Objective To discuss the influence on cerebral oxygen balance and metabolism of propofol target controlled infusion induced tracheal intubation in patients with laparoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 96 patients with gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were selected from January 2012 to October 2013.All patients were in propofol target controlled infusion anesthesia induction downward internal jugular vein retrograde through jugular vein ball tube,radial artery catheter.According to propofol target controlled infusion target concentrations,96 patients were divided into A group (32 cases,3 μ g/ml),B group (33 cases,5 μμg/ml) and C group (31 cases,7 μg/ml).Hemodynamic and Nacotrend index (NI) change were monitored in the process of surgery patients,with internal jugular vein and radial artery blood at pre-induction (To),intubation (T1),30 min after intubation (T2) and the end of the operation (T3) were detected and arterial blood oxygen saturation (PaO2),arterial oxygen content (CaO2),internal jugular vein ball blood oxygen saturation (SjvO2),internal jugular vein ball blood oxygen partial pressure (PjvO2) at different time points were compared among three groups.Artery-internal jugular vein ball low blood oxygen of components (Da-jvO2),brain oxygen uptake rate (CEO2),poor lactic acid content (Da-jvL) were calculated.Results The systolic blood pressure,heart rate and NI at T1,T2 was lower than that at To in three groups,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05),but there was significant difference in NI at T1,T2 among three groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with T0,PaO2,PjvO2,SjvO2 and CaO2 at T1-T3 in three groups were increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),and the highest was C group,and then B group and A group.In the process of propofol target controlled infusion,Da-jvO2,CEO2 and Da-jvL showed a trend of gradual decline,Da-jvL decline highest significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Propofol target controlled infusion induced endotracheal intubation can decrease the laparoscopic surgery in patients with cerebral oxygen metabolism and the brain tissue of ischemia hypoxia tolerance,but will not lead to cerebral oxygen supply and demand imbalance,and 7 μ g/ml concentration of propofol anesthesia effect is the best.

Autologous cells of bone, cartilage, intervertebral disc and tendon, are hard to be cultured and proliferate in vitro and thus have difficulty to be introduced in the repair of damaged tissue. Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into many tissue types. Recent progress in stem cell research has led to an enthusiastic effort to utilize stem cells for orthopaedic tissue regeneration. Due to the abundance and easiness of harvest, adipose-derived mesenchymal celI(ASC) is an attractive, readily available aduh stem cell that has become increasingly popular for use in stem cell and tissue engineering applications. This review focuses on the use of ASC in orthopaedic tissue repair. Recent results from in vivo defect repair utilizing ASC suggested the great potential of ACS in clinical orthopaedic tissue regeneration.

Objective:This experiment aims to find a appropriate scaffold for Tissue Engineer- ing.Methods:The chondrocytes were cultured when they were seeded onto PGA+PLA scaffolds coat- ing with Lecithin(LEC)and Poly-l-lysine(PLYS)together and respectively.With light microscope and scanning electron microscope,the observation of the scaffolds in hydrophilia and adsorptivity to chondrocytes and the function of the cells was made.Results:The PGA scaffolds coating with LEC and PLYS have better hydrophilia and adsorptivity to the cells;on which the chodrocytes produce more ma- trices.Conclusion:LEC can chang the hydrophilia of the scaffolds;while PLYS can strengthen the ad- sorptivity of the scaffolds;the PGA coating with LEC and PLYS is an ideal scaffold in Tissue Engineer- ing.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of two ingredients in indometacin and furazolidone suppositories.Methods: The analysis was performed on an XTerra(R) RP18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution of methanol and 0.01 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate-triethylamine (100∶0.02) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1.The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 263 nm.The injection volume was 10 μl.Results: The peaks of furazolidone and indometacin were successfully separated.The linear range of calibration curves was 5.12-81.87 μg·ml-1 (r =1.0000) and 3.78-60.45 μg·ml-1 (r =1.0000), respectively.The average recovey was 99.6% (RSD =1.5%, n =6) and 100.3% (RSD =1.6%, n =6), respectively.The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.02 μg·ml-1 and 0.05 μg·ml-1, respectively.Conclusion: The established method is validated to be suitable for the quality control of indometacin and furazolidone suppositories.

