Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)exist in and can be isolated from the bone marrow of adult human being and animals and can be induced to differentiate into different cells.They are easy to be isolated,cultivated,and amplified.They are also less immunogenic in the body and can avoid ethical dispute when applied in transplantation.Studies have shown that BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into neural cells under certain conditions in vitro.This article reviewed the recent development in the research on the induction protocols for neural differentiation of BMSCs and the possible mechanisms.

Resting energy expenditure is the main indicator to assess energy consu mpit on of ap tine ts. The ne eryg expenditure of critically ill children can be influenced by many factors.Different ts atse of diseases are followed by different values of resting energy expenditure.Right now,indirect calorimetry is the “golden standard” of measurement of energy metabolism.Indirect calorimetry can be used to accurately grasp energy expenditure of patients.And it is beneficial to optimization of nutrition support,also for individualized nutri-tion therapy.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in preoperative TNM staging of gastric cancer.Methods EUS and abdominal helical computed tomography (HCT) were performed one week before the surgery in 126 gastric cancer patients who would receive surgery to determine the depth of tumor invasion (T),lymph node metastasis (N) and distant metastasis (M) stage and which were also compared with pathologic TNM stage after surgery to evaluate the accuracy of EUS in TNM staging.Pairing x2 test was performed for data analysis.Results Compared with pathologic TNM stage after surgery,the accuracy of EUS in T1,T2,T3 and T4 staging of gastric cancer were 84.6％,14/18,82.0 ％ and 85.7％ respectively.The accuracy of EUSin N0,N1,N2 and N3 staging of gastric cancer were 74.2％,75.0％,57.9％ and 5/17 respectively.The accuracy of HCT in N0,N1,N2 and N3 staging of gastric cancer were 80.6％,75.0％,73.7％ and 12/17 respectively.The accuracy of EUS was similar to HCT in N0 and N1 stage.For N2 and N3 stage,HCT was obviously better than EUS (x2 =4.89,P=0.027; x2 =13.88,P＜0.01).The accuracy of EUS and HCT in M1 stage of gastric cancer were 36.4％ and 95.5％respectively,HCT was better than EUS in M1 determination (x2 =7.90,P=0.001).Conclusions The clinical application value of EUS in the preoperative gastric cancer T staging was high,however the accuracy in determining lymph node metastasis N2 and N3 staging and distant metastasis M staging should be improved.In order to acquire more accurate preoperative TNM stage to guide the treatment selection,the combination with HCT examination is necessary.

OBJECTIVE To explore the suitable hospital infection control measures in health centers of poverty-striken villages,in order to improve the management of hospital infection,decrease hospital infection rate and protect the health of medical staff and patients.METHODS The status quo of hospital infection in health centers of poverty-striken villages,was investigated in 20 small towns health centers with were randomly divided into two groups:test group(n=15)and control group(n=5).The suitable hospital infection control measures were explored from 5 points.The effect of infection control by before-after controlled study of experimental group and randomized controlled study of control group was anal yzed.RESULTS The rate of hospital infection in test group was decreased from 7.60% to 1.98% and at in control group didn't change,the difference was significant.CONCLUSIONS The managements of establishment of the suitable hospital infection control measures in health centers of poverty-striken villages have been put into practice and gained good result.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of enteral nutrition (EN) on patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:96 cases of acute exacerbation of COPD patients admitted to our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were randomly divided into observation group (48 cases) and control group (normal diet,48 cases).The patients in two groups were given anti-infection and other symptomatic treatments equally.The serum protein levels and pulmonary function in the two groups were compared after 2 weeks.Furthermore,antibiotic use durations,hospitalization days and the re-admission rates within 3 months were observed and compared between two groups.Results:The serum albumin and pre-albumin levels,FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the observation group were significantly elevated in comparison with those in the control group.And the antibiotic use durations,hospitalization days and the re-admission rates within 3 months remarkably decreased in the observation group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Enteral nutrition could improve the nutritional status and pulmonary function in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD,shortening the length of hospital stay and the durations of antibiotic use and reducing the rates of re-admission.Enteral nutrition may be worth applying widely in clinical COPD patients in future.

