To investigate the role of ET 1 in the pathogenesis of SU, a model was established by cold restraint stress(CRS) inducing rat ulcer, immunohistochemistry(IHC)ABC method and radioimmunoassay(RIA) methods were used to determine ET 1 content and to study the expression and location of ET 1 in stomach of normal and CRS rats,and to evaluate the ulcer index(UI). IHC showed that ET 1 was stained as brownish grains,localized in the cytoplasm of vascular endothelial cells, stomach smooth muscle cells, gastric epithelial and vascular smooth muscule cells around lamina muscularis mucosae in stomach. The proportion of ET 1 positive cells was significantly higher in 3h poststress gastric mucosa than in normal gastric mucosa in rats by IHC( P

To explore the significance of endothelin-1 converting enzyme (ECE-1)mRNA expression in the development and progression of stress ulcer in cold-restraint-stress(CRS) rats, a model was established by CRS-induced ulcers in rats. ET-1 contents in plasma and gastric mucosa of rats were measured by using radioimmunoassay(RIA)method, gastric mucosa blood flow(GMBF) in rats were determined by using laser-doppler flowmetry, ulcer index(UI) in rats was estimated according to"Guth standard", and the expression levels of ECE-1mRNA in gastric mucosa of normal and CRS rats were measured by using dot blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The results indicated that compared with control values,the ET-1 contents in both plasma and gastric mucosa of CRS rats were increased significantly after stress (P

Animals ; Aortic Valve ; surgery ; Aortic Valve Stenosis ; congenital ; therapy ; Balloon Valvuloplasty ; methods ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; methods ; Catheterization ; adverse effects ; methods ; Female ; Fetal Diseases ; therapy ; Fetal Heart ; surgery ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; therapy ; Humans ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; methods

Objective To study the predictive value of acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) grading system introduced into Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in order to provide a reliable clinical tool for the evaluation of prognosis of SAP.Methods Patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to ICU from July 2012 to July 2014 were enrolled for study.The criteria of exclusion were the age below 18 years old,pregnancy,or patients without consent to the treatment.A total of 63 patients with 37 males and 26 females aged (47 ± 15.3) years were included.The data of their acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ score,the highest SOFA score and AGI grade within the first week,and the 28-day mortality rate were collected.Patients without AGI were defined as zero point,and AGI grade Ⅰ-Ⅳ were defined as 1-4 points.The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the value of APACHE Ⅱ score,SOFA score,and SOFA + AGI score in predicting the prognosis of SAP.The areas under ROC curve (AUC) of the APACHE Ⅱ score,SOFA score,and SOFA + AGI score were compared with MedCalc software,and P value less than 0.01 was considered to be statistical significance.Results (1) The 28-day mortality of the 63 patients with SAP was 20.6％ (13/63),in which 50 patients in the survival group,13 patients in the death group.The APACHEⅡ scores of two groups were (15.62 ± 4.33 vs.12.10 ± 3.74,P=0.0048),the SOFA scores were (14.77 ± 3.09 vs.9.24 ± 2.88,P ＜0.01),and the SOFA + AGI scores were (18.77 ±3.09 vs.10.74 ± 3.17,P＜0.01).(2) The AUC of APACHEⅡ score was0.748 ± 0.084 (95％ CI:0.622-0.849),the AUC of SOFA score was 0.902 ± 0.059 (95％ CI:0.801-0.962),and the AUC of SOFA +AGI score was 0.963 ± 0.037 (95％ CI,0.882-0.994);There was no significant difference in AUC between APACHE Ⅱ score and SOFA score (P =0.10),and there was statistical significance between the AUC of APACHE Ⅱ score and that of SOFA + AGI score (P =0.013),and the difference in AUC between SOFA score and SOFA + AGI score was statistically significant (P =0.008).The Youden index and the positive likelihood ratio of SOFA + AGI score system were the greatest to be 0.863 and 15.38,respectively.Conclusions SOFA scoring system has better predictive value in patients with SAP when AGI grading system was introduced into it.

A microbial consortium of Trichoderma reesei AS3 3711, Aspergillus niger AS3 316 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae AS2 399 was constructed to decomposed rice chaff on the basis of the characters of each microorganism and the mechanism of cellulases In this experiment, rice chaff was pretreated with NaOH before fermentation so that the lignin structure of rice chaff was degraded and hemi cellulose was dissolved partly, which remove the protection of lignin and hemi cellulose on cellulose and demolish its special crystal structure After pretreatment, rice chaff can be degraded more easily with the microbial consortium The optimal technical paths and technological methods were achieved for intenerating rice chaff with the microbial consortium perfectly through orthogonal experiment According to the technological methods, some experiments were done at 30℃ with pH 4 5 It was found that the highest filter paper enzyme activity (FPA) was 5 64U/g and the ratio of cellulose degradation (RCD) was 28 05%

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Occupational Health Services

