Objective To observe the effects of protein and anthraquinones glycosides from Radix Polygoni Multiflori(RPM) on learning and memory as well as associated enzymes and metabolites in mice with D-galactose-induced aging.Methods Eighty Kunming mice were equally randomized into 8 groups: normal group,model group,vitamin E(90mg?kg-1?d-1) group,high-and low-dose RPM protein(20 and5 mg?kg-1?d-1 respectively) groups,high-and low-dose RPM anthraquinone glycoside(28 and 7mg?kg-1?d-1 respectively) groups,combination(low-dose RPM protein and low-dose RPM anthraquinone glycosides)group.Except the normal group,the mice in other groups received subcutaneous injection of D-galactose to indue the aging model.The learning rate of mice was detected with trisection radiation maze,memory was evaluated by one-time passive avoidance response,cerebral superoxide dismustase(SOD) and monoamine oxidase(MAO) activities as well as malondialdehyde(MDA)content were detected with ultraviolet spectrophotometer,and hepatic lipofuscin(LF) content was examined with fluorescence spectrophotometer.Results Memory of aged mice was much improved in high-dose RPM protein group(P

Objective To discuss the levels of inhibitory protein Ga-2 (Gαi2) in hippocampus of brain and the effects of Gαi2 on neuronal intracellular Ca2+ level in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model of rats.Methods Ninety SD rats were randomly (random number) assigned to sham group (n =30),ischemic-reperfusion (IR) group (n =30),Pertussis toxin (PT) group (n =30).The blood flow of right common carotid artery of rat was blocked for 90 min to make ischemia reperfusion model.The levels of Gαi2 in hippocampus was assayed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting after ischemia reperfusion for 6,12,24 h in each group.The average fluorescence values of intracellular Ca2+ levels in hippocampus of rats in three groups were detected by using Flow CytoMeter (FCM).Neuronal cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL.Results After restoration of middle cerebral artery blood flow for different lengths of time,the levels of hippocampus Gαi2 and Ca2+ levels in IR group were significantly higher than those in Sham group (P ＜0.01).The hippocampus Ca2+ levels in PT group were higher than those in IR group (P ＜ 0.01).The apoptotic rates of neurons in PT group were lower than those in IR group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions The level of Gαi2 in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model was increased.Gαi2 might reduce the calcium ion concentration of neurons after cerebral ischemia and rcduce the neuronal cell apoptosis in this model.Gαi2 might play a role in protecting neuron from cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.

This study examined the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3PUFA) on the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and some related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with early-stage severe multiple trauma. Thirty-two patients who were admitted to the Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) between May 2010 and November 2010, and diagnosed as having severe multiple trauma with a injury severity score (ISS) no less than 16, were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups at random (n=16 in each): ω-3PUFA group and control group in which routine parenteral nutrition supplemented with ω-3PUFA or not was administered to the patients in two groups for consecutive 7 days. Peripheral blood from these patients was collected within 2 h of admission (day 0), and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after the nutritional support. PBMCs were isolated and used for detection of the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 by using real-time PCR and flow cytometry respectively, the levels of NF-κB by quantum dots-based immunofluorescence assay, the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and COX-2 by ELISA, respectively. The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PBMCs was significantly lower in ω-3PUFA group than in control group 5 and 7 days after nutrition support (both P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 and COX-2 were found to be substantially decreased in PBMCs in ω-3PUFA group as compared with control group at 5th and 7th day (P<0.05 for all). It was concluded that ω-3PUFA can remarkably decrease the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and some related inflammatory factors in NF-κB signaling pathway in PBMCs of patients with severe multiple trauma, which suggests that ω-3PUFA may suppress the excessive inflammatory response meditated by the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The incidence of colon cancer has been increasing in recent years with the improvement in living standard, and becomes one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. While radical surgery remains the primary choice for colon cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has significantly improved the successful rate of surgery and increased postoperative survival. In addition to traditional chemotherapy with 5-Fu or oxliplatin, molecular targeted drugs lead to a higher response rate and show its dramatic effect on disease-recurrence time. However some side effects such as disease progression during chemotherapy, bleeding or liver toxicity should be concerned. In addition, indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy do not reach a consensus. In the future, these controversies may be solved based on some large randomized controlled trials.
Colonic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy

This study examined the effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3PUFA) on the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2),toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and some related inflammatory factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with early-stage severe multiple trauma.Thirty-two patients who were admitted to the Department of Traumatic Surgery,Tongji Hospital (Wuhan,China) between May 2010 and November 2010,and diagnosed as having severe multiple trauma with a injury severity score (ISS) no less than 16,were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups at random (n=16 in each):ω-3PUFA group and control group in which routine parenteral nutrition supplemented with ω-3PUFA or not was administered to the patients in two groups for consecutive 7 days.Peripheral blood from these patients was collected within 2 h of admission (day 0),and 1,3,5 and 7days after the nutritional support.PBMCs were isolated and used for detection of the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 by using real-time PCR and flow cytometry respectively,the levels of NF-κB by quantum dots-based immunofluorescence assay,the levels of TNF-α,IL-2,IL-6 and COX-2 by ELISA,respectively.The results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in PBMCs was significantly lower in ω-3PUFA group than in control group 5 and 7 days after nutrition support (both P＜0.05).The levels of TNF-α,IL-2,IL-6 and COX-2 were found to be substantially decreased in PBMCs in ω-3PUFA group as compared with control group at 5th and 7th day (P＜0.05 for all).It was concluded that ω-3PUFA can remarkably decrease the expression of TLR2,TLR4 and some related inflammatory factors in NF-κB signaling pathway in PBMCs of patients with severe multiple trauma,which suggests that ω-3PUFA may suppress the excessive inflammatory response meditated by the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor LILRB4(ILT3 or CD85k),a member of the immunosuppressive re-ceptor family,is expressed predominantly on the cell membranes of immune cells of myeloid origin,and exerts an immunosuppressive effect in immune regulation by activating either the autoinhibitory motif(ITIM)or by inhibiting Fc receptor activation motif(ITAM).In tumors,activation of LILRB4 receptor generates an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that assists in tumor invasion and metastasis,and in inflammatory diseases,LILRB4 is expressed on a variety of cells,such as monocytes,macrophages,mast cells,etc.,and attenuates inflammatory responses.Currently,LILRB4 has become a therapeutic target for tumors and various inflammatory diseases,and anti-LILRB4 monoclonal antibodies against acute myeloid leukemia(AML)have entered clinical trials.This review dis-cusses LILRB4 in terms of its structural distribution,signaling,therapeutic targets,and new drug development.

OBJECTIVE To preliminary predict and analyze the quality marker(Q-markers)of Platycodonis Radix decoction based on the validity and measurability of traditional Chinese medicine Q-marker. METHODS The fingerprints of 20 batches of Platycodonis Radix samples were established, and the similarity was evaluated. At the same time, a "component-target-pathway" network diagram was constructed through network pharmacology to predict the potential active components of Platycodonis Radix. Mathematical analysis methods such as principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis were used to screen differential components; the content of candidate components were determined. RESULTS There were 19 common peaks in the established fingerprint, and 8 common components were identified as candidate active components for network pharmacology analysis. Network pharmacology indicated that 6 compounds were screened out with a high degree of connectivity. Based on the comprehensive consideration of Q-marker principle:traceability and transmissibility, specificity, efficacy, and measurability, luteolin, syringin, chlorogen acid, platycoside D, platycoside D3 and platycoside E were preliminarily predicted as potential Q-markers of platycodon. CONCLUSION The prediction analysis of Platycodonis Radix Q-marker provides a reference for the comprehensive control of the quality of Platycodonis Radix medicinal materials, and also lays a foundation for the research and exploration of the substance basis and mechanism of action of Platycodonis Radix.