Objective Research has indicated that hydrogen sulfide(H2S) can regulate the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate re-ceptors(NMDARs) in the brain, but its effect on brain resuscitation requires further investigation.The study was to speculate the effect of H2 S on brain resuscitation as well as the underlying mechanism of neuroresuscitation by investigating the effects of hydrogen sulfide and hypo-thermia on the expression of NR2A, NR2B and phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) of NMDARs in the hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia following by reperfusion. Methods 100 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=20):sham operation group, model group, mild hypothermia group, NaHS group, NaHS combined mild hypothermia group.Pulsinelli-Brierley four-ves-sel occlusion method was induced to build the injury rat model by reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia .After 15 minutes'ischemia, im-mediate injection of 14μmol/kg NaHS was performed intraperitoneally on NaHS group and NaHS combined mild hypothermia group , while skin cooling(rectal temperature=32-33℃) was done on mild hypothermia group and NaHS combined mild hypothermia group .6 hours late,r hip-pocampus were extracted from rat heads.Respectively, spectrophotometer was applied to measure the content of H2S, Western blot for the expres-sions of NR2 A,NR2 B and pC-REB, and RTP-CR for mRNA level of brain derived neurotrophic (BDNF). HE staining was also performed on brain tissues 72hours after reperfusion on 4 rats from each group to evaluate the pathological changes of pyramidal neurons in CA1 region. R esul ts The content of H 2 S increased in each of the four groups after ischemia-reperfusion compared with sham operation group ( 15.2 ±2.0 nmol/g) (P<0.05).In comparison to model group (25.2 ±3.5 nmol/g), NaHS group (37.5 ±4.0 nmol/g) and NaHS combined mild hypothermia group (38.7 ±4.4nmol/g ) resulted in significant high content of H2S(P<0.05), while mild hypothermia group(26.5 ±3.5nmol/g ) got a mild increase(P>0.05).The gray values of NR2A and NR2B in each group increased compared with sham operation group(P<0.05), re-sulting in NR2A/NR2B<1 in model group and mild hypothermia group while NR2A/NR2B>1 in NaHS group and NaHS combined mild hy-pothermia group.Compared with the expression of p-CREB(0.55 ±0.06) in model group, there were significant increases in mild hypother-mia group(0.99 ±0.15), NaHS group(1.05 ±0.12), NaHS combined mild hypothermia group(1.02 ±0.15)(P<0.05).Compared with the expression of BNDF mRNA(0.83 ±0.12) in model group, there were significant increases in mild hypothermia group (1.11 ±0.13), NaHS group(1.27 ±0.16), NaHS combined mild hypothermia group(1.35 ±0.16)(P<0.05).In comparison to model group, there were signifi-cant alleviation in the injury of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region in mild hypothermia group, NaHS group, NaHS combined mild hypothermia group, with the best effect in NaHS combined mild hypothermia group . Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide combined mild hypo-thermia can selectively activate synaptic NMDA receptors and trigger the prosurvival CREB signaling pathway to exert brain resuscitation .

Objective:To explore the value of different MRI sequences in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Methods:Using Philips Achieva 1.5T Nova Dual MRI with SENSE～ breast coil, MRI scanning was performed on 21 patients clinically suspected suffering from breast cancer. MRI sequences included T1WI/TSE,T2WI/TSE (turbo spin echo), short TI inversion recovery(STIR),diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scanning THRIVE. MRI findings were compared with histopathological results. Results:The detection rates of breast lesions of the five sequences were 53.85%, 65.38%, 80.77%, 88.46% and 100%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scanning were 100%, 77.78%, and 92.31% respectively, which were better than other sequences in the differential diagnosis of the lesions. Conclusion:Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI scanning could accurately show the numbers of the lesions, describe the morph and size of the lesions and provide more information for the surgeons. DWIBS and STIR could detect the breast lesions more sensitively than T1WI/TSE and T2WI/TSE sequences.

