Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterized by high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and abundant infiltration of non-malignant lymphocytes, which renders patients potentially suitable candidates for immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC) inhibit the growth of NPC cells and enhance cellular apoptosis and differentiation. Currently, the relationship between PLUNC (as a tumor-suppressor) and PD-L1 in NPC is unclear. Methods: We collected clinical samples of NPC to verify the relationship between PLUNC and PD-L1. PLUNC plasmid was transfected into NPC cells, and the variation of PD-L1 was verified by western blot and immunofluorescence. In NPC cells, we verified the relationship of PD-L1, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and β-catenin by western blot and immunofluorescence. Later, we further verified that PLUNC regulates PD-L1 through β-catenin. Finally, the effect of PLUNC on β-catenin was verified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Results: We found that PLUNC expression was lower in NPC tissues than in paracancer tissues. PD-L1 expression was opposite to that of PLUNC. Western blot and immunofluorescence showed that β-catenin could upregulate ATF3 and PD-L1, while PLUNC could downregulate ATF3/PD-L1 by inhibiting the expression of β-catenin. PLUNC inhibits the entry of β-catenin into the nucleus. Co-IP experiments demonstrated that PLUNC inhibited the interaction of DEAD-box helicase 17 (DDX17) and β-catenin. Conclusions PLUNC downregulates the expression of PD-L1 by inhibiting the interaction of DDX17/β-catenin in NPC.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterized by high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and abundant infiltration of non-malignant lymphocytes, which renders patients potentially suitable candidates for immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC) inhibit the growth of NPC cells and enhance cellular apoptosis and differentiation. Currently, the relationship between PLUNC (as a tumor-suppressor) and PD-L1 in NPC is unclear. Methods: We collected clinical samples of NPC to verify the relationship between PLUNC and PD-L1. PLUNC plasmid was transfected into NPC cells, and the variation of PD-L1 was verified by western blot and immunofluorescence. In NPC cells, we verified the relationship of PD-L1, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and β-catenin by western blot and immunofluorescence. Later, we further verified that PLUNC regulates PD-L1 through β-catenin. Finally, the effect of PLUNC on β-catenin was verified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Results: We found that PLUNC expression was lower in NPC tissues than in paracancer tissues. PD-L1 expression was opposite to that of PLUNC. Western blot and immunofluorescence showed that β-catenin could upregulate ATF3 and PD-L1, while PLUNC could downregulate ATF3/PD-L1 by inhibiting the expression of β-catenin. PLUNC inhibits the entry of β-catenin into the nucleus. Co-IP experiments demonstrated that PLUNC inhibited the interaction of DEAD-box helicase 17 (DDX17) and β-catenin. Conclusions PLUNC downregulates the expression of PD-L1 by inhibiting the interaction of DDX17/β-catenin in NPC.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is characterized by high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and abundant infiltration of non-malignant lymphocytes, which renders patients potentially suitable candidates for immune checkpoint blockade therapies. Palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC) inhibit the growth of NPC cells and enhance cellular apoptosis and differentiation. Currently, the relationship between PLUNC (as a tumor-suppressor) and PD-L1 in NPC is unclear. Methods: We collected clinical samples of NPC to verify the relationship between PLUNC and PD-L1. PLUNC plasmid was transfected into NPC cells, and the variation of PD-L1 was verified by western blot and immunofluorescence. In NPC cells, we verified the relationship of PD-L1, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), and β-catenin by western blot and immunofluorescence. Later, we further verified that PLUNC regulates PD-L1 through β-catenin. Finally, the effect of PLUNC on β-catenin was verified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Results: We found that PLUNC expression was lower in NPC tissues than in paracancer tissues. PD-L1 expression was opposite to that of PLUNC. Western blot and immunofluorescence showed that β-catenin could upregulate ATF3 and PD-L1, while PLUNC could downregulate ATF3/PD-L1 by inhibiting the expression of β-catenin. PLUNC inhibits the entry of β-catenin into the nucleus. Co-IP experiments demonstrated that PLUNC inhibited the interaction of DEAD-box helicase 17 (DDX17) and β-catenin. Conclusions PLUNC downregulates the expression of PD-L1 by inhibiting the interaction of DDX17/β-catenin in NPC.

