OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of steroidal saponin in Allium sativum. METHODS:Pre-column derivatization of steroidal saponin was performed by using the derivatization agent of nitro-benzoic acid-chlorine. And HPLC was conducted to determine the content of steroidal saponin. The column was Shimadzu VP-ODS with mobile phase of aceto-nitrile-water mixed solution(80:20,V/V)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 254 nm,the column temper-ature was 25 ℃,and the injection volume of 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear rang of sarsasapogenin was 0-1.25 mg/ml(r=0.999 0);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recovery was 93.1%-96.8%(RSD=1.56%,n=6). CON-CLUSIONS:The method is simple,stable with good separation,and can be use for the content determination of steroidal saponin in A. sativum.

Oral hydroxycamptothecin nanosuspension (HCPT-Nano) with high supersaturated dissolution level, high permeation and well physical stability, was manufactured by microprecipitation-high press homogenization method. Its pharmaceutical properties were investigated, such as size and distribution, zeta potential, particle shape, physical existence condition, supersaturated dissolution level and so on. Particle size was measured by laser diffraction, and the mean diameters before and after lyophilization were 138 +/- 11.72 nm and 175 +/- 12.74 nm, respectively, for HCPT-Nano. Zeta potentials of HCPT-Nano was over -20 mV. The nanoparticles, being observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were claviform or column in shape. DSC and X-ray diffraction revealed that HCPT existed in the form of crystal for HCPT-Nano. And HCPT-Nano could maintain higher supersaturated dissolution level for long time. So it supplied the possibility of improving oral bioavailability of HCPT when combining together admoveatur of P-gp inhibitor, CsA.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) microPET/CT in the screening of cerebral ischemia reperfusion ( CIR) models. Methods The suture-occluded method was used to establish CIR rat models with reversible middle cerebral artery embolism. After that only awake rats whose Zea-Longa scores were 1-4 were selected for the following experiments, and 18 male SD rats were selected. Garcia scale with 18 points was used to evaluate the neurological function of rats at 2 and 24 h post-operation. At the same time points, 18 F-FDG was injected into caudal vein after anesthesia and micro-PET/CT scan was conducted at 40 min post-injection. Visual and semi-quantitative analyses were adopted to analyze the images. The autopsy and HE staining were performed on accidentally dead rats. The other alive rats were sacrificed after microPET/CT scan at 24 h post-operation, and their brain tissues were taken out quickly to detect the infarction by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride ( TTC) staining. The pathological results were taken as the gold criteria. Fisher exact test was used to compare the difference of accuracy for diagno-sing CIR models between neurological function score ( NFS) and microPET/CT. Results According to the pathology, there were 11 CIR models, 4 with subarachnoid hemorrhage ( SAH) , 3 with SAH and cerebral hemorrhage. Between 8-12 h post-operation, 4 rats died accidentally. At 2 h post-operation, the diagnostic accuracies of NFS and microPET/CT were 11/18 and 15/18 (P<0.05). At 24 h post-operation, the diag-nostic accuracies of NFS and microPET/CT were 11/14 and 14/14, respectively, no statistical difference was observed( P>0.05) . Conclusion 18 F-FDG microPET/CT is better than NFS in screening CIR models in early stage.

Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarize the relevant evidences of oral health manage-ment in the community elderly people to provide reference for community medical staffs.Methods The evi-dences on oral health management of the comunity elderly people were systematically retrieved from various guide websites and Chinese and English databases.The retrieval limit was from the database establishment to September 2021.The research group conducted the evaluation and extracted the evidences according to the rel-evant literature evaluation criteria.Results A total of 17 literatures were included,including 5 guidelines,4 expert consensuses and 8 systematic reviews.A total of 28 pieces of evidences were summarized from the five aspects of assessment and examination,daily life management,management of special oral problems,denture management,and education and training.Conclusion Community medical staffs should fully consider the clin-ical situation,department resources and patient wishes,and conduct the evidence application to increase the o-ral health level of the community elderly people.

Objective To explore a method of nursing post evaluation in the physical examination center and provide basis for performance appraisal and compensation management. Methods A total of 13 nursing posts were evaluated by 23 staff members in physical examination center and 7 evaluators from other departments of the hospital between June and August 2015 using Hay′s guide chart-profile method. Results The highest score of 13 nursing posts was 805. 4 and the lowest score was 80. 1. The average score of nursing posts in the morning and afternoon were (230. 9 ± 65. 6) and (190. 6 ± 85. 1). There was no significant difference between groups (t =0. 929,P =0. 375). Conclusions Hay′s guide chart-profile method can be used to compare the relative value of different nursing posts in physical examination center and can provide basis for performance appraisal and compensation management.

Objective To investigate the health status of nurses in hospital , and to provide the basis for the implementation of health management and health promotion in nurses .Methods We analyzed the physical examination information of 2 397 nurses in level three class A hospital from 2013 to 2015 , and compared with disease detection situation in different age groups , and analyzed disease detection rate among different age groups.Results The top three health hazards of nurses were breast disease (56.9%), thyroid disease (48.1%) and abnormal pelvic B ultrasound ( 33.7%).Pathoglycemia, dyslipidemia, hepatic adipose infiltration detection rate had increased in recent three years , and there were statistically significant differences (χ2 =13.83,4.90,18.18;P<0.05), and all the detection rates of the disease presented the increasing trend with age growing .Conclusions The health status of nursing staff is not optimistic .Managers of hospital should actively carry out health management and health promotion for nurses .

