Objective To evaluate the effects of different dialysis treatment on femoral artery elasticity in uremia patients by Echo-tracking technique. Methods 81 cases of uremia patients (42 peritoneal dialysis patients and 39 hemodialysis patients) and 31 cases of normal adults as control were recruited in this study. The Intima-media thickness (IMT), Internal systolic diameter (Ds), Internal diastolic diameter (Dd), Value difference between Dd and Ds (△D), Arterial stiffness (β), Pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep), Arterial compliance (AC), Pulse wave conducting velocity (PWVβ) and Augmentation index(AI) parameters were analyzed for evaluation the right femoral arterial elasticity. Results The parameters ofβ, Ep, PWVβin dialysis patients significantly increased (P<0.05) and their AC significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with normal group. Theβand Ep in hemodialysis patients is higher that those patients not receiving dialysis (P<0.05). Theβand Ep in peritoneal dialysis patients is lower that those patients not receiving dialysis (P<0.05). Theβ, Ep and PWVβin hemodialysis patients are higher than those in peritoneal patients (P<0.05). And AC is lower than control group (P<0.05). In uremia patients, Vascular stiffness was positively correlated with age, duration of dialysis, IMT, pulse pressure, Dd, and negatively correlated with△D(P<0.05). Conclusions Femoral artery endothelial function in uremia patients was damaged earlier than morphological changes. Vascular intimal injury resulting from hemodialysis is more serious, and vascular elasticity decrease is correlated with age, dialysis duration and pulse pressure. Echo-tracking technique could provide quantification evidences for early diagnosis of the femoral artery endothelial dysfunction in uremia patients. The echo-tracking technique has certain significance in early intervention and improvement the prognosis, however, the influence factor of the accuracy of measurement should be consider during the procedure.

AimTo study the effects of aspirin (Asp) and verapamil(Ver)alone or in combination on mesenteric microcirculation of rats. MethodsAcute microcirculation disturbance(AMD) was produced by highmolecular weight dextran(Mr 480, 000) 360 mg· kg-1 iv. Arteriol and venul blood flow velocity and diameter (ABFV, VBFV, AD, VD) and blood flow state(BFS) were observed by intravital microcirculation method. Results Asp 2.5, 5 mg · kg-i, Ver 0.3, 0.6 mg · kg-1,Asp+ Ver(1 + 0.15), (2. 5+ 0. 3) mg· kg-1 iv significant increase ABFV by 11.1%, 31.3%, 18.7%,19.5%, 26.5%, 37.3%, VBFV by 12.5%, 5.7%, 2.5%, 3.7%, 30%, 34.7%,AD by 4.3%, 17.9%, 31.5%, 35%, 20%, 38.1% and VDby 2.2%,4.2%, 25%, 31.5%,5.8%,23.5%espectively, and got a raise in the number of capillaries and a marked improvement of BFS. Asp + Ver(1+0.15, 2.5+0.3) mg · kg-1 iv could reverse AMD. Conclusion Asp is superior to Ver in the increase of BFV, but Ver is superior to Asp in expansion of blood vessel. Asp in combination with Ver produces marked synergistic action and protection againist AMD.

Objective: Our purpose was to study whether exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) could enter liver cell or not. Methods: Using continuous hypothermic machine perfusion model of rat liver, we used autoradiography in this experiment. Results: The light microscope pictures of group A(no ［α-32P］ ATP in the perfusate) showed that there was no specially labeled silver pellet in or out of rat liver cell. But the light microscope pictures of group B (37 MBq ［α- 32P］ATP in the perfusate) showed that distribution of numerous ［α-32P］ATP autoradiographic silver pellets in rat liver cell, and no autoradiographic silver pellet was found in the hepatic sinus and vessel. Conclusion: Exogenous ATP could enter cold storaged rat liver cell.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of transpedicular graft of biological artificial material (BAM) -induced artificial bone and posterior pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures.Methods A total of 72 patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures treated by transpedicular reduction by leverage,BMA-induced artificial bone grafting and posterior pedicle screw fixation from 2005 to 2010 were reviewed and followed up.The frontal and lateral X-ray radiograph of the spine was performed before and after operation and during the follow-up.The anterior and posterior height of the injured vertebrae,thoracolumbar kyphotic angle ( Cobb' s angle),ratio of anterior to posterior vertebral height were determined.Also,the America Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale was used to evaluate the neurological recovery and the visual analog scale (VAS) was applied to assess the back and waist pain.Results All patients were followed up for a mean period of 18.3 months,ranging from 12 to 28 months.Meanwhile,all the patients obtained bone union,with no rejection of artificial bone graft,breakage or loosening of screws,or obvious loss of both vertebrae height and deformity correction angle.Notable improvement of neurological function was achieved in all patients except for two patients with Frankel A nerve injury.The VAS score descended from pre-operative ( 8.4 ± 2.5 ) points to (2.2 ± 1.6 ) points at latest follow-up,which showed obvious alleviation of back and waist pain.Conclusions Transpedicular bone graft plus internal fixation is an effective,reasonable and easy method for managing osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures.In addition,the implanted BAM-induced artificial bone is of good biological and mechanical properties.

[Abstract ] Objective The pathogenesis underlying cognitive dysfunction has yet to be fully elucidated.The article was to investigate the effects of memantine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in C57BL/6J mice. Methods 36 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group (C group), lipopolysaccharide group (L group) and memantine group (M group) (n=12).Mice in C, L and M groups were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline, LPS and LPS plus memantine re-spectively for 7 consecutive days.On the 8th day, mice were tested in the Morris water maze, in which the latency to the platform and the propor-tion of time spent in the target quadrant were recorded .Then the mice were sacrificed and the hippocampi were harvested for the determination of expression levels of Amyloid-β(Aβ), glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Results Com-pared with C group, L group significantly prolongated the latency to the platform (71.01 ±13.21 vs 50.56 ±9.89, P<0.05), decreased the propor-tion of time spent in the target quadrant (42.58 ±7.85 vs 63.74 ±12.43, P<0.05) and increased the levels of hippocampal Aβand GSK-3β(1.75 ±0.43 vs 1.27 ±0.23, 184.0 ±18.6 vs 100.0 ±12.1, P<0.05), (75.0 ±13.5 vs 100.0 ±10.3, P<0.05), while mTOR levels decreased significantly (97.0 ±14.3 vs 75.0 ±13.5, P<0.05).Compared with L group, M group significantly prolongated the latency to the platform (61.45 ±7.65 vs 71.01 ±13.21, P<0.05), decreased the proportion of time spent in the target quadrant shortened (58.25 ±9.02 vs 42.58 ±7.85, P<0.05) and increased the expression of hippocampal Aβ(1.35 ±0.28 vs 1.75 ±0.43,92.4 ±10.8 vs 184.0 ±18.6, P <0.05). Conclusion Memantine contributes to the improvement of LPS-induced spatial learning and memory impairment, which is probably related to the changes of the expression of GSK-3βand mTOR in hippocampus.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of bronchoalveolar lavage with fiberoptic bronchoscopy combined with vibration sputum drainage in the treatment of severe pneumonia patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV).Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. 286 severe pneumonia patients undergoing MV admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) of Hunan People's Hospital from January 2014 to July 2016 were enrolled, and they were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table, with 143 patients in each group. Patients in both groups received sensitive antibiotics for anti-infection, etiological treatment, and calefacient and humidifying treatment. The patients in the control group received bronchoalveolar lavage with fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and those in the observation group received bronchoalveolar lavage combined with vibration sputum drainage. The parameters of respiratory function and inflammation before and after treatment, curative effect, and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results ① There were no significant differences in respiratory function parameters between the two groups before treatment, 2 hours after treatment, the parameters were improved in both groups. Moreover, oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) in observation group was significantly higher than that of control group [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 379.1±20.2 vs. 351.8±24.7], and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and airway resistance (Raw) were significantly lower than those of the control group[PaCO2 (mmHg): 36.5±5.8 vs. 45.3±6.9, Raw (cmH2O, 1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa): 12.9±0.6 vs. 13.1±0.8, allP < 0.01]. ② There were no significant differences in inflammation parameters between the two groups before treatment, 24 hours after intervention, which were significantly decreased in both groups. Moreover, white blood cell count (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group [WBC (×109/L): 8.2±1.7 vs. 12.8±3.7, PCT (μg/L): 15.4±2.4 vs. 21.8±3.1, CRP (mg/L): 37.1±6.1 vs. 67.2±7.2, allP < 0.01]. ③ Compared with the control group, the treatment efficiency of observation group was improved [95.1% (136/143) vs. 87.4% (125/143)], the quantity of sputum excretion was increased (mL: 49.2±12.5 vs. 36.9±11.0), duration of MV and length of ICU stay were significantly shortened (days: 6.4±3.6 vs. 9.4±2.1, 8.6±5.7 vs. 12.4±4.6, bothP < 0.01), however, there was no significantly statistical difference in 28-day mortality between control group and observation group [2.8% (4/143) vs. 2.1% (3/143),P > 0.05].Conclusion Compared with bronchoalveolar lavage with fiberoptic bronchoscopy alone, the treatment of bronchoalveolar lavage combined with vibration sputum drainage is more effective in sputum excretion for severe pneumonia patients undergoing MV, which could improve the respiratory function, reduce infection, shorten the duration of MV and the length of ICU stay, and improve the recovery.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effects of biological artificial material (BAM)induced artificial bone in the repair of lower extremity bone defects. MethodsThe study involved 32 patients with lower extremity bone defects treated by BAM artificial bone grafting from January 2008 to December 2010.Their age was at a range of 21-77 years (mean,32.5 years).The volume of bone defects was 1.0 cm × 2.0 cm × 2.5 cm-3.0 cm × 3.5 cm × 5.0 cm ( mean,15.4 cm3 ).The main causes of bone defects were comminuted fracture,bone cyst,fibrous dysplasia,and chronic osteomyelitis.A followup was performed immediately after the surgery and at 1,2,3,5,7,9,12,18 months after surgery to observe the systemic and local reactions,changes of blood calcium/phosphorus,repair of bone defect and restoration of function of the affected extremity.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 9-18 months (mean,10.5 months).There were no local or systemic grafts rejection from the postoperative period to the last follow-up.Follow-up X-ray films showed fuzzy boundary of BAM artificial bone implantation area and bone tissues around bone defects three months postoperatively and new bone formation. Apparent bone ingrowth into the BAM artificial bone implantation area,integrated artificial bone materials and bone tissues,and basically repaired bone defects were founded six months postoperaively.The time for full weight-bearing of the affected extremity was on postoperative 2.5-4 months ( mean,3.2 months).ConclusionBAM artificial bone is characterized by good biocompatibility,osteogenesis effect and a certain stiffness and strength of inner structure and can he used to repair the lower extremity bone defects.