Based on the etiology and clinical diagnostic criteria of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）， identification and typing of treatment from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine， the criteria for evaluating the clinical compatibility of traditional Chinese and western medicine in animal models of T2DM were set up. The literature was reviewed to sort out and analyze the existing commonly used modeling methods， summarize the mechanism， compare the advantages and disadvantages， and calculate the consistency between the animal model and the clinical symptoms， syndromes， and indicators from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine. The authors found that spontaneous animal models and high-fat diets combined with multiple low-dose streptozotocin （STZ） induction models were more in line with modern medical pathogenesis of T2DM. However， it fails to form some special syndromes required for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） research. In addition， there are many methods of combining the etiology and pathogenesis of TCM， which can be divided into three categories： intervention carried out by drug administration， behavioral stimulation， or environmental changes according to TCM， or use of hormones according to clinical evidence and combination of the two methods mentioned above. All of them can successfully establish different types of animal models. However， different methods of establishing syndrome models have their own advantages and disadvantages， and there is no unified standard for the stability and evaluation of syndrome models. As for the clinical consistency criteria of traditional Chinese and western medicine established in this paper， the animal model with 100% consistency has not been calculated due to the conditions of incomplete symptoms and syndromes described in the studies and different selection indicators. Consequently， the establishment of a simple， easy-to-use， and affordable T2DM animal model with both traditional Chinese and western medicine disease characteristics and the improvement of the Chinese and western medicine evaluation system for different evidence types are of great significance for the future development of TCM research on T2DM.

Based on the etiology and clinical diagnostic criteria of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）， identification and typing of treatment from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine， the criteria for evaluating the clinical compatibility of traditional Chinese and western medicine in animal models of T2DM were set up. The literature was reviewed to sort out and analyze the existing commonly used modeling methods， summarize the mechanism， compare the advantages and disadvantages， and calculate the consistency between the animal model and the clinical symptoms， syndromes， and indicators from the perspective of traditional Chinese and western medicine. The authors found that spontaneous animal models and high-fat diets combined with multiple low-dose streptozotocin （STZ） induction models were more in line with modern medical pathogenesis of T2DM. However， it fails to form some special syndromes required for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） research. In addition， there are many methods of combining the etiology and pathogenesis of TCM， which can be divided into three categories： intervention carried out by drug administration， behavioral stimulation， or environmental changes according to TCM， or use of hormones according to clinical evidence and combination of the two methods mentioned above. All of them can successfully establish different types of animal models. However， different methods of establishing syndrome models have their own advantages and disadvantages， and there is no unified standard for the stability and evaluation of syndrome models. As for the clinical consistency criteria of traditional Chinese and western medicine established in this paper， the animal model with 100% consistency has not been calculated due to the conditions of incomplete symptoms and syndromes described in the studies and different selection indicators. Consequently， the establishment of a simple， easy-to-use， and affordable T2DM animal model with both traditional Chinese and western medicine disease characteristics and the improvement of the Chinese and western medicine evaluation system for different evidence types are of great significance for the future development of TCM research on T2DM.

AIM: To analyze the reasons and clinical outcomes of intraocular lens(IOL)exchange.METHODS:This retrospective case series study included 47 patients(53 eyes)who underwent IOL exchange surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between April 2020 and May 2024, aged from 5 to 87(44.8±3.6)years old. Patients' demographics, surgical indications, surgical techniques, preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), as well as postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS:The reasons for IOL exchange included refractive error(18 cases, 23 eyes, 43%), IOL dislocation(12 cases, 13 eyes, 25%), IOL opacification(12 cases, 12 eyes, 23%), neuroadaptation failure(3 cases, 3 eyes, 6%), and patient dissatisfaction with visual quality(2 cases, 2 eyes, 4%). The surgical techniques for IOL exchange included in-the-bag IOL fixation(16 eyes, 30%), ciliary sulcus fixation(27 eyes, 51%), and scleral suture fixation(10 eyes, 19%). There was statistical significant difference between preoperative UCVA(LogMAR)and UCVA(LogMAR)at 1 d postoperatively(1.03±0.64 vs 0.50±0.46, P<0.05), and there was statistical significant difference between preoperative BCVA(LogMAR)and BCVA(LogMAR)at 1 mo postoperatively(0.41±0.37 vs 0.17±0.21, P<0.05). Postoperative complications included posterior capsule opacification in 2 eyes and IOL dislocation in 1 eye.CONCLUSION:Refractive error, IOL dislocation, and IOL opacification were the three most common reasons for IOL exchange. Although less frequent, factors such as neuroadaptation issues associated with multifocal IOLs and patient-reported visual quality dissatisfaction reflect growing expectations for improved visual outcomes. IOL exchange surgery, though technically challenging, demonstrates favorable clinical efficacy and a low complication rate, representing an effective intervention for managing postoperative IOL-related issues following cataract surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical effect of the L-shape technique combined with concentrated growth factor on the horizontal bone defects of maxillary anterior teeth. METHODS: Twenty-five implants from 25 patients who underwent single maxillary anterior tooth implantation with simultaneous bone grafting were selected as the study subjects. Based on the bone grafting techniques, the patients were divided into a test group (L-shaped technique with guided bone regeneration combined with concentrated growth factor, 11 cases) and a control group (traditional guided bone regeneration combined with concentrated growth factor, 14 cases). The early discomfort and wound healing conditions in the two groups at two weeks after surgery were compared. The horizontal bone thickness, vertical bone thickness, and grayscale values in the augmentation area were measured immediately postsurgery and six months after surgery. Implant stability, hard tissue resorption within six months, and grayscale values were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Differences in early discomfort, wound healing, implant stability, and grayscale values between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Vertical bone thickness in the test group was significantly better than that in the control group at six months after surgery (P<0.05). The variation in horizontal bone thickness in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The application of the L-shape technique with concentrated growth factor for horizontal bone defects in the anterior maxillary area yielded satisfactory short-term results in terms of bone augmentation, early discomfort, wound healing, and implant stability at six months after surgery.
Humans ; Maxilla/diagnostic imaging* ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/therapeutic use* ; Wound Healing ; Bone Transplantation/methods* ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods* ; Bone Regeneration ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Middle Aged

