Aiming at local field potential, the present paper introduces a method of estimating lag of neuron activities between brain areas based on windowed Harmonic wavelet transform (WHWT). Firstly, the WHWT of signals of two brain areas are calculated. Secondly, the instantaneous amplitude of the signals is calculated and finally, these amplitudes are cross-correlated and the lag at which the cross-correlation peak occurs is determined as the lag of neurons activities. Comparing with amplitude cross-correlation based on Gabor wavelet transform (GWT) or Hilbert transform (HT), this method is more precise and efficient in estimating the directionality and lag.
Brain ; physiology ; Humans ; Neurons ; physiology ; Wavelet Analysis

Microsatellite instability(MSI)was defined according to the frequency of positive findings in a panel of MSI markers.High frequency MSI(MSI-H)was the phenotype in which repeat sequences were extraordinarily unstable, and was considered to be the bona fide phenotype of DNA mismatch repair defection. However base substitutions in some well studied oncogenes or tumor suppressors were reported to be uncommon in MSI-H tumors. To explore this obvious contradiction, the relationship between MSI and KRAS gene mutations were studied in a panel of 76 human colorectal carcinomas, the whole exon of MLH1 and MSH2 were sequenced for MSI-H tumors. KRAS gene mutation was confirmed by similar frequencies in tumors of different MSI status. Intriguingly, all of the KRAS mutant MSI-H tumors harbored sequence alterations in MLH1gene, which was a key player in DNA mismatch repair system. This implied that in MSI-H tumors carrying MMR mutations, KRAS mutation were frequently and almost exclusively occurred. Furthermore, these MMR mutants were uniformly carrying a unique modification + jumping type MSI, which was different to MSI-H tumors without MLH1 or MSH2 gene mutations. This study shaded lights on the heterogeneity of MSI-H tumors, and implied the connection between modification type MSI and DNA mismatch defection.

Objective High frequency microsatellite instability(MSI-H)was considered to be the phenotype of DNA mismatch repair(MMR)deficiency.However,a contradiction was noticed that p53 mutation is reposed to be extremely rare in MSI-H tumors.The aim of the current study was to confirm and try to explain this a phenomenon.We have demonstrated a direct link between MMR model and"modification"type MSI,and suggested the new categorization system of MSI by quantification of MSI profile.Based on this categorization system we studied the relationship between MSI and mutation of p53 oncogene in colorectal cancer.Methods A series of 180 sporadic colorectal cancer cases were investigated for their microsatellite status and p53 mutations.High resolution fluorescent microsatellite instability analysis assay and direct sequencing were employed in this study.Results Two definite patterns of microsatellite instability were confirmed,i.e."modification" type and "jumping" type MSI. In colorectal cancer,low frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-L)cases all showed pure"modification"type,while"jumping"type MSI changes were confirmed in all MSI-H cases.MSI-H was related with proximal tumor location and poorly differentiated.p53 mutation rate was more frequent in well differentiated tumors.Interestingly.MSI-L tumor showed a 40% mutation rate which is similar with MSS tumor 41%,however,in MSI-H tumors no p53 mutation was confirmed.Conclusions We confirm in human colorectal cancers,the"modification"type MSI might be connected with MMR defection.The mechanism underlying MSI-H phenotype was supposed to be other than MMR deficiency.

The local field potentials (LFPs) underlying specific behavior were recorded and analyzed in this paper from primary motor cortex (M1) with several medium, such as the self-made single channel micro-electrodes, the system of multi-channels physiological signal acquisition and processing and so on. During the experiment, the specific behavior was divided into four periods according to the changes of the recorded LFPs and the changes of the specific behavior recorded simultaneously in rats. The four periods were named prophase of catching period, planning period, catching period and the completion period, respectively. Then several methods were used for the analysis of the LFPs by MATLAB, such as time domain analysis, power spectral distribution analysis and time-frequency analysis. The results suggested that the LFPs which were caused by different behavior from a large number of movement-related neurons of M1 during the specific behavior in the process of catching play an important part in the "code" guiding role in rats. The results demonstrat that the LFPs of M1 may provide a feasibility to discriminate the motor behavior of forelimb.
Animals ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; physiology ; Male ; Microelectrodes ; Motor Cortex ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Internal contamination of radionuclides in the event of nuclear emergencies can lead to serious harm to human health. The research and development of radionuclide chelating agents and the application of new technologies can reduce the internal damage caused by radionuclides. Compared with traditional preparations, the nano-preparations have the advantages of improving drug dissolution, targeting and positioning drug release, and easily passing through biofilm barrier. In recent years, many scholars have used different nano-preparation forms for different decorporation drugs, including nanoparticles, nano-liposomes, nano-emulsions, etc., to conduct related research in order to achieve better clinical application effects. Nanomaterials with excellent properties have the advantages of high efficiency, rapid adsorption and high biocompatibility, etc., and have been used more and more widely in radionuclide decorporation. In this paper, combined with the relevant literatures at home and abroad, the internal contamination of radionuclides is classified according to nuclide-deposited sites of tissues and organs, and the applications of related nanoformulations and nanomaterials in radionuclide decorporation are introduced in order to provide reference for further research.