Objective To detect the effect of deep hypothermia on the function of mitochondria in hippocampus after global ischemia in rats and to explore the protection mechanism. Methods The animal model of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established in rats that were then randomly divided into three groups,ie,control group,normothermia ischemia group and hypothermia ischemia group,eight rats per group.The mitochondria was extracted from the hippocampus of each rats for observing the mitochondrial respiratory function,the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH),the cytochrome oxidese(CCO),the lnembrane fluidity and the content of intramitochondria free calcium and MDA. Resuits The content of intramitochondria free calcium and MDA in the normothermia ischemia group was increased significantly compared to the control group and that in the hypothermia ischemia group wag decreased significantly compared with the normothermia ischemia group(P<0.05).Respiratory state Ⅲ (R3),respiratory state IV(R4),P/O ratio and oxidative phosphorylation (OPR) in the normothermia ischemia group were decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.05).R3,R4,P/O ratio and OPR in the hypothermia ischemia group were increased significantly compared with the normothermia ischemia group (P<0.05).Membrane fluidity in the normothermia ischemia group wag decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.01),while that in the hypothermia ischemia group was increased significantly compared with the normothermia ischemia group(P<0.05).The activities of SDH and CCO in the normothermia ischemia group were decreased significantly compared to the control group (P<0.01),while those in the hypothermia ischemia group were increased significantly compared with the normothermia ischemia group (P<0.05). Conclusion Profound hypothermia exerts a protective effect on the function of mitochondria in the hippocampus after global ischemia in rats.

BACKGROUND: There are plentful studies about bioreactor of tissue engineering of blood vessel, tendon, cartilage, heart valve,trachea, bladder and stern cell. OBJECTIVE: To construct small-sized tissue-engineerad blood vessels with human bone marrow stromal stem cells (hBMSCs) in improved bioreactor system.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The single sample observation stuay was performed at the School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science&Technology, and Shanghai Tissue Engineering Research & Development Center from June 2005 to March 2008.MATERIALS: Vessel bioreactor was self-made by East China University of Science&Technology. hBMSCs were harvested from healthy volunteers. METHODS: A set of support bracket constructing tissue engineered blood vessels with the diameter of 2 mm was designed with the application of Finite Element Methods as an analysis method analyzing support bracket of tissue engineered small-sized blood vessel. Primary hBMSCs were first Collected and further cultivated exvivo. The third passage cultured cells were then seeded on the polyglycolic acid (PGA) to fabricate the cell-scaffold composite. Subsequently, this composite was subjected to dynamical culture in the blood vessel bioreactor. After cultured for 4 weeks, the composite was removed from the bioreactor.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following mentioned references were measured: composite growth; other correlation detection of the hBMSCs-PGA composite, RESULTS: Gross observation and scanning electron microscope were used at4 weeks after hBMSCs-PGA composite culture. It was observed that the tissue-engineered blood vessel had a bright color and certain elasticity. The blood vessel could rebound to its odginal shape after repeated press by the forceps.The secreted collagen matrix arrayed orderly around the cells and smooth muscle elastic acttn could also be detected in the formed tissues using immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: The in vivo mechanics conditions of blood vessels can be simulated using the current blood vessel bioreactor system. Using hBMSCs, the construction of tissue engineered small-sized blood vessels can be successfully achieved.