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of immediate implantation of single maxil-lary central incisor and explore factors affecting post-implant bone volume.Methods Clinical data and imaging records from pre-surgery,the day of surgery,and 6 months post-surgery of 100 patients(100 implants)with non-salvageable maxillary central incisors who underwent immediate implantation were collected.Bone thickness at the cervical,middle,and apical regions of the implant's labial and palatal sides were measured immediately post-surgery and at 6 months,and bone volume changes were observed.A regression analysis model was used to assess predictive factors for labial and pal-atal bone plate thickness.Results At 6 months post-surgery,the labial bone thicknesses at the cervical,middle,and api-cal regions were 2.35,2.29,and 3.28 mm,respectively,and those of the palatal side were 0.00,2.40,and 6.05 mm,re-spectively.The cervical region had the highest alveolar crest collapse rates,with 32.87%on the labial side and 62.20%on the palatal side.The regression model indicated that factors influencing the thickness of bone at the cervical labial side of the implant included initial bone thickness,the implant center to adjacent tooth center angle,implant diameter,and the type of implant closure(P<0.05).The initial bone thickness on the palatal side was the sole predictor for bone thickness on the palatal side(P<0.05).Conclusion Immediate implantation of single maxillary central incisors yields effective clinical results.The thickness of new bone around the implant is influenced by multiple factors.A comprehensive consideration of these factors in the plan-ning of immediate implantation is necessary to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the safety and feasibility of endoscopic thyroidectomy by gasless trans subclavian approach (ETGTA) in treatment of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) .Methods:The clinical data of 148 patients with PTC radical operation admitted to the Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine from Jul. 2020 to May. 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into subclavian approach group (53 cases) and modified miccoli group (95 cases) according to different surgical approaches. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, postoperative drainage flow, postoperative drainage days, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications and cosmetic satisfaction were recorded in the 2 groups. Statistical software was used to analyze the results, including t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 test, etc. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:There were no significant differences in age, sex ratio, maximum diameter, stage, tumor lesion or surgical method between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative drainage days increased in the subclavian group than in the modified miccoli group (4.57±2.45 vs. 2.98±1.07) ( P<0.01), but there was no statistical difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, or postoperative hospital stay between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of swallowing discomfort at 1 month [5.6% (3/53) vs. 18.9% (18/95), P=0.04] and 3 months [0% (0/53) vs. 7.4% (7/95) , P=0.04], anterior cervical area tightness or stiffness at 1 month [0% (0/53) vs. 11.6% (11/95), P=0.01] and 3 months [0% (0/53) vs. 8.4% (8/95), P=0.03] were less than that of the modified miccoli group, and the difference was statistically significant (4.1±0.7 vs. 2.4±0.8) ( P<0.01), and the cosmetic satisfaction of the subclavian approach was higher than that of the modified miccoli group ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in postoperative temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, postoperative 3d neck pain, postoperative hand-foot numbness or postoperative hematoma between the two groups (all P>0.05) . Conclusion:The radical resection of papillary thyroid carcinoma without inflatable subclavicular approach is safe and feasible, with few postoperative complications and better cosmetic effect, which is worth popularizing.

Preliminary exploration of using ultrasound to quantitatively evaluate the development of epiphyseal cartilage and analyze its correlation with bone age, based on the ultrasound findings of the long bone joint end.