BACKGROUND:Cardiopulmonary exercise test plays a significant role in the evaluation of cardiopulmonary function, but it is limited by expensive equipments and professional personnel, and moreover, the subjects need to bear the maximal exercise intensity. As a result, it is extremely urgent to find a submaximal exercise test characterized by simple operation, low cost and easy to be popularized and used. OBJECTIVE:To compare the maximal oxygen uptake in cardiopulmonary exercise test and 6-minute stair climbing and descending test. METHODS:Sixty-seven volunteers were recruited to undergo the cardiopulmonary exercise test using the Bruce protocol, and then, the maximal oxygen uptake was detected. After that, al the participants were subjected to 6-minute stair climbing and descending test, folowed by determination of the maximal oxygen uptake. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The maximal oxygen uptake in the cardiopulmonary exercise test was significantly higher than that in the 6-minute stair climbing and descending test (P < 0.01), and there was a highly positive correlation and consistency between the maximal oxygen uptakes in the two tests (r=0.911,P < 0.01). Therefore, 6-minute stair climbing and descending test can be used to detect the maximal oxygen uptake, which may become an effective method for evaluating cardiopulmonary function.

Objective To explore the level of the oxidative stress and the DNA oxidative damage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pulmonary embolism (PE) patients after remission and in acute exacerbation.Methods The PBMCs DNA damage in 35 PE patients (test group) after remission and in acute exacerbation respectively and in 33 healthy persons (control group) was detected by single-cell gel electrophoresissingle (Comet assay).The total antioxidative capacity (TAC) in blood plasma was measured by phenanthroline colorimetric analysis.The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood plasma was measured by thiobarbituricacid colorimetric analysis.The capacity of glutathion peroxidase (GSH-PX) in blood plasma was measured by the method of improved Hafeman direct determination method (DNTB).Results The level of TAC,GSH-PX in test group after remission were significantly higher than those in acute exacerbation[(6.86 ± 1.21) kU/L vs.(5.18 ± 1.13) kU/L,(165.25 ± 41.96) kU/L vs.(137.23 ± 38.52) kU/L] (P ＜0.01),and they were all significantly lower than those in control group [(7.85 ± 1.44),(189.92 ± 51.32) kU/L] (P ＜ 0.01).The level of MDA in test group after remission was significantly lower than that in acute exacerbation [(5.58 ± 1.89) μmol/L vs.(7.26 ± 2.25) μmol/L] (P ＜ 0.01),and they were significantly higher than that in control group [(3.71 ± 1.52) μmol/L] (P ＜ 0.01).The arbitrary units (AU) of PBMCs DNA damage in PE patients after remission (29.01 ± 6.75) was significantly lower than that in acute exacerbation (42.13 ± 8.01),and they were all significantly higher than that in control group (15.12 ± 4.36),there were significant differences (P＜ 0.01).There were negative correlations between the PBMCs DNA damage and the level of TAC in PE patients after remission and in acute exacerbation (r =-0.695,P ＜ 0.01 ;r =-0.536,P ＜ 0.01).There were positive correlations between the PBMCs DNA damage and the contents of MDA in PE patients after remission and in acute exacerbation (r =0.513,P ＜ 0.01 ;r =0.628,P ＜ 0.01).There were negative correlations between the level of TAC and the contents of MDA in PE after remission and in acute exacerbation respectively (r =-0.534,P ＜ 0.01 ;r =-0.486,P ＜ 0.05).There were positive correlation between the level of TAC and GSH-PX in PE patients after remission and in acute exacerbation (r =0.512,P ＜ 0.01 ;r =0.497,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions There are oxidation/antioxidation imbalance,oxidative stress and the PBMCs DNA damage in PE patients.There is positive correlation between the PBMCs DNA damage and the oxidative stress.After remission,the level of the oxidative stress and the PBMCs DNA oxidative damage in the same PE patients is improved respectively.

