BACKGROUND:Cardiopulmonary exercise test plays a significant role in the evaluation of cardiopulmonary function, but it is limited by expensive equipments and professional personnel, and moreover, the subjects need to bear the maximal exercise intensity. As a result, it is extremely urgent to find a submaximal exercise test characterized by simple operation, low cost and easy to be popularized and used. OBJECTIVE:To compare the maximal oxygen uptake in cardiopulmonary exercise test and 6-minute stair climbing and descending test. METHODS:Sixty-seven volunteers were recruited to undergo the cardiopulmonary exercise test using the Bruce protocol, and then, the maximal oxygen uptake was detected. After that, al the participants were subjected to 6-minute stair climbing and descending test, folowed by determination of the maximal oxygen uptake. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The maximal oxygen uptake in the cardiopulmonary exercise test was significantly higher than that in the 6-minute stair climbing and descending test (P < 0.01), and there was a highly positive correlation and consistency between the maximal oxygen uptakes in the two tests (r=0.911,P < 0.01). Therefore, 6-minute stair climbing and descending test can be used to detect the maximal oxygen uptake, which may become an effective method for evaluating cardiopulmonary function.

0.05). Micro-keyhole craniotomy double-channel tube lavage and drainaging group had a significant lower rehemorrhagia rate and lower mortality.And the short-term effects,the long-term follow-up of patients with pathogenetic in key-hole group was significant better than that in the other groups.there was obvious difference(P

This paper deals with the analysis of the phospholipids and fatty acids in Hippocomnpus kelloggi Jordan et Synder, H. Histrix Kaup, II. trimaculalus Leach, II. kuda Bleeder, II. japonicus Kaup, Solenognathus hardwickii(Gray), Syngnathoides biacufcatus(Bloch) and Tracliyrliamphus serralus (Temminck &. Schlegel).The total phospholipids were extracted with Folch solvent and determined by molybdate blue spec-trophotometric method. The result showed that the contents of total phospholipids in these spccimins were 2. 56-7. 82mg/g.The nine kinds of phospholipid standards of absorbance proportional coefficient were detected in this paper. The phospholipid components were separated and determined by using thin - layer chro-matographic method and Vaskovsky solvent as a specific spray reagent. The quantitative analysis of the distribution of various phospholipids components in these specimen ts were carried out, by using TLC scanning and the corrective method of absorbance proportional coefficient. The resut showed that the Hippocampus contains about five phospholipids: lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingornyelin, phophatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylethanolamine. The phosphatidylserine , phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid were more in Syugnathus than in Hippocampus, But in all these specimens, the main phospholipid components were lysophos- phatidylcholine, sphingornyelin and phosphatidylcholine.Fourteen fatty acid compositions in these specimens were analysed by GC -MS -DS. The result showed that the main fatty acid were hexadecanoic acid, 9 - octadecenoic acid, 8,11- octadeca-dienoic acid and 1,7,10,13,16,19 - docosahexaenoic acid.

Objective To investigate the clinical parameters,risk factors,treatment and clinical outcomes of pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP) in children without human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Methods Retrospective a-nalysis was made for the clinical features,risk factors,treatment and prognoses of the non-HIV infected severe PCP pa-tients hospitalized at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit( PICU) of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pedi-atrics. Results During April of 2010 to April of 2014,there were 10 cases of non-HIV infected severe PCP in PICU of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics. All of the patients had predisposing diseases,in which 3 cases had connective tissue diseases,2 cases had acute leukemia,3 cases had severe pneumonia and 2 cases had con-genital immunodeficiency. The main clinical manifestations of those 10 patients were fever, cough, tachypnea and obvious dyspnea. All patients developed respiratory failure. The median value of Pediatric Critical Illness Score was 79. The median arterial oxygen pressure was 58 mmHg(1 mmHg=0. 133 kPa). The median oxygenation index was 103 mmHg. The median alveolo-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference was 43. 8 mmHg. The median CD4+T-lympho-cytes counts was 169 ×106/L. Eight patients on admission had mixed infection. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurred in all of the patients,and 7 cases of them had multiple organ dysfunctions. All of the patients re-quired ventilation support. The median day for invasive mechanical ventilation days was 11 and the median day for non-invasive ventilation days was 6. The pneumothorax occurred in 5 patients. All patients received trimethoprim-Sulfame-thoxazole as initial therapy and Caspofungin treatment in combination in 7 cases of the patients. Six patients had nosoco-mial infection. The median time of PICU stay was 15. 5 days. Six patients survived and the mortality was 40%(4/10 cases) . Conclusions PCP is a kind of fatal diseases which occurred in patients with immunocompromised conditions and concurrent ARDS or multiple organ dysfunctions. Diagnostic suspicion and mechanical ventilation therapy with lung protective ventilation strategies may improve the clinical outcomes of non-HIV-infected PCP in children.

Objective To develop an electronic infusion alarm system with low cost and high safety and reliability.Methods The system was composed of modules of sensor, control, alarm and DC power supply. The integrated operational amplifier was used to amplify the voltage signals from the cantilever sensor, and NE555 timer controlled the system give out alarm when 10% liquid remained in the bottle.Results The system could alarm when 10% liquid remained in the bottle, and three gears were designed for the common infusion bottles in the market.Conclusion The system is easy to operate and maintain, and thus can be popularized in all hospitals and clinics.

