Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is a Live attenuated influenza vaccine.LAIV has demonstrated significantly greater protection against influenza in healthy children or children with a history of respiratory diseases or with immunodeficiency diseases 2 to17 years of age as compared with TIV.LAIV can prevent influenza more efficient without increasing hospitalization and emergency department visits as compared with TIV.Except for the runny nose and nasal congestion,no excess risk of adverse events have been found among children who were vaccinated with LAIV compared with those vaccinated with TIV.LAIV has the potential in children to stimulate greater local anti-influenza immune responses and its protective effect can extend beyond the year of administration.Vaccining LAIV is convenient and noninvasive for children,it is easily accepted by children and their parents.LAIV offers a effective approach to prevent influenza.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with the same TNM stage may suffer from large prognosis variations. Even patients with early-stage NSCLC still demonstrated lower-than-expecting survival rates after surgical resection, indicating that the current staging methods which were based on anatomy do not adequately predict outcome. Especially the insufficient growth of very early period tumors limited the prognostic prediction of anatomy characteristics, therefore studies focusing on tumor biologic characteristics were developed in order to identify prognostic gene markers. A variety of prognostic genomic models were based on microarray analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by bioinformatics data processing. However, the prognostic gene lists reported to date overlapped poorly in the studies with similar background. To improve the cloudy situation, the research protocol should be standardized.On the other hand, instead of simple addition of several genes, sequential combination of prognostic gene markers based on signal pathway should be developed which may possess much more rationality and systematicness.

Objective To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance angiography-diffusion mismatch to predict the ischemic penumbra in acute ischemic stroke.Methods Patients with acute cerebral infarcts within the middle cerebral artery territory and imaged within 6 hours after symptom onset were prospectively studied.MRI including MRA,DWI and PWI sequences were performed on admission.We defined MRA-DWI Volume mismatch as MCA(M1) occlusion and DWI lesion volume≤25 ml.MRA-DWI ASPECTS mismatch was defined as MCA(M1) occlusion and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score of DWI≥7.DWI lesion and PWI(MTT) volumes were measured by planimetric techniques.PWI-DWI mismatch was examined as a categorical variable(mismatch=PWI-DWI/DWI?100%≥20%).Results 78 patients met inclusion criterion,MRA-DWI Volume mismatch detected PWI-DWI mismatch with a specificity of 100%,but a sensitivity of only 46%.MRA-DWI ASPECTS mismatch detected PWI-DWI mismatch still with a high specificity of 100% and a low sensitivity of only 42.9%.Conclusions MRA-DWIVolume mismatch and MRA-DWI ASPECTS mismatch predict the presence of PWI-DWI mismatch with high specificity and low sensitivity.They may be useful to select patient candidates for thrombolysis.

0.05).However,There were significantly positive correlation between MMP-9 level and abnormal volume on mean transit time map(r=0.371,P=0.026),time to peak map(r=0.379,P=0.023),cerebral blood flow map(r=0.447,P=0.006) and great vessel occlution(r=0.416,P=0.004) on magnetic resonance.Conclusions The serum MMP-9 level of acute cerebral infarction are significantly positively correlated with the change of magnetic resonance,but there are no correlation between MMP-2 and MMP-13 levels and the change of magnetic resonance.It suggests that the MMP-9 may be involved in the pathology of acute cerebral ischemia.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder characterized by hyperarousal, flashback and avoidance behavior after experiencing traumatic events. This article reviews the diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis and treatment options of this disease.

The paper presented the competence theory,and its application in the current hospital recruitment in China.Based on existing studies,the authors proposed a competence-based hospital recruitment indicator system and measurement approach,consisting of 15 level-1 indicators and 16 level-2 indicators.They also named the merits of such a system compared to conventional ones as evidenced in practice.On such basis the paper proposed to further improve such a system and mechanism,as well as the quantitative research and empirical study of the competence indicator system.

Objective To assess the relative value of individual positions in the functional departments of a general hospital in Beijing,for reference of improving the salary allocation system and fine management of human resources.Methods The expert consultation method and International Position Evaluation system were used to quantitatively assess the tasks,work difficulty,size of responsibility and the qualifications required for every.Results A total of 38 experts contributed to this research which studied 140 positions including all functional departments of this hospital.The department having the most positions is the finance department(17)and the least is the Youth League committee(1).The position scoring the highest(805)was the director of medical affairs department;that scoring the lowest(263)was the food and beverage service positions of the diet and nutrition department.There was an evident turning point at score 547.Conclusions Functional departments′ position setting of this hospital proves reasonable,and the assessment scoring can reflect the value of the position in related dimensions.The result can be used as reference indexes for the hospital to perfect its human resource management system and improve the remuneration precision.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different concentrations and different duration of sevoflurane anesthesia on cognitive function in mice.Methods Fifty adult male C57BL/6 mice,weighing 20-24 g,aged 10 weeks,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),1.3％ sevoflurane inhaled for0.5 h group (group S1),1.3％ sevoflurane inhaled for 2.0 h group (group S2),2.5％ sevoflurane inhaled for 2.0 h group (group S3),and 2.5％ sevoflurane inhaled for 4.0 h group (group S4).At 2 weeks after anesthesia,Morris water maze test was performed,and the escape latency and frequency of crossing the original platform were recorded.After the end of the test,the mice were sacrificed,and brains were removed to detect the expression of 2B subunit-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NR2B) and activated caspase-3 in the hippocampus.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly shortened,and the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased in S1-3 groups,and the escape latency was prolonged,and no significant change was found in the frequency of crossing the original platform in group S4.Compared with group C,the expression of NR2B in hippocampal tissues was up-regulated in S1-4 groups,and the expression of activated caspase-3 in hippocampal tissues was up-regulated in S3 and S4 groups.Conclusion The reason for different effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on cognitive function is related to the concentration and duration in mice.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients with different infarction patterns.Methods87 patients who underwent diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) within 6 h after symptom onset and visualized acute cerebral infarcts within the middle cerebral artery territory were prospectively studied.According to DWI lesion patterns,the patients were divided into 6 groups.Before MR was performed and 24 h after onset,scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were recorded.3 months after onset,scores of modified Ranking scale(mRS) were obtained.ResultsThe baseline NIHSS,infarction volume,occlusion of relevant internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery and clinical outcome were significantly different among 6 groups(P<0.05).ConclusionDifferent infarction patterns of acute ischemic stroke were associated with clinical symptoms,vascular status,and clinical outcome,that may help to guide treatment and judge prognosis.

Objective To investigate prognosis of acute ischemic patients with internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion and define predictors of clinical outcome.MethodsThe clinical and radiological data of 48 stroke patients who underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) within 6 hours of symptom onset and visualized internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion on early MRA were analyzed. 90 days after onset, modified Ranking Scale (mRS) scores were obtained and factors related with prognosis were defined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 48 patients, 17 cases (35.4%) got good clinical outcome (mRS 0～2), 31 cases (64.6%) got poor clinical outcome (mRS 3～6) with 7 cases (14.6%) died. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only large infarction ( OR=21.1, 95%CI 1.4～314.2, P=0.027) and hyperglycaemia ( OR=5.1, 95%CI 1.3～19.8, P=0.019) were independent predictors of poor outcome.ConclusionClinical outcomes of most acute stroke patients with internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery occlusion are poor. Large infarction and hyperglycaemia are independent predictors of clinical outcome.