Objective To evaluate the performance of community health institutions of Pudong new district.Methods According to the criteria of the Ministry of Health of China,the performance evaluation system appropriate for local area was developed.A cross-sectional survey was conducted at 44 community health centers,and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics,correlation coefficients and multi-factor linear regression.Results The average score of total performance of these 44 community health centers was 78.53.The average scoring rate for institution management,public health service,basic medical care service,CTM service,and comprehensive satisfaction was 68.49％,89.09％,63.51％,87.80％,76.32％,respectively.Degree of informationization (0.477),regional location (0.331) and participating in medical consortia(-0.309)had significant impact on the total performance.Degree of informationization(0.302)and pilots for family doctors(0.301)had significant impact on the basic medical service performance.Conclusion There is a tremendous room for performance improvement for community health institutions in Pudong.Regional location and degree of informationization were the most crucial factors affecting the performance,irrelevant to institutional sizes.Proposals were raised for strengthening the construction of informationization,expanding pilots for family doctors,perfecting the mechanism of medical consortia.

Objective:To formulate the norm value of auditory verbal learning test(AVLT)in the normal aged in Chinese community.Methods:360 normal old people(55 to 85 years)in city proper of Shanghai were enrolled and evaluated by AVLT,MMSE test of words reading ability and executive ablity,memory self-evaluation and medical history related to cognitive impairment.Results:70% of the normal old people complained of hypomnesia;The age of 70 and 80 was the hinge points of auditory verbal memory decreasing.AVLT had a moderate relation to age,and a lower relation to educational level.Female did better in AVLT than Male.Furthermore,AVLT had a significant relation to MMSE score,a mild relation to memory self-evaluation,and only related to hypertension of all the medical history.The cut off score of short-term recall,long delayed term recall and total AVLT score(-1SD,-1.5SD and-2SD)was listed.Conclusion:Norm value of AVLT is an effective tool of testing memory impairment.

Objective To observe the effects of permanent magnetic fields with different magnetic inductions on oxidative damage to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) under normal and hypoxic conditions. Methods HBMECs were cultured in vitro under normal and hypoxic conditions,then divided into a control group and groups receiving magnetic induction at 8.1,16.5,20.3,26.0,27.3,62.5,110.7 and 215.6 mT.Changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in each group were measured 72 h after exposure to the magnetic fields. Results Under normal conditions the SOD activities of the magnetic groups were not significantly different from that of the control group. Only the MDA content of the 215.6 mT group was statistically different (slightly higher) than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Under hypoxic conditions,there was again no statistically significant difference in SOD activity,but the MDA content of the 110.7 mT group was significantly lower. Conclusions Under normal conditions,a 215.6 mT permanent magnetic field has an effect on MDA in HBMECs; under hypoxic conditions a 110.7 mT permanent magnetic field has such an effect.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate whether L-carnitine ( LC) inhibits the eryptosis effect of uremic serum on erythrocytes.METHODS:Erythrocyte suspension (2%) was cultured and divided into 3 groups in vitro: control group ( C group) , uremic serum group ( U group, 30%uremic serum) , and uremic serum+LC group ( L group, 30%uremic serum+200 μmol/L LC) .Erythrocytes were collected at 24 h and 48 h.Eryptosis ( phosphatidylserine expression repre-sents eryptosis) was estimated by flow cytometry with Annexin V staining.The content of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) was also detected.Glutathione ( GSH) was measured by ELISA.RESULTS:Eryptosis in C group was increased as the in-cubating time extended.Eryptosis in U group was higher than that in C group, while that in L group was lower than that in U group.Meanwhile, ROS content was higher and GSH was lower in U group than those in C group.ROS content was low-er and GSH was higher in L group than those in C group.CONCLUSION:LC inhibits uremic serum-induced eryptosis by decreasing ROS and increasing GSH, thus attenuating oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS) in human brain gliomas cell(SHG-44) apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Methods Human glioma cells were passage cultured. Glioma cells were treated by MG-132 with varying concentration(5, 10, 15 and 50 μmol/L) for 24 h. Compared with cells prior to the treatment (control group), cell viability was detected by MTT assay and the expression of ERS associated proteins GRP78 and apoptosis associated proteins Caspsse-12 was examined by PCR and Western-blotting. Results After MG-132 treatment for 24 h, SHG-44 cell viability was decreased significantly (39 %) (P <0.05), and continued to show a significant decline with the increasing concentration of MG-132 (P <0.05). RT-PCR results showed that the expression of ERS associated proteins GRP78 in SHG-44 cells were significantly increased after 5, 10, 15 and 50 μmol/L MG-132 treatment, and the expression of Caspase-12 was significantly increased after 5 μmol/L MG-132 treatment, slightly increased after 10 and 15 μmol/L treatment compared with that after 5 μmol/L treatment and reached the peak after 50 μmol/L treatment. Western-blotting results of GRP78 in SHG-44 cells were same as results of RT-PCR. Conclusion ERS may be involved in the apoptosis of gliomas cells induced by proteasome inhibitor MG-132.