Objective To describe a technique of closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation for the treatment of displaced patellar fractures and evaluate the clinical results. Methods Fifteen cases (nine males and six females with mean age of 35.5 years, ranging from 24 to 65 years) with displaced patellar fractures were treated with closed reduction (or an arthroscopic-assisted reduction) and percutaneous cannulated screw fixation (or Kirschner wire tension band wiring technique) under guidance of fluoroscopy or C-arm X-ray tomography. Controlled passive range of motion exercises started on the first postoperative day. The mean follow-up was 28 months (24-35 months). Results All cases healed successfully with healing time of (1.2?2.2) months and mean Lysholm II score of 86.8 (79-96), except for one patient regained full knee range of motion. Compared with the contralateral side, a mean quadriceps atrophy of 0.8 cm was seen in unilateral cases based on Tandogan measurement. There was no implant failure or postoperative infection. Conclusions The technique of closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation is appropriate for displaced, transverse, longitudinal or oblique patellar fractures and can facilitate early postoperative range of motion exercises and accelerate rehabilitation of the affected knee with few complications and minor incision without disturbing blood supply of the patella. But, this method is not suitable for severely comminuted fractures.

Objective:To formulate the norm value of auditory verbal learning test(AVLT)in the normal aged in Chinese community.Methods:360 normal old people(55 to 85 years)in city proper of Shanghai were enrolled and evaluated by AVLT,MMSE test of words reading ability and executive ablity,memory self-evaluation and medical history related to cognitive impairment.Results:70% of the normal old people complained of hypomnesia;The age of 70 and 80 was the hinge points of auditory verbal memory decreasing.AVLT had a moderate relation to age,and a lower relation to educational level.Female did better in AVLT than Male.Furthermore,AVLT had a significant relation to MMSE score,a mild relation to memory self-evaluation,and only related to hypertension of all the medical history.The cut off score of short-term recall,long delayed term recall and total AVLT score(-1SD,-1.5SD and-2SD)was listed.Conclusion:Norm value of AVLT is an effective tool of testing memory impairment.

AIM: To investigate the effect of 17?-estradiol(E2) on myocardial hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1(ET-1) and the related mechanism.METHODS: Myocardial cells from neonate rats were cultured in vitro and myocardial hypertrophy model was established with ET-1.The effects of 17?-estradiol on myocardial hypertrophy were observed.The role of ERK1/2 in the effects of 17?-estradiol was also detected.RESULTS: Compared with control group,ET-1 increased cell protein content,cell surface area and -Leucine(-Leu) incorporation.Pretreatment with E2 for 24 h could inhibit the increase in cell protein content,cell surface area and -Leu incorporation induced by ET-1.ET-1 significantly stimulated ERK1/2 activity,which was prevented by pretreatment with E2.Tamoxifen,estradiol receptor antagonist,partially inhibited the effect of E2.The ability of ET-1 to stimulate -Leu incorporation was significantly blocked by PD98059,which could enhance the inhibitory effect of E2 on the increase of -Leu incorporation in cardiomyocytes induced by ET-1.CONCLUSION: E2 can inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1.This effect is mediated by estrogen receptor.ERK1/2 signal pathway is closely correlated with the inhibitory effect of E2 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the forms of carbamazepine and its metabolites in the gastric juice,blood and urine samples from a poisoned patient and its metabolic pathways. METHODS The gastric juice,blood and urine samples were obtained from a patient who was rushed to the Hospital of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Diseases to be treated for an overdose of carbamazepine for about six hours. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The metabolites were identified from their mass spectra by comparison with spectra in NIST 98 libraries. The metabolic pathways were inferred by fragmentation regularities of mass spectra and the published data. RESULTS The results showed that only M1 was found in the gastric juice sample. Four metabo?lites,such as iminostilbene(M1),9-methyl-acridine(M2),9-propyl-acridan(M4)and M3,were found in the blood sample and thirteen metabolites,including M1,M2,M4,acridine(M5),acridone(M6), 9,10-dihydro Acridine (M7), 1a,10b-dihydro-6H-dibenz[b,f]oxireno[d]azepine-6-carboxamide (M8),9-acridinemethanol (M9),10,11-dihydrodiol-carbamazepine (M10),2-methyl-acridone (M12),4-methyl-acridone(M13),undetermined M3 and M11,were found in the urine from the poi?soned patient. The forms of carbamazepine metabolites in the gastric juice ,blood and urine were different. Little carbamazepine was found in the urine after metabolism. CONCLUSION Based on the analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and identification of NIST 98 libraries,the metabolites could be identified accurately,which can help analyze the metabolic mechanism and pathways of carbam?azepine.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are important signaling transduction components well conserved in eukaryotes and play essential roles in various physiological, developmental and hormonal responses in plant. In the present study, a MAPK gene, designated as DoMPK4 (GenBank accession No. JX297597), is identified from a rare endangered medicinal orchid species D. officinale using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) methods. The full length cDNA of DoMPK4 is 1 518 bp in length and encoded a 369 aa protein with a molecular weight of 42.42 kD and an isoelectric point of 5.55. DoMPK4 protein contained a serine/threonine protein kinase active site (158-170), a MAP kinase site (71-174), and eight conserved motifs. DoMPK4 had a transmembrane (214-232) but no signal peptide. Multiple sequence alignment showed that DoMPK4 shared high identities (74.9%-80.6%) with MAPK proteins from various plants. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that DoMPK4 belonged to group A of the MAPK evolutionary tree, and is closely related to monocots. Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that DoMPK4 is differentially expressed among the five organs including leaf, stem, root, seed, and protocorm-like body (PLB). The transcription level of DoMPK4 is the highest in the PLBs with 17.65 fold, followed by seeds, roots, and stems with 5.84, 2.28, and 1.64 fold, respectively. The progressive enhancement of DoMPK4 transcripts in the developing PLBs compared to that in the germinating seeds, suggests a role of DoMPK4 during the development of embryogenic PLBs formation in D. officinale.