Objective:To investigate the ultrasonographic features of internal jugular venous vein pseudo-aneurysm.Methods:The ultrasonographic and clinical features of a patient with internal jugular venous vein pseudo-aneurysm in Union Hospital Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology were retrospectively analyzed. These characteristics of this patient combined with cases from literatures were summarized.Results:Ultrasound showed that the 38.6 mm×14.0 mm×29.9 mm anechoic area in the soft tissue layer of the left neck communicated with the left internal jugular vein through the 3.8 mm wide breach, and a 12.9 mm×6.6 mm slightly hyperechoic mass was found in the anechoic area. Color Doppler flow imaging showed that the internal jugular vein communicated with the anechoic area through the crevasse. There was no obvious blood flow signal in slightly hyperechoic mass. The bidirectional burr-like blood flow signal could be detected by pulse-wave Doppler. Contrast enhanced ultrasound showed that the contrast agent flowed into the mass from the internal jugular vein through the breach, and the slightly hyperechoic mass appeared the contrast filling defect, and contrast agent was well filled in the rest of the anechoic area. Ultrasound diagnosis: left internal jugular vein pseudoaneurysm with thrombosis. 35 cases of cervical vein pseudo-aneurysm patients were finally included in 23 documents, including 12 males, 23 females, 15 cases on the left side, 20 cases on the right side, 6 cases of the internal jugular vein, 27 cases of the external jugular vein; one case only describes the neck veins and supraclavicular vein in another one case. Among them, 34 cases showed subcutaneous anechoic masses on ultrasound, 1 case showed slightly hyperechoic masses, and 35 cases showed venous wall breaches.Conclusions:Ultrasound examination has high diagnostic value for vein pseudo-aneurysm owing to its convenience, fast and serial observation. Therefore, it is the preferred method and can be widely used in clinical practice. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can clearly show the blood perfusion, and help to improve the diagnostic confidence of the operator.

Objective To assess the morphological changes of tricuspid annulus in patients with functional tricuspid regurgitation(FTR)by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.Methods Seventy-five FTR patients were divided into 4 groups according to the tricuspid regurgitation and transverse diameter of tricuspid annulus,which were group A(regurgitation more than moderate and dilated transverse diameter,n=21),group B(regurgitation less than moderate and dilated transverse diameter,n =18), group C(regurgitation more than moderate and normal transverse diameter,n = 1 9),group D (regurgitation less than moderate and normal transverse diameter,n =17).And 21 healthy controls were chosen to be group E.The 3D parameters including annular anterior-posterior diameter(AP),annular left-right diameter(SM),sphericity index(SI),non-planar angle(NPA),anterior annular length(Ant Ann), posterior annular length(Post Ann),annular circumference(Ann)and annular area(Area)were analyzed. Results SM,AP,Post Ann,Ann and Area of group A and B were larger than those in group E,whereas SI and Ant Ann only larger in group A(P<0.05).There were positive correlations between SM,AP,Post Ann,Ann,Area and the degree of regurgitation in group A(P <0.05).The patients of group C showed larger SM,Ant Ann,Post Ann,Ann and Area compared with patients in group E(P <0.05).There were no significant difference in all 3D parameters between group D and E(P >0.05).Conclusions FTR patients with regurgitation more than moderate or dilated transverse diameter are accompanied with changes of 3D annular parameters. The real-time three-dimensional echocardiography is helpful to judge morphological changes of tricuspid annulus in patients with FTR.

Objective:To evaluate the renal injury of ultrasound-guided percutaneous fascia dilatation with one-step and multi-step percutaneous renal dilatation on renal injury in pigs.Methods:20 experimental pigs were randomly divided into 16F group and 24F group, with 10 pigs in each group. Under the guidance of ultrasound, the left and right kidneys of each experimental pig in group 16F were expanded by percutaneous renal multi-step expansion and one-step expansion (multi-step dilation subgroup and one-step dilation subgroup respectively) with 16F expander, and the same operation was performed with 24F expander in 24F group. After the operation, the left and right kidneys were left with fistula tubes for 1 week. The duration of hematuria in the renal fistula tubes was observed and compared. One month later, the experimental pigs were killed and the kidneys were removed. The histopathology of each group was observed under the naked eye and microscope. The scar tissue around the nephrostomy channel was removed, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining were performed respectively. The scar volume was measured by digital image analysis technology, and the percentage of the scar volume in the renal cortex volume was calculated.Results:There was no significant difference in gross hematuria duration between one-step dilation subgroup [(4.60±1.26)d] versus multi-step dilation subgroup [(4.70±1.17)d] of 16F group ( P>0.05); There was no significant difference in gross hematuria duration between one-step dilation subgroup [(5.40±1.25)d] versus multi-step dilation subgroup [(5.50±1.08)d] of the 24F group ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the gross and histological observation of pig kidney specimens in 16F group and 24F group. There was no significant difference in the scar volume of the fistula channel [(0.35±0.04)cm 3, (0.36±0.03)cm 3] and its percentage in the whole renal cortical volume [(0.41±0.05)%, (0.41±0.06)%] between one-step dilation subgroup versus multi-step dilation subgroup of 16F group (all P>0.05); there was no significant difference in the scar volume of the fistula channel [(0.48±0.02)cm 3, (0.49±0.04)cm 3] and its percentage in the whole renal cortical volume [(0.52±0.04)%, (0.53±0.07)%] between one-step dilation subgroup versus multi-step dilation subgroup of 24F group (all P>0.05). The scar volume and its percentage in the whole renal cortical volume of the one-step dilation subgroup and the multi-step dilation subgroup in the 24F group were higher than that of the 16F group, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Both one-step and multi-step percutaneous renal dilatation have less damage to renal parenchyma. The multi-step dilatation has no obvious advantage over one-step dilatation in reducing renal parenchyma injury.