Objective To identify Taenia cestodes specimens collected from Baoshan and Puer regions of Yunnan Province by analyzing mitochondrial DNA gene encoding ribosomal RNA small subunit (mtDNA-12S rRNA) gene sequence. Methods The adult Taenia cestode samples were collected from Baoshan and Puer regions of Yunnan Province. The genomic DNA was extracted and mtDNA-12S rRAN gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then sequenced.Combined with the known mtDNA-12S rRNA gene sequence of Taenia solium, Taenia saginata,Taenia asiatica in GenBank, homology tree and phylogenetic tree were constructed by DNA MAN software. Results Taenia cestode homology tree and phylogenetic tree showed that gene sequences of BS1, BS2, BS4 and BS5 were most close to YZ with identity of 99% and those of BS3, BS6, BST,PE1 and PE2 were most close to ND with identity of 99%. Conclusions Taenia saginata and Taenia asiatica can be found in Baoshan area, while Taenia saginata can be found in Puer area. The gene sequence of mtDNA-12S rRNA can be used for clarifying the three types of Taenia cestode.

Objective To explore the relationship of job-seeking self-efficacy, vocational interest and professional commitment. Methods 568 college students were questioned by job-seeking self-efficacy scale, vocational Interest Inventory and Professional Commitment scale. Results Job-seeking self-efficacy were positively related to professional commitment( r = 0.47, P ＜ 0. 0 1 ) ;different level of job-seeking self-efficacy had significant difference in professional commitment( F (2.565 =60.48, P＜0. 01 ). Among six types of vocational interest, career interest got highest correlation on professional commitment( r=0. 31, P＜0.01 ). Path analysis found that job search self-efficacy directly impacted on professional commitment( B = 0.58, P ＜ 0. 01 ), job search self-efficacy could also through research-oriented career interest had an indirect impact on the professional commitment ( B =0. 05, P ＜ 0. 0 1 ). Conclusion Professional commitment is mainly effected by job search self-efficacy, career interest. As a result, all these factors should be taken under consideration to improve colleges' professional commitment.

Objective:To pharmacognostically identify Selaginellae uncinatae Herba to provide reference for the identification and utilization of Selaginellae uncinatae Herba. Methods:On the basis of observing the characters, structure and microscopic characteris-tics of the powder, Selaginella uncinata Herba was identified by a TLC method using amentoflavone as the reference substance. The contents of total ash, acid insoluble ash and alcohol-soluble extracts in Selaginellae uncinatae Herba were detected as well. Results:The morphological identification, microscopic identification and TLC identification of the herb was respectively established. The content limits of the total ash, acid insoluble ash and alcohol soluble extract were preliminarily determined. Conclusion:The studies provide reference for the identification and quality evaluation of Selaginellae uncinatae Herba.

Objective To systematic review the methodological quality of guidelines for Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in children, to provide a reference for clinical evidence-based medicine. Methods Guidelines concerning GBS were electronically retrieved from PubMed, EMbase, CBM, Wanfang data, CNKI and Vip. The guide databases includes major medical institutions and industry sites such as NGC, GIN, TRIP , CDC, IDSA, AAP, WHO, Chinese Health and Family Planning Committee website, library of clinical guidelines China and Chinese clinical guidelines for collaboration. All the data were searched from inception of the database or network to Oct. 2013. Two reviews independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessed the quality of guideline using the AGREEⅡ. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to examine the conformance of the raters' evaluation scores. Results A total of 5 guidelines concerning GBS were included, with a time range from 2003 to 2012, and origins from USA, EU and Canada. The final recommendation levels of the 5 articles were level B. According to the AGREEⅡ, domain 3 and 4 showed the higher scores, and scores were generally low in domain 5. Plasma exchange (PE) and intravenous immuneglobulin (IVIG) showed positive effects on the treatment of GBS. But it was not recommended that combined PE and IVIG. Corticosteroids are also not recommended for GBS treatment. Conclusions The recommendations of medicines for GBS are basically consistent. However, the classification criteria of the levels of evidence and recommendation are still unconsistent and suboptimal. The guidelines on GBS should be improved in“Applicability”in future.