Objective To study the effect of age and sex on physiological and biochemical indexes of SJ5-SPF chickens at the age of different weeks. Methods Blood biochemical indexes of SJ5-SPF chickens at the age of different weeks were measured using an automatic blood analyzer, including 19 items: ALT, ALP, GGT, AST, LDH, TP, GLB, ALB, TB, DB, IBIL, GLU, TG, TCH, BUN, CRE, K+, Na+, and Ca2+. At the same time, the body temperature (T), respiratory frequency (R), heart rate (HR), diastolic pressure (DBP) and systolic pressure (SBP) of the SJ5-SPF chickens were measured using a RM6240C multi-channel physiological signal acquisition and processing system. Results (1) Among the physiological parameters, the body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure showed significant differences between the 4-week old chickens and the chickens at ages of 20, 25, and 25 weeks (P ＜ 0. 05), but there were significant differences between the males and females at the same weeks of age except body temperature. The diastolic blood pressure was only significantly different in the 40-week old male and female chickens (P ＜ 0. 01). The heart rates showed significant differences between the male and female chickens at 4, 20 and 25 weeks of age (P ＜ 0. 01). The respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure in the 4-week old male and female chickens were significantly different (P ＜ 0. 05). (2) The 19 blood biochemical indexes showed significant differences between the male and female chickens: the GGT, ALT, AST, TB, DB, IBIL, GLU, BUN and Na+at an week-age (P＜ 0. 05), the LDH, TP, GLB, ALB and CRE at two different week-ages (P＜ 0. 05), the ALP, TG and Ca2+at three different week-ages (P＜ 0. 05), and the TCH and K+at four different week-ages (P＜ 0. 05). Conclusions The above results can provide a scientific basis for diagnosis of SJ5-SPF chicken disease, animal quarantine and other related research.

Recording and extracting characteristic brain signals in freely moving animals is the basic and significant requirement in the study of brain-computer interface (BCI). To record animal's behaving and extract characteristic brain signals simultaneously could help understand the complex behavior of neural ensembles. Here, a system was established to record and analyse extracellular discharge in freely moving rats for the study of BCI. It comprised microelectrode and micro-driver assembly, analog front end (AFE), programmer system on chip (PSoC), wireless communication and the LabVIEW used as the platform for the graphic user interface.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; physiology ; Brain ; physiology ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Microelectrodes ; Rats ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Telemetry ; instrumentation ; User-Computer Interface

significantly save the time of diagnosis and facilitate the clinical application of large samples.

Objective To investigate the expression of NADPH oxidase Nox-4 induced by stress in gastric mucosa and its role in inflammation.Methods Twenty male SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into chronic restraint stress group(stress group) and control group.Stress mice were restrained in selfmade restraint device for 2 hours each day.The rest of the time,the mice in the two groups had free access to food and water normally,experiment lasted 14 days.The histopathological changes of gastric mucosa were assessed by HE staining under light microscope.The expression of Nox-4 in gastric mucosa of mice was carried out by immunohistochemical method.The relative expression levels of Nox-4,antioxidant protein (Mn-SOD,GSH,Catalase) and inflammatory factors(IL-8,IL-1β,TNF-α) in gastric mucosa were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA.Results Basal cell proliferation,neutrophil,eosinophil and plasma cell infiltration and inflammatory changes were observed in the lamina propria and glandular epithelium of stress mice,while no obvious abnormalities were found in control mice.The expression of Nox-4 in stress group was deeper and more abundant than that in control group,mainly expressed in lamina propria and glandular epithelium.The mRNA expression levels of Nox-4 in gastric mucosa of stress group was(2.42±0.51) times higher than that of control group,and blood concentration of stress group was(2.23±0.67) times higher than that of control group(t=-46.32,P＜0.001).The RT-PCR of antioxidant proteins in gastric mucosa showed that the transcription levels of Mn SOD,GSH and Catalase in stress group were significantly lower than that of control group (Mn-SOD:0.59± 0.10,GSH:0.58± 0.11,Catalase:0.57± 0.09),and there were significant differences between the two groups(t=13.57,11.67,15.01,P＜0.01).RT-PCR results showed that the transcription levels of IL-8,IL-1β,TNF-α in stress group were significantly higher than those in control group (IL-8:1.47±0.34,IL-1β:1.48 ± 0.42,TNF-α:1.51 ± 0.37),and there were significant differences in two groups(t=-18.45,-19.14,-20.85,P＜0.01).ELISA results showed that the serum levels of inflammatory factors in stress group were significantly higher than those in control group(2.25±0.37,3.59±0.45,3.41±0.34),and the differences were statistically significant(t=-47.11,-79.36,-96.32,P＜0.01).Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between serum concentration of Nox-4 and inflammatory factors(IL-8,IL-1β,TNF-αt) in stress group(r=0.97,0.99,0.98,P＜0.01).Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the grade of gastric mucosal inflammation was positively correted with serum levels of Nox-4 and inflammatory factors (IL-8,IL-1β,TNF-α) (r =0.96,0.92,0.91,0.94,all P＜ 0.01)Conclusion Stress may lead to gastric mucosal lesion by overexpression of proinflammatory factors through destroying the balance of oxidation/antioxidant system in gastric mucosa.