survivin promoter as well as its deletion and site-directed mutation were constructed to identify the essential responsive elements for suppressing Survivin promoter activity by imatinib.Chromatin immunoprecipitation was performed to confirm the binding of c-myc to Survivin promoter.10058-F4,a small molecule c-myc inhibitor,was used to disrupt c-myc activity and evaluate its anti-leukemic effect combined with imatinib.Results Both of mRNA and protein level of Survivin in bcr-abl-transformed cells were downregulated upon imatinib treatment.The decrease of Survivin expression was controlled at the transcriptional level through a mechanism in which imatinib repressed survivin promoter activity by disturbing the interaction between c-myc and E-box elements.Interruption of c-myc activity by 10058-F4 exerted an anti-leukemia effect with enhancing the sensibility of K562/G01 cells to imatinib.Conclusion Imatinib down-regulates Survivin expression through c-myc-mediated transcription and interference with c-myc might be a potential utility for treatment of imatinib resistant leukemia.

Major breakthrough and challenge that encountered by modern western medicine were described in this article. Some standpoints about the necessity of innovative revolution for the development of traditional Chinese medicine, together with the key points should be bring to the attention during ideological emancipation have been put forward here. Chinese scientists agreed that it is the most appropriate timing for us to establish a new medicine system, which we named Holistic Systems Medicine (HSM). The concept and research contents of Holistic Systems Medicine were also introduced in this article. Finally, a proposal for setting up“China Holistic Systems Medicine development project” was proposed.

Objective To establish a TaqMan probe-based real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR ( real-time PCR) for the quantitative and rapid detection of viral reservoir in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection and to evaluate its preliminary application. Methods A pair of primers and one TaqMan probe were designed ac-cording to the conserved sequence of SIVmac239 strain for real-time PCR amplification. A length of 2 090 bp of nucleotide fragment was digested from the plasmid p239SpSp5 containing 5′-end long segments of SIV-mac239 strain by restriction enzymes EcoRⅠand SpeⅠ. The standards used for quantitative detection of SIV DNA in peripheral blood samples were prepared by a 10-fold serial dilution and used for graphing the stand-ard curve. The numbers of SIV DNA ( copies per 106 PBMCs) in rhesus monkeys during acute and chronic phases of SIVmac239 infection were determined and the virological characteristics of SIV DNA at different phages of infection were analyzed. Results A linear positive correlation between cycle threshold ( Ct) val-ues and concentrations (10 copies/μl to 109 copies/μl) of the standards was found. High levels of SIV DNA were monitored in SIV-infected monkeys 14 to 22 days after acute infection. The levels of SIV DNA in the acute phase of infection were about 1 to 2 logs higher than those in the chronic phase of infection. The num-bers of SIV DNA ( copies per 106 PBMCs) were 1 log lower than the SIV viral load in peripheral blood of the same monkey. The ratios of SIV DNA load to SIV RNA load ( DNA/RNA) in chronic phase of infection were higher than those in the acute phase. Conclusion The established TaqMan probe-based real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was a highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of SIV DNA with an advantage of wide linear range. It could be used for the quantitative evaluation of latent reservoirs of SIV.