Objective:To study the influence of harvest time on the characters of Chaenomeles Spciosa ( Sweet) Nakai to determine the optimal harvest time with traditional characters of the Chinese medicine. Methods: In order to explore the optimal harvest time of Chaenomeles Spciosa ( Sweet) Nakai, the content of alcohol-soluble extract, weight and acidity of Chaenomeles Spciosa ( Sweet) Nakai with different harvest time were determined, the weather conditions in recent 3 years was summarized, and the drying process was also studied. Results:The average weight of Chaenomeles Spciosa(Sweet)Nakai was the lowest in June and highest in August, and the den-sity reached maximum in mid-July. During the whole harvest time, the content of alcohol-soluble extract was stable. The weather con-ditions from mid-July to late-July were with high temperature, dry and little rain, which was suitable for drying of Chaenomeles Spciosa ( Sweet) Nakai. Conclusion:The optimal harvest time of Chaenomeles Spciosa( Sweet) Nakai is confirmed in mid-July according to the traditional customs, drying conditions and characters of the Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general rule on checking and acceptance of drug warehousing of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs.METHODS:The warehousing acceptance data of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs during 2003-2007 in our hospital were sorted and the reasons for drug acceptance rejection were analyzed.RESULTS:Of the 5 228 batches of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs checked before acceptance over 5 years,138(2.61%) were unacceptable.Most of the rejected batches were prepared processing slices of Chinese crude drugs.There were more than 30 factors resulted in the rejection.CONCLUSION:The key to ensure the quality of prepared slices of Chinese crude drugs is to improve their processing level.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common non -melanoma skin cancer and its morbidity is increasing in recent years .Because of the complicated pathogenesis and non -specific clinical mani-festation of squamous cell carcinoma ,misdiagnosis occurs frequently .Although squamous cell carcinoma usually grows very slowly ,the invasion and metastasis of special types occurs early .With the deep knowledge of squamous cell carcinoma,people get more and more research results in diagnosis ,treatment and prevention .This paper de-scribes the epidemiology ,etiology ,clinical manifestation ,pathology ,clinical staging ,treatment and prognosis .

To find a new method to identify Mori Cortex and its adulterants by analysis their ITS2 sequence of barcode,total genomic DNA was isolated from Mori Cortex and its adulterants. Nuclear DNA ITS2 sequences were amplified,and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using the CodonCode Aligner V3.0. The Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) distances were calculated us-ing software MEGA 4.0. Identification analyses were performed using BLAST1, Nearest Distance and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The results showed the intra-specific genetic distance of Mori Cortex was 0, which were lower than inter-specific genetic distances between Mori Cortex and its closely related species (0.003-0.343). The ITS2 region is an efficient barcode for identification of Mori Cortex and its closely related species, which provides a scientific basis for fast and accurate identification and new method of Mori Cortex.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency of serum cystatin C as a marker of renal function to predict serum trough concentrations of vancomycin. Methods Data on trough concentrations of vancomycin(Cmea ),serum creatinine (Scr)concentrations,cystatin C( Cys C) concentrations were collected from 81 hospitalized patients who received vancomycin therapy. Predicted vancomycin trough concentrations(Cpre )were calculated based on Scr or Cys C concentrations associating with Bayesian forecasting method through NONMEM software. Finally,the correlations and distinctions between Cpre and Cmea were comparatively analyzed. Results There were both correlation between Cpre and Cmea in relation to Scr or Cys C(r = 0. 678,P<0. 01;r=0. 727,P<0. 01). Besides,the errors of mean predictive error(ME),mean absolute error(MAE)and root-mean-square error(RMSE)for Scr was - 5. 79,6. 86,9. 86 μg · mL-1 , respectively, where as the errors for Cys C was - 0. 82,5. 42, 7. 74 μg·mL-1 ,respectively. Conclusion Cystatin C is a good marker of renal function available for predicting serum vancomycin concentrations.

β-Amyrin synthase (β-AS) genes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis from 6 different regions were analyzed by PCR-SSCP and sequenced, then the correlationship between β-AS SNP and regions of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were determined. According to the 1 coding single nucleotide polymorphism on the first exon of β-AS gene at 94 bp site, Glycyrrhiza uralensis could be divided into 3 genotypes. In these genotypes, the percentage of 94A type in genuine regions was much higher, and it had significant differences with the percentage in non-genuine regions (P < 0.001). The results of the experiment proved that different β-AS genotypes at 94 bp site from different regions may be one of the important reasons to result in the genuineness of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.