AIM:To study the pharmacokinetics of penciclovir injection in Chinese healthy volunteers.METHODS:10 healthy volunteers were infused a single dose of 10 mg/kg of penciclovir.The concentrations of penciclovir in plasma and urine were determined by HPLC-FLD.Pharmacokinetic parameters were conformed to a non-compartment model analyzed by WinNonLin program.RESULTS:The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows:the ke was(0.37?0.05)/h;the t1/2 was(1.91?0.26)h;the Cmax was(9.8?1.6)mg/L;the AUC0-t was(19.1?2.8)mg?L-1?h;the AUC0-∞ was(19.6?2.9)mg?L-1?h;the Vd was(1.4?0.4)L/kg;the CL was(0.52?0.08)L?h?kg-1.About 70% of penciclovir was excreted into urine within 12 h.CONCLUSION:Penciclovir is widely distributed and rapidly excreted,predominantly by the kidney.

Excessive iron accumulation in the brain occurs in Alzheimer' s disease (AD) with oxidative stress,amyloid deposition,tau phosphorylation,and neuronal cell cycle regulatory failure,leading to apoptosis.Therefore,there is a direct link between iron metabolism and AD pathogenesis. The present review elaborates on high brain iron in etiology of AD and the development of iron-chelating therapy for AD,aiming at preventing or slowing down disease evolution.

Objective To investigate the application value of pancreatic duct guide wire and transpancreatic septotomy with precutting technique in difficult endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.Method258 patients who underwent difficult endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from April 2014 to April 2016 were selected as study subject, 128 patients among them received the technique of pancreatic duct guide wire, the other 130 patients received transpancreatic septotomy with precutting techniques. The success rate, intubation time and incidence of complications were compared between these two methods for cannulation.Result There was no signiifcant difference in preoperative clinical data between the two groups, the success rate did not differ signiifcantly between the two groups (93.75 % vs 93.85 %). Compared with transpancreatic septotomy with precutting techniques group, pancreatic duct guide wire group is less intubation time consuming (5.92 ± 0.69 vs 12.81 ± 3.67) min, the difference was statistically significant (t = -2.27,P < 0.05). 25 patients experienced complications, with 6 cases of acute pancreatitis, 2 cases of biliray tract infection in pancreatic duct guide wire group, and 8 cases of acute pancreatitis, 3 cases of hemorrhage,6 cases of biliray tract infection in transpancreatic septotomy with precutting techniques group. The pancreatic duct guide wire group had a signiifcantly lower incidence of complications (6.25 % vs 13.08 %). the difference was statistically signiifcant (χ2 = 3.27,P < 0.05). The incidence of acute pancreatitis did not differ signiifcantly between the two groups (4.69 % vs 6.15 %).ConclusionsPancreatic duct guide wire and transpancreatic septotomy with precutting techniques both can further improve the success rate of bile duct cannulation with ERCP. The incidence of acute pancreatitis did not differ significantly between two groups. But pancreatic duct guide wire group is less intubation time consuming, and had a significantly lower incidence of complications. Because of the convenience and safety of the pancreatic duct guide wire technique, and the insertion of the pancreatic duct does not increase the risk of postoperative acute pancreatitis. We think that this method is more worthy of Clinical promotion.