Background:Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis in early stage with early intervention may stabilize disease progression, avoiding or delaying the occurrence of decompensation. Seeking non-invasive serum biomarkers is becoming an important topic in the diagnosis and assessment of liver cirrhosis. Aims:To study the value of serum miR-192 and miR-29a as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Methods:Differentially expressed serum miRNAs between patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy controls were screened through online literature retrieval and then confirmed by real-time PCR. Serum levels of two confirmed miRNAs,miR-192 and miR-29a were analyzed in 120 patients with liver cirrhosis and 76 healthy volunteers by real-time PCR. A mathematical model of combined detection of miR-192 and miR-29a for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was established by binary logistic regression. The diagnostic performance of various non-invasive serum indicators was evaluated by ROC curve analysis. Results:Compared with healthy controls,expression level of serum miR-192 in cirrhotic patients was significantly increased and that of serum miR-29a was significantly reduced(P ﹤ 0. 001). The diagnostic performance of risk score obtained from mathematical model of combined detection of serum miR-192 and miR-29a was superior to that of single miRNA detection or other non-invasive serum indicators,such as APRI,FIB-4 and ARR,the areas under ROC curve of the above mentioned indicators were 0. 968,0. 887,0. 933,0. 796,0. 793,and 0. 571,respectively. Serum levels of miR-192,miR-29a and the risk score of their combined detection were significantly correlated with the stage of liver cirrhosis according to the Child-Pugh classification( P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusions:Serum miR-192,miR-29a and the risk score of their combined detection might be novel non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of liver cirrhosis.

Objective To analysis the modified Gleason scoring system for predicting the prognosis after radical prostatectomy.Methods A total of 242 patients who received radical prostatectomy from April,2006 to October 2011 were recruited.The patients who lost follow-up or had adjuvant radiation or hormonal therapy or had visceral or bone metastasis were excluded,the remaining 168 patients were evaluated in the present study.The patients' age ranged from 53 to 85 years old (mean age 69 years old).The mean PSA level was 13.31ng/ml (ranging from 4.59 to 36.12 ng/ml).According to the traditional Gleason scoring system,there were 50 patients in Gleason ≤ 6 group,86 patients in Gleason 7 group and 32 patients in Gleason≥8 group.Patients were divided in five groups according to the modified Gleason scoring system.There were 50 patients in Gleason ≤6 group,67 in Gleason 3 + 4 group,19 in Gleason 4 + 3 group,15 in Gleason 8 group and 17 in Gleason 9-10 group.The biochemical-free-survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method and the multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate the clinical and pathological variables for the development of biochemical recurrence.ROC curve analysis was used to determine the predicted value for 5-year BCR of modified and traditional Gleason scoring.Results Significant differences were noted between the modified Gleason scoring groups and traditional Gleason scoring groups in PSA value (P =0.005),pathological stage (P =0.002),extraprostatic extension (P =0.003),seminal vesicle invasion (P =0.004),lymph node involvement (P =0.049) and positive surgical margin (P =0.006).With a median follow-up of 68 months(ranging from 7 to 98 months),5-year BFS rates for men with Gleason grade ≤6,3 + 4,4 + 3,8 and 9-10 tumours on RP pathology were 84.0％ (42/50),76.1％ (51/67),57.9％(11/19),40.0％ (9/15),29.4％ (5/17),respectively.On multivariate analysis,the HR value of Gleason 3 + 4 group and Gleason 4 + 3 group were 1.736 and 2.075 (P ＜ 0.05).The area under the curve in modified and traditional Gleason scoring were 0.698 (95％ CI 0.609-0.788) and 0.674 (95％ CI O.584-0.764),respectively.Conclusions The modified Gleason scoring system is related to the prostate cancer grade and its survival rate.Therefore,it can predict prognosis accurately in patients with prostate cancer.It can potential to reduce overtreatment in patients with Gleason 3 +4 prostate cancer.

Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide widely used in food industry. In this study, Nisin A production in Lactococcus lactis ATCC 11454 was improved by overexpression of Nisin A structural gene nisA through introducing a shuttle expression vector pMG36ek-nisA and an integrated vector pDG780-nisA into the host strain. The differences of growth profiles and Nisin A production level between the two obtained genetic engineering strains FMM1/FMM2 and the parent strain were investigated. Our results show that while the growth profile (the growth rate, biomass and pH) of FMM1 was similar to the parent strain, its Nisin A production increased 31%. In contrast, the biomass of FMM2 was notably lower than the parent strain, while its yield of Nisin A enhanced slightly. The transcription level of genes involved in Nisin A biosynthesis in both engineering strains was further detected by RT-PCR. We found that all the 11 Nisin A biosynthetic genes in FMM1 and FMM2 had a higher transcription level than those in the parent strain, and these genes exhibited more significant increasing degree of transcription level in FMM1 which hosted the autonomous replicating nisA gene. These data suggest that expression of nisA may act as a rate-limit factor in Nisin A biosynthesis. In conclusion, this work provides a new method to improve Nisin A production by increasing the transcription level of nisA, paving the way to further large-scale industrial production of Nisin A.
Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors ; Lactococcus lactis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nisin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic