Objective Based on the phosphatidylinositol kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway and M2 polarization of macrophages,the effects of polydatin on malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells were investigated.Methods The macrophages were divided into M0 group,M2 group,polydatin group,and polydatin+PI3K pathway agonist 740Y-P group.The expression of arginase-1(Arg-1)and CD206 mRNAs and proteins in macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Western blot was used to detect p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT protein expression in macrophages.The osteosarcoma cells MG-63 were divided into control group,control group(RPMI-1640 medium culture),CM-M0 group(M0 group M0 macrophage supernatant is collected for osteosarcoma cells),CM-M2 group(M2 group M2 macrophage supernatant is collected for osteosarcoma cells),CM-polydatin group(M2 macrophage supernatant in the polydatin group was collected on osteosarcoma cells),and CM-polydatin+740Y-P group(M2 macrophage supernatant was collected on osteosarcoma cells in the CM-polydatin+740Y-P group).Edu staining assay was used to detect the proliferation of MG-63 cells.Scratches and Transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion of MG-63 cells.Results Compared with the M0 group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT increased in the M2 group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the M2 group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT decreased in the polydatin group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the polydatin group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT increased in the polydatin+740Y-P group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-M0 group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-M2 group increased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-M2 group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-polydatin group decreased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-polydatin group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-polydatin+740Y-P group increased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Polygonum cuspidatum can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the M2 polarization of macrophages,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of rectus abdominis area(RAA),visceral fat area(VFA),and the ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat area(V/S ratio)on the risk of surgical site infection(SSI)following open radical surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and their predictive value in the perioperative period and potential utility for intervention.Methods In this retrospective case-control study,280 patients who underwent open radical HCC surgery between December 2019 and October 2024 were included.After excluding 17 patients due to incomplete data or other exclusion criteria,the remaining 263 patients were categorized into two groups:66 in the SSI group and 197 in the non-SSI group.VFA,subcutaneous fat area(SFA),and RAA were quantified using preoperative abdominal computed tomography(CT)scans.Propensity score matching was performed to create two well-balanced cohorts,each consisting of 59 patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were conducted to identify and evaluate potential risk factors for SSIs.Additionally,a nomogram was developed to assess the predictive performance of these risk factors through ROC curve analysis,calibration plots,and decision curve analysis.Results Preoperative laboratory results revealed significantly elevated white blood cell counts,C-reactive protein levels,and procalcitonin in the SSI group,along with reduced hemoglobin and serum albumin levels compared to the control group(P=0.003).Imaging analyses demonstrated markedly increased RAA(P=0.032),VFA(P=0.015),and V/S ratio(P=0.002)in the SSI group.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified RAA,VFA,and the V/S ratio as critical risk factors for SSIs.ROC curve analyses further confirmed the robust predictive capacity of the V/S ratio(AUC=0.88)and RAA(AUC=0.79).A nomogram constructed based on these indicators achieved an AUC of 0.836,indicating excellent discrimination ability,strong concordance between predicted and observed out-comes,and clinically significant net benefit across a range of common threshold probabilities.Conclusions RAA,VFA,and the V/S ratio are critical predictors of SSI following open radical HCC surgery.The nomogram constructed based on these factors exhibits robust discrimination,calibration,and clinical utility,allowing clini-cians to accurately identify high-risk patients and implement targeted interventions to reduce SSI incidence and enhance patient outcomes.