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Physical Examination

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of fluid management of severe patients according to arterial pressure-based cardiac output (APCO) monitoring volume responsiveness index.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted.The severe patients were selected from the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Hospital of Jilin University from June 1st,2012 to December 31st,2013.The hemodynamic parameters were monitored by APCO,and the fluid resuscitation was managed by stroke volume variation (SVV) and passive leg-raising test (PLR) when the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score ≥ 15,heart rate ＞ 100 bpm with the result that the preload and heart function could not be evaluated.The heart rate,SVV,lactic acid (Lac) and central venous pressure (CVP) and curative effect were recorded before and after carrying out fluid management strategy.The criteria of clinical effective was defined as heart rate decreased and (or) stroke volume (SV) increased ≥ 10％,accompanied by blood Lac and SVV decreased,other than,the cases did not meet above criteria were considered ineffective.Results Sixty-eight patients were enrolled in the study.① Before carrying out fluid management strategy:40 cases with CVP＞ 12 cmH2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa),and 16 cases with 5-12 cmH2O,12 with ＜5 cmH2O.SVV＞13％ in 35 cases,SVV ＜ 13％ in 9 cases.PLR positive in 18 cases,and PLR negative in 6 cases.It was implicated that the patients with poor preload (SVV ＞ 13％ and PLR positive) accounted by 77.9％ (53/68).② There were 49 effective cases and 19 ineffective cases 4 hours after carrying out fluid management strategy,and the effective rate was 72.06％ (49/68).While there were 56 effective cases and 12 ineffective cases after 12 hours,and the total effective rate was 82.35％ (56/68).③ In effective group,heart rate,SVV,Lac after fluid management strategy were significantly lower than those before fluid management strategy [4 hours after fluid management strategy:heart rate (bpm) 112.45 ± 13.53 vs.129.55 ± 15.49,SVV (15.47 ± 6.32)％ vs.(21.20 ± 7.40)％,Lac (mmol/L) 4.16 ± 3.12 vs.6.21 ± 4.11 ; 12 hours after fluid management strategy:heart rate (bpm) 110.02 ± 13.92 vs.129.61 ± 14.93,SVV (14.61 ± 15.52)％ vs.(20.66 ± 7.40)％,Lac (mmol/L) 3.35 ± 2.26 vs.6.11 ± 4.02,P＜0.05 or P＜0.01],while there was no significant difference in those markers between before and after fluid management strategy in ineffective group [4 hours after fluid management strategy:heart rate (bpm) 119.53 ± 11.68 vs.125.79 ± 11.58,SVV (16.95 ±6.48)％ vs.(18.47 ±4.96)％,Lac (mmol/L) 5.55 ± 3.80 比 6.54 ± 3.72 ; 12 hours after fluid management strategy:heart rate (bpm) 115.92 ± 11.71 vs.123.40 ± 11.59,SVV (17.17 ± 6.09)％ vs.(19.42 ± 8.25)％,Lac (mmol/L) 6.33 ± 3.40 vs.7.21 ± 3.81,all P＞ 0.05].CVP only at 12 hours after fluid management strategy in effective group was significantly higher than that before fluid management strategy (cmH2O:12.88 ± 3.38 vs.11.27 ± 4.97,P＜0.05).Conclusion SVV monitored by APCO is a good indicator of volume responsiveness index,which can be used as an important reference combined with PLR for fluid management of severe patients.

Objective Research has indicated that hydrogen sulfide(H2S) can regulate the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate re-ceptors(NMDARs) in the brain, but its effect on brain resuscitation requires further investigation.The study was to speculate the effect of H2 S on brain resuscitation as well as the underlying mechanism of neuroresuscitation by investigating the effects of hydrogen sulfide and hypo-thermia on the expression of NR2A, NR2B and phospho-cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) of NMDARs in the hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia following by reperfusion. Methods 100 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=20):sham operation group, model group, mild hypothermia group, NaHS group, NaHS combined mild hypothermia group.Pulsinelli-Brierley four-ves-sel occlusion method was induced to build the injury rat model by reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia .After 15 minutes'ischemia, im-mediate injection of 14μmol/kg NaHS was performed intraperitoneally on NaHS group and NaHS combined mild hypothermia group , while skin cooling(rectal temperature=32-33℃) was done on mild hypothermia group and NaHS combined mild hypothermia group .6 hours late,r hip-pocampus were extracted from rat heads.Respectively, spectrophotometer was applied to measure the content of H2S, Western blot for the expres-sions of NR2 A,NR2 B and pC-REB, and RTP-CR for mRNA level of brain derived neurotrophic (BDNF). HE staining was also performed on brain tissues 72hours after reperfusion on 4 rats from each group to evaluate the pathological changes of pyramidal neurons in CA1 region. R esul ts The content of H 2 S increased in each of the four groups after ischemia-reperfusion compared with sham operation group ( 15.2 ±2.0 nmol/g) (P<0.05).In comparison to model group (25.2 ±3.5 nmol/g), NaHS group (37.5 ±4.0 nmol/g) and NaHS combined mild hypothermia group (38.7 ±4.4nmol/g ) resulted in significant high content of H2S(P<0.05), while mild hypothermia group(26.5 ±3.5nmol/g ) got a mild increase(P>0.05).The gray values of NR2A and NR2B in each group increased compared with sham operation group(P<0.05), re-sulting in NR2A/NR2B<1 in model group and mild hypothermia group while NR2A/NR2B>1 in NaHS group and NaHS combined mild hy-pothermia group.Compared with the expression of p-CREB(0.55 ±0.06) in model group, there were significant increases in mild hypother-mia group(0.99 ±0.15), NaHS group(1.05 ±0.12), NaHS combined mild hypothermia group(1.02 ±0.15)(P<0.05).Compared with the expression of BNDF mRNA(0.83 ±0.12) in model group, there were significant increases in mild hypothermia group (1.11 ±0.13), NaHS group(1.27 ±0.16), NaHS combined mild hypothermia group(1.35 ±0.16)(P<0.05).In comparison to model group, there were signifi-cant alleviation in the injury of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 region in mild hypothermia group, NaHS group, NaHS combined mild hypothermia group, with the best effect in NaHS combined mild hypothermia group . Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide combined mild hypo-thermia can selectively activate synaptic NMDA receptors and trigger the prosurvival CREB signaling pathway to exert brain resuscitation .