Objective To evaluate the rat brain pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMPP) after intranasal administration.Methods The pharmacokinetic behavior of TMPP in rat brain was investigated after intranasal or intravenous administration (10mg?kg-1) of TMPP.Brain samples were collected by intracerebral microdialysis.The concentration of TMPP in the sample was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed by Das 2.0 pharmacokinetic software.Results The results showed that two administration methods were all fitted to one compartment model.The absorption of TMPP from the nasal cavity to brain was rapid.The concentration-time curve showed a prolonged duration of TMPP concentration in the brain after intranasal administration.AUC0-∞values were (698.26?122.59)?g?min?mL-1 in intranasal group and (446.25?107.44)?g?min?mL-1 in intravenous group,and the difference was significant between the two groups (P

As one of the important indexes for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cardiac output can reflect the state of cardiovascular system timely, and can play a guiding role in the treatment of related diseases. In recent years detection technology of cardiac output has caused great attention, especially minimally invasive and non-invasive methods. In this paper, the principle of non-invasive detection methods and their recent developments are described, and various detection methods are also analyzed.
Cardiac Output ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; diagnosis ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Humans

Objective To study the characteristic of in-vivo nasal mucosa absorption of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate(TMPP) liposome in rats. Methods Nasal circulatory perfusion method in rats was used to study the effects of different circulatory rates and TMPP concentrations on nasal mucosa absorption of TMPP liposome. Nasal mucosa absorption rate constants of TMPP liposomes and TMPP solutions at the same concentration were also compared. Results The absorption rate constant of TMPP liposomes was increased with the increase of circulatory rates at the range of 1.2～2.4 mL/min and with the increase of TMPP concentrations at the range of 0.245～0.98 mg/mL. Both the absorption rate constant and absorbed amount of TMPP for TMPP liposomes were higher than those for TMPP solutions at the same concentration. Conclusion The nasal mucosa absorption of TMPP liposome was complete as compared with that of TMPP solution.

Objective　To discuss the indication and time of preoperative orthodontic treatment for the patients with cleft lip and palate. Methods　16 cleft lip and palate patients (BCLP 6, UCLP 10) with severe cross-bite were selected. Edgewise appliance was used for the alignment and upper arch was expanded with quad-helix. Results　After the orthodontic treatment, upper and lower arches were well aligned and the arch form was normal. Decompensation was achieved. Model surgery revealed that the upper and lower arches were harmonious. Conclusion　Preoperative orthodontic treatment is the key point to ensure the success of the surgery and to prevent relapse. Orthodontic/surgical approach can improve the patients′ profile and function.

Objective: To study the purification of Sini Decoction (SND) with macroporous resin D 101 . Methods: SND was isolated and purified by macroporous resin D 101 . The purification of SND was evaluated by chemical and pharmacological methods. Results: The thin layer chromatograms, high performance liquid chromatograms of the SND purification and those of SND were almost the same; also the SND purification can significantly promote the content of nitric oxide (NO) in serum of mice treated by Metaraminol. Conclusion: The SND purification can keep the active ingredients of SND.

Objective: To study the correlation of pharmacokinetics(PK) and pharmacodynamics(PD) of Sini Decoction (SND) (Radix Aconiti Praeparata, Rhizoma Zingiberis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, etc.) and reveal the compatibility of SND. Methods: Using the drug serums from the same source, we determined the plasma concentration in vivo in dog and the pharmacological effects at the same time inspected by the contents of aconitine type alkaloids and nitric oxide (NO). Results: The data of PK and PD can be both described by one compartment open model with first order absorption in vivo in dog and the parameters of two methods are similar. The results show that the effective fraction of SND gives a prompt and lasting effect in accordance with characteristic function of SND. Conclusion: A good correlation exists in SND of the parameters between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