Objective Based on the phosphatidylinositol kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway and M2 polarization of macrophages,the effects of polydatin on malignant phenotype of osteosarcoma cells were investigated.Methods The macrophages were divided into M0 group,M2 group,polydatin group,and polydatin+PI3K pathway agonist 740Y-P group.The expression of arginase-1(Arg-1)and CD206 mRNAs and proteins in macrophages were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Western blot was used to detect p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT protein expression in macrophages.The osteosarcoma cells MG-63 were divided into control group,control group(RPMI-1640 medium culture),CM-M0 group(M0 group M0 macrophage supernatant is collected for osteosarcoma cells),CM-M2 group(M2 group M2 macrophage supernatant is collected for osteosarcoma cells),CM-polydatin group(M2 macrophage supernatant in the polydatin group was collected on osteosarcoma cells),and CM-polydatin+740Y-P group(M2 macrophage supernatant was collected on osteosarcoma cells in the CM-polydatin+740Y-P group).Edu staining assay was used to detect the proliferation of MG-63 cells.Scratches and Transwell assays were used to detect the migration and invasion of MG-63 cells.Results Compared with the M0 group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT increased in the M2 group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the M2 group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT decreased in the polydatin group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the polydatin group,the Arg-1,CD206,IL-10,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT increased in the polydatin+740Y-P group significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-M0 group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-M2 group increased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-M2 group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-polydatin group decreased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the CM-polydatin group,the proportion of Edu-positive cells in the CM-polydatin+740Y-P group increased significantly(P<0.05),and MG-63 cell migration and invasion rates increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Polygonum cuspidatum can inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the M2 polarization of macrophages,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of rectus abdominis area(RAA),visceral fat area(VFA),and the ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat area(V/S ratio)on the risk of surgical site infection(SSI)following open radical surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and their predictive value in the perioperative period and potential utility for intervention.Methods In this retrospective case-control study,280 patients who underwent open radical HCC surgery between December 2019 and October 2024 were included.After excluding 17 patients due to incomplete data or other exclusion criteria,the remaining 263 patients were categorized into two groups:66 in the SSI group and 197 in the non-SSI group.VFA,subcutaneous fat area(SFA),and RAA were quantified using preoperative abdominal computed tomography(CT)scans.Propensity score matching was performed to create two well-balanced cohorts,each consisting of 59 patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were conducted to identify and evaluate potential risk factors for SSIs.Additionally,a nomogram was developed to assess the predictive performance of these risk factors through ROC curve analysis,calibration plots,and decision curve analysis.Results Preoperative laboratory results revealed significantly elevated white blood cell counts,C-reactive protein levels,and procalcitonin in the SSI group,along with reduced hemoglobin and serum albumin levels compared to the control group(P=0.003).Imaging analyses demonstrated markedly increased RAA(P=0.032),VFA(P=0.015),and V/S ratio(P=0.002)in the SSI group.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified RAA,VFA,and the V/S ratio as critical risk factors for SSIs.ROC curve analyses further confirmed the robust predictive capacity of the V/S ratio(AUC=0.88)and RAA(AUC=0.79).A nomogram constructed based on these indicators achieved an AUC of 0.836,indicating excellent discrimination ability,strong concordance between predicted and observed out-comes,and clinically significant net benefit across a range of common threshold probabilities.Conclusions RAA,VFA,and the V/S ratio are critical predictors of SSI following open radical HCC surgery.The nomogram constructed based on these factors exhibits robust discrimination,calibration,and clinical utility,allowing clini-cians to accurately identify high-risk patients and implement targeted interventions to reduce SSI incidence and enhance patient outcomes.

Biomolecular aggregation within cellular environments via liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) spontaneously forms droplet-like structures, which play pivotal roles in diverse biological processes. These structures are closely associated with a range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and infectious diseases, highlighting the significance of understanding LLPS mechanisms for elucidating disease pathogenesis, and exploring potential therapeutic interventions. In this review, we delineate recent advancements in LLPS research, emphasizing its pathological relevance, therapeutic considerations, and the pivotal role of bioinformatic tools and databases in facilitating LLPS investigations. Additionally, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of bioinformatic resources dedicated to LLPS research in order to elucidate their functionality and applicability. By providing comprehensive insights into current LLPS-related bioinformatics resources, this review highlights its implications for human health and disease.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