BACKGROUND:Pain after arthroscopic treatment can not only affect the patient’s life quality, and is not
conducive to the early reasonable exercise and functional recovery of the patients after treatment. Up to 2012, there are 18 randomized placebo-control ed trials on intra-articular injection of bupivacaine for analgesia after arthroscopic surgery, but the results are different.
OBJECTIVE:To examine the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection of bupivacaine in the management of pain after arthroscopic surgery through randomized placebo-control ed trials.
METHODS:The MEDLINE database, Cochrane Central Register and Google Scholar database were retrieved for the randomized control ed trials on intra-articular injection of bupivacaine in the management of pain after
arthroscopic surgery up to April 2012. The key words were“bupivacaine, intra-articular, arthroscopic, postoperative pain, placebo”.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Eighteen studies (n=934) were included (461 cases in bupivacaine group and 473
cases in the placebo control group). The Meta-analysis results showed the visual analog scale score of the bupivacaine group was lower than that of the placebo control group (weighted mean difference:-1.39, 95%confidence interval:-2.17 to-0.61, P<0.000 01), and the number of patients required supplementary analgesia was less than the placebo control group (relative risk:0.84, 95%confidence interval:0.62 to 1.66, P=0.010). The time from first supplementary analgesia to postoperative intra-articular injection in the bupivacaine group was longer that in the placebo control group (weighted
mean difference:157.72, 95%confidence interval:16.43 to 299.01, P<0.000 01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effect between two groups (relative risk:0.64, 95%confidence interval:0.29 to 1.44, P=0.48). On the basis of the currently available literature, the intra-articular of bupivacaine after arthroscopic surgery can significantly relieve pain without increasing the adverse reactions when compared with the placebo control group.

High extracellular potassium can induce spreading depression-like depolarizations, elevations of extracellular glutamate and even neuronal death in normal brain. To investigate the contribution of high potassium in vivo, a microelectrode arrays ( MEAs ) probe integrated with recording sites for glutamate concentration (50í150 μm) and local field potential ( LFP) ( diameter=15 μm) was fabricated by Micro-electro-mechanical-systems ( MEMS) technologies. We implanted the MEA probe acutely in the rat brain and exposed the brain to a high potassium solution. During these multi-modal recordings, it was observed that high potassium elevated extracellular glutamate while suppressing the LFP irreversibly. This is one of the first studies in which a dual mode MEA probes is applied in vivo for neuronal death, and it is concluded that our MEA probes are capable of examining specific spatiotemporal relationships between electrical and chemical signaling in the brain.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of memantine on isofluane￣induced decrease of proliferation in neural stem cells ( NSCs) and the potential mechanisms in vitro. Methods Neural stem cells were isolated from rat hippocampi (postnatal day 1) and grew in culture. Cultured NSCs were randomly divided into the control ( Group Control), Vehicle (Group Vehicle), Isoflurane ( Group Iso), Isoflurane +Memantine ( Group Iso +Mem) and Isoflurane + Memantine +LY294002 groups (Group Iso+Mem+LY).Proliferation was assessed by cell counting and BrdU incorporation.Western blot was conducted to detect protein expression of phospho￣Akt. Results Compared with the control group,BrdU incorporation and phospho￣Akt expressions in neural stem cells significantly declined after 2.4% isoflurane exposure for 6 h (P<0.01).However, isofluane￣induced decrease of BrdU incorporation and phospho￣Akt expressions was attenuated by the treatments of memantine (P<0.01)). It was showed that Akt inhibitors LY294002 reversed the protective effects on neural stem cells proliferation by memantine(P<0.01). Conclusion The results suggest that memantine treatment might attenuate isofluane￣induced decrease of proliferation in neural stem cells via Akt signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:Progressive fracture of the cartilage is considered the characteristic lesion in later osteoarthritis, the expression of osteoarthritis-related factors such as hyaluronic acid, osteopontin and CD44 in osteoarthritic cartilage is increased.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of hyaluronic acid on the expression of osteopontin mRNA and CD44 mRNA of chondrocytes in the in vitro cultured chondrocytes of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
METHODThe cartilage samples obtained from osteoarthritic patients were cultured and purified into acquire chondrocytes in vitro, and the cells were divided into three groupblank control group, hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) group and hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) group. After 48 hours of cellculture, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the expression of CD44 mRNA and osteopontin mRNA. The difference of the expression levels before and after the intervention of hyaluronic acid was compared and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group, hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) upregulated osteopontin mRNA expression in the chondrocytes, hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) also reduced osteopontin mRNA expression in the chondrocytes. The CD44 mRNA expression in the chondrocytes of hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) group and hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) group was lower than that in the blank control group. Hyaluronic acid can upregulate the expression of the osteopontin mRNA expression in the osteoarthritic chondrocytes;the biphasic effects of hyaluronic acid on CD44 mRNA expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes might be associated with the molecule weight of hyaluronic acid.