Objective:To evaluate the association of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1 )polymorphism,smoking and alcohol drinking with oral cancer susceptibility in Asians by meta-analysis.Methods:A literature search of PubMed,Chinese BioMedical, Wanfang,VIP and CNKI databases from inception to July 30th,2013 was conducted.Crude odd ration (OR)with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI)was calculated.Results:27 case-control studies were assessed,and the results showed that the association be-tween GSTM1 null genotype and oral cancer susceptibility was significant in Asians (OR=1.31,95%CI:1.18-1.45,P<0.001), especially in South Asians (OR=1.35,95%CI:1.20 -1.52,P<0.001).Significant associations between oral cancer risk and smoking and alcohol drinking were found in East Asians (Smoking:OR=1.70,95%CI:1.36 -2.13,P<0.001;Alcohol drink-ing:OR=1.54,95%CI:1.24 -1.90,P<0.001).Conclusion:GSTM1 null genotype may be associated with increased oral cancer risk in Asians.Smoking and alcohol drinking confer significant susceptibility to oral cancer in East Asians.

Objective To detect the in-vitro recovery of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate (TMPP) in microdialysis probe and to study its stability. Methods The recovery of TMPP was detected by concentration difference method (increment method and decrement method ). The effect of flow rates and concentrations on recovery was studied. Results The recovery detected by increment method was as the same as that detected by decrement method; TMPP recovery was independent of TMPP concentration in the external medium. TMPP recovery had good stability. Conclusion Microdialysis sampling can be used for the pharmacokinetic study of TMPP and decrement method (ie. retrodialysis) can be used for the determination of TMPP recovery.

Objective To investigate the quality of life in young patients with hemodialysis and influencing factors .Methods Totally 128 young patients aged 18-44 years old with maintenance hemodialysis were performed the questionnaire investigation by using the self‐designed demographic information questionnaire ,Medical Outcomes Study Health Status Short Form (SF‐36) , Herth Hope Index(HHI)and Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS) .Results The mean total score of physical health in the hemodial‐ysis young patients was (202 .49 ± 53 .94) points and the mean total score of mental health was (190 .85 ± 77 .81) points .In the va‐rious dimensional scores of living quality ,the scores of physical functioning and bodily pain were highest ,while the scores of physi‐cal function and emotional function were lowest ,moreover the scores of various dimensions were lower the the national norm (P<0 .01) .The multiple regression analysis showed that the quality of life was significantly correlated with hope level ,social support and economic condition ,which could explained 62 .8% of living quality variation amount .Conclusion The quality of life in hemodi‐alysis young patients needs to be improved .The medical care workers formulate the intervention measures ,meanwhile should pay attention to enchance patients′hope leve and social support .At the same time it is appealed that the government helps to solve the patients′economic problem in order to better improve their living quality and promote them return to society .

ObjectiveTo investigate the curative effect of neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation combined with monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside (GMi) in treatment of acute spinal cord injury in rats.MethodsCompressive spinal cord injury model at T8 segment was established in the adult SD rats that were then randomly divided into three groups, ie, control group, NSCs transplantation group and NSCs + GM1 group.Continuous observation was performed at 1,2, 4 and 8 weeks.Functional neurological recovery of the injured spinal cord was evaluated with motor function scale, pathology, transmission electron microscopy and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP).ResultsThe motor function of the lower extremities was recovered at different degrees in three groups.While the motor function recovery level of the animals and the positive staining cells of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the NSCs + GM1 group were higher than those in the other two groups at 4 and 8 weeks (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with control group and NSCs group, focal necrosis and small vessel regeneration were observed only in the center of the injured segment in the NSCs + GM1 group at 8 weeks.Electron microscope scan showed edema under the membrane of the large myelin sheath in the control group, much intact myelin sheath, well-differentiated neurons and many kinds of synapse vesicles in the NSCs + GM1 group.The latent period of SEP was shortened markedly in the NSCs + GM1 group two weeks after transplantation (P ＜0.05).The latent period shortening was apparent in the NSCs group at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation but was still longer than that in the control group.ConclusionsTransplantation of neural stem cells combined with use of GM1 can protect the nervous tissues after spinal cord injury, when GM1 reconstructs the spinal cord through promoting differentiation of the transplanted stem cells and linking with the host cells.