Post-stroke depression is a common complication after a stroke. Based on the theory of ＂deficiency of heart qi leading to sadness＂recorded in Huangdi Neijing, our team proposes that deficiency of heart qi is the basic pathogenesis of post-stroke depression, with sadness being its main manifestation. Therefore, we advocate treating post-stroke depression from the perspective of the heart, and clinically, it can be divided into four stages: heart-liver stage, heart-lung stage, heart-spleen stage, and heart-kidney stage. Treating post-stroke depression with the principle of regulating qi and nourishing the heart, patients in the heart-liver and heart-lung stages are mainly middle-aged and young adults, with a pathological nature of qi stagnation and mild deficiency of heart qi, and therefore, the method of promoting the flow of meridians and regulating qi should be adopted. In contrast, patients in the heart-spleen and heart-kidney stages are mainly middle-aged and elderly, with a pathological nature of qi deficiency and severe deficiency of heart qi, and therefore, nourishment and tonification should be prioritized. In response to the above four stages, our team has achieved good clinical efficacy by administering Xiaoyao Powder, Baihe Dihuang Decoction, Ganmai Dazao Decoction and Jingui Shenqi Pill respectively. This study discusses the approach to treating post-stroke depression from the perspective of a "deficiency of heart qi leading to sadness" by examining three aspects: the theoretical basis of Chinese and Western medicine to treat post-stroke depression from the heart, the basic pathogenesis and staging of post-stroke depression, and the treatment principle of regulating qi and nourishing the heart. The study also briefly analyzes the clinical experience of the medications used for this condition to provide a reference for the treatment of post-stroke depression.

Healthy lifestyles and good living habits are effective strategies and important approaches to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases. With the development of evidence-based medicine, the evidence translation system has made some achievements in clinical practice. There is, however, no comprehensive, professional and efficient system for translating lifestyle evidence globally. Therefore, the Health Lifestyle Evidence (HLSE) Group of Lanzhou University constructed the HLSE Evidence Translation System (https://hlse.cn/), with the aim of synthesizing, evaluating, translating, and applying lifestyle-related evidence resources. This paper aims to introduce the functional module design of the evidence translation system, the system development process and testing, introduce the interface design and function demonstration, and explain the significance of constructing the HLSE.

Healthy lifestyles and good living habits are effective strategies and important approaches to prevent chronic non-communicable diseases. With the development of evidence-based medicine, the evidence translation system has made some achievements in clinical practice. There is, however, no comprehensive, professional and efficient system for translating lifestyle evidence globally. Therefore, the Health Lifestyle Evidence (HLSE) Group of Lanzhou University constructed the HLSE Evidence Translation System (https://hlse.cn/), with the aim of synthesizing, evaluating, translating, and applying lifestyle-related evidence resources. This paper aims to introduce the functional module design of the evidence translation system, the system development process and testing, introduce the interface design and function demonstration, and explain the significance of constructing the HLSE.

Chaihu Guizhi Decoction is an excellent prescription of ZHANG Zhongjing;however,nowadays the application of Chaihu Guizhi Decoction is primarily derived from the text.The xiang thinking is the source of traditional Chinese medicine thinking.Understanding Chaihu Guizhi Decoction from the xiang thinking,it is easy to perceive the true meaning of ZHANG Zhongjing,and grasp the location of the disease and the patient's overall qi,so as to make better use of this formula.This article discusses the understanding of Chaihu Guizhi Decoction from five perspectives:firstly,it gives an overview of the xiang thinking,pointing out the source and essential value of the xiang thinking;secondly,it analyses the disease position and the patient's qi of Chaihu Guizhi Decoction under the perspective of the xiang thinking as a whole;thirdly,it discusses the disease position and the patient's qi of the original text of Chaihu Guizhi Decoction from the xiang thinking;fourthly,it discusses how to understand the principle of formula formation and the main and minor parts of Chaihu Guizhi Decoction by xiang thinking;finally,it analyses the primary medicines in Chaihu Guizhi Decoction by using xiang thinking based on the records of Shennong Bencao Jing.Based on these five points,we hope to reveal the traditional Chinese medicine thinking behind Chaihu Guizhi Decoction,and provide new ideas for the clinical application of Chaihu Guizhi Decoction.