Background The operation mode of automobile manufacturing industry (AMI) makes workers have different degrees of occupational stress and burnout, which may lead to negative emotions and depressive symptoms. Objective To study the relationship between occupational stress, job burnout, and depressive symptoms in AMI workers. Methods In this study, 1300 workers from a Guangzhou AMI company were selected as subjects by cluster random sampling method. Occupational stress, job burnout, and depressive symptoms of the workers were assessed by using the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory general survey questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, respectively. Hierarchical regression was used to analyze the effects of occupational stress and job burnout on depressive symptoms in AMI workers. Mediating effect model was used to analyze the mediating effect of job burnout on the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Results There were 1300 questionnaires distributed, 1228 valid questionnaires collected, with a 94.5% recovery rate. The ERI ratio of 1228 AMI workers was 1.06±0.72, and the positive rate of occupational stress was 37.3% (458/1228). The score of job burnout was 2.18±1.37, and the positive rate of job burnout was 62.6% (769/1228). The score of depressive symptoms was 10.27±6.42, and the positive rate of depressive symptoms was 47.1% (578/1228). The dimensional scores of effort and over-commitment in occupational stress as well as emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in job burnout of AMI workers were positively correlated with the depressive symptom scores (r_s=0.415, 0.571, 0.573, 0.593, P＜0.05). The dimensional scores of reward and personal achievement were negatively correlated (r_s=−0.454, −0.339, P＜0.05). The percentages of variance in depressive symptoms score explained by occupational stress and job burnout were 26.7% and 16.6%, respectively. Job burnout had a partial mediating effect between the three dimensions of occupational stress and depressive symptoms, and the mediating effect values were −0.2832 (95%CI: −0.3250– −0.2434), 0.3553 (95%CI: 0.3071–0.4041), and 0.4193 (95%CI: 0.3681–0.4725), respectively. Conclusion AMI workers' occupational stress affects job burnout, but also indirectly affects depressive symptoms. Job burnout partially mediates the association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Reducing occupational stress and burnout levels of AMI workers may alleviate depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the application of risk grading and classification for occupational hazards in risk management for a shipbuilding project.

METHODSThe risk management for this shipbuilding project was performed by a comprehensive application of MES evaluation, quality assessment of occupational health management, and risk grading and classification for occupational hazards, through the methods of occupational health survey, occupational health testing, and occupational health examinations.

RESULTSThe results of MES evaluation showed that the risk of occupational hazards in this project was grade 3, which was considered as significant risk; Q value calculated by quality assessment of occupational health management was 0.52, which was considered to be unqualified; the comprehensive evaluation with these two methods showed that the integrated risk rating for this shipbuilding project was class D, and follow- up and rectification were needed with a focus on the improvement in health management.

CONCLUSIONThe application of MES evaluation and quality assessment of occupational health management in risk management for occupational hazards can achieve objective and reasonable conclusions and has good applicability.

OBJECTIVETo explore the application of the gray series model GM (1, 1) in predicting trends in the incidence of pneumoconiosis and evaluate its degree of predicted precision.

METHODSAnalyzing the incidence of pneumoconiosis in this region from 2009 to 2013, and predicting the incidence of pneumoconiosis of the area in 2014-2016 by establishing GM (1, 1) according to the gray system theory.

RESULTSUsing occupational pneumoconiosis population data from 2009 to 2013, to establish GM (1, 1) model: yt = 1396.89e(0.12(t-1)), α = -0.12, µ = 147.2. The pneumoconiosis in 2014, 2015, 2016 were predicted respectively 51, 47, 43 cases based on the GM (1, 1) model, and C value of model is 0.15, P value is 1, all of them meet the requirements of model predictions. It shows the cases of pneumoconiosis are rising significantly.

CONCLUSIONGM (1, 1) model can be used to predict the recent trend in the incidence of pneumoconiosis.