Objective To reveal the genetic distribution of group A streptococcus progeny(GAS)isolated from children with re-spiratory tract infection in Beijing in 2015.Methods The throat swabs were collected from children with clinical diagnosis of scarlet fever and pharyngeal infection during May to July,2015.16 pediatric outpatient departments or pediatric emergency department of hospitals located in 16 districts of Beijing were enrolled in this study.PCR amplification and gene sequencing were employed.The encoding mature M protein gene(emm)distribution in different condition was compared and analyzed.Results A total of 247 GAS were isolated,including 73(29.6%,73/247)isolates from cases with scarlet fever and 174(70.4%,174/247)isolates from cases with pharyngeal infection.Among all isolates,six genotypes of emm were identified,including emm12(53.4%,132/247),emm1(44. 1%,109/247)and others(emm22,emm75,emm131 and emm241,2.5%,6/247).The significant difference of emm distribution with age was observed in this study:emm1 isolates were dominant in children aged 6-12,whereas emm12 isolates were dominant in chil-dren aged 1-5(P<0.05).While the emm distribution showed no significant difference in groups with different location,gender,and disease pattern(P>0.05).Conclusion Emm1 and emm12 were the circulating genotype of GAS in Beijing children,2015.Moreo-ver,the difference of distribution between emm1 and emm12 was proved in this study.

Objective: To understand the antigenicity and genetic characterization of influenza B virus HA gene in B/Victoria-lineage virus (BV) in Beijing during 2017-2018. Methods: Thirty BV virus strains isolated from MDCK cell culture by 17 laboratories in Beijing were collected. The antigenicity was analyzed by comparing with the vaccine strain recommended by WHO. The total viral nucleic acid was extracted and HA gene was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by HA and mutant sites were analyzed. Results: Among 30 strains of BV, 23 strains (76.7%) were low-reactive strains, other 7 strains (23.3%) were related to the vaccine. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the HA gene of all 30 strains located in Clade 1A branch. In addition, amino acid mutations occurred in 8 sites, and 6 of them located in the antigen determining region. Conclusions There was a correlation between the high proportion of low-reactive antigenicity and 6 aa variation in antigenic determinants involved in HA region of BV influenza virus between 2017-2018, which provides an important laboratory basis for the recommendation of BV influenza vaccine.

The poorly water-soluble drug curcumin was prepared into oral nanocrystalline solid preparation by nanocrystal technology to improve the solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability. Curcumin nanocrystals were prepared by media grinding technology, and two types of stable curcumin nanocrystal suspension formulations were developed. The stabilizers in the two formulations were polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30)/sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS)(1∶1) and Tween 80, respectively. The prepared curcumin nanocrystal suspension was loaded onto microcrystalline cellulose pellets through fluidized bed coating technology, and the nanocrystalline capsules were obtained after filling. The results of nanocrystal redispersion stability and scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the morphology of drug-loaded pellets was uniform when PVP K30 and SDS were used as stabilizers, and the diameter of nanocrystals before and after redispersion was about 200 nm, which was determined as the optimal formulation. In vitro dissolution study showed that curcumin nanocrystals at the size of 200 nm exhibited significantly promoted dissolution. The results of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the curcumin crystalline partly turned amorphous during the preparation of nanocrystals.Pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that the bioavailability of curcumin nanocrystals was 9.3 times higher than that of the bulk drug. The curcumin nanocrystalline capsules developed in this research can significantly improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability, which is of great significance in improving the poor solubility of drugs, and is expected to become a new dosage form for clinical treatment.

Objective:To understand the epidemic situation of Redondoviridae in Beijing and analyze its epidemiologic characteristics.Methods:Pharyngeal swab samples of healthy people and patients with acute respiratory infection in Beijing, including influenza like cases and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases in hospitals were collected. Real time PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of Redondoviridae. The positive samples were amplified and sequenced to analyze their species. The age and sex distribution of patients and species distribution of Redondoviridae were obtained through statistical analysis. Multiplex PCR was used to detect other common respiratory pathogens in the positive samples of Redondoviridae in influenza like cases and SARI cases, and the pathogenicity of Redondoviridae was analyzed.Results:The positive rates of Redondoviridae in healthy people and acute respiratory infection cases were 20.48% (189/923) and 11.23% (43/390), respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The positive rate of male was higher than that of female in the healthy population, and the positive rate of the elderly group was higher than that of the adult group and the underage group, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The positive rate of male patients with acute respiratory tract infection was higher than that of female patients, but there was no significant difference. The proportion of Vientovirus in the positive samples of Redondoviridae was higher than that of Brisavirus, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Among the throat swabs of respiratory tract infection cases, 43 were positive for Redondoviridae, of whom 24 were not detected for other pathogens. Conclusions:Redondoviridae widely exists in healthy people of all age groups in Beijing, and is also found in acute respiratory infection cases. The positive rate of Redondoviridae is different in different ages and genders. Both Vientovirus and Brisavirus were detected, and the proportion of Vientovirus was significantly higher than Brisavirus.