We investigated the optimal culture conditions for Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line by determining the effects of medium pH and of selected supplements on the development of C. muris. The optimum pH of the culture medium required for the development of C. muris was determined to be 6.6. The number of parasites significantly increased during cultivation for 72 hr (p < 0.05) at this level. On the other hand, numbers decreased linearly after 24 hr of incubation at pH 7.5. When cultured in different concentrations of serum, C. muris in media containing 5% FBS induced 4-7 times more parasites than in 1% or 10% serum. Of the six medium supplements examined, only 1 mM pyruvate enhanced the number of C. muris in vitro. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed the developmental stages of C. muris in the cytoplasm of the cells, not in an extracytoplasmic location. The growth of C. muris in AGS cells provides a means of investigating its biological characteristics and of testing its response to therapeutic agents. However, a more optimized culture system is needed for the recovery of oocysts on a large scale in vitro.
Adenocarcinoma ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cryptosporidium/*growth & development ; Culture Media ; Human ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Stomach/*parasitology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

This study compared the dentin adhesion to composite resin according to air-dry, blot dry, application of rewetting agent on air-dry or blot dry dentin surface by microleakag test and SEM observation. For microleakage test, class V cavity preparations with dentinal margins were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of 40 extracted human molars. For SEM observation, occlusal dentin of 20 extracted human molars were exposed. After etched the dentin, prepared teeth were randomly divided into four groups; D group: air dry for 10-15 sec., B group: blot dry with moist cotton pellet, D-R group: air dry and rewet with Aqua-Prep F for 20 sec., B-R group: blot dry and rewet with Aqua-Prep F for 20 sec. Treated cavities and surfaces were filled or constructed using One-Step adhesives and Aelitefil composite resins. Specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours. For microleakage test, the specimens were thermocycled and soaked into 2% methylene blue. The specimens were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage under steromicroscope. The data were statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed ranked tests. For SEM observation, the specimens were bisectioned mesiodiatally. After decalcified and deproteinized, specimens were observed under SEM. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The microleakges on dentinal margin were the highest in D group compared with B group, D-R group, and B-R group(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference between B group, D-R group and B-R group. 2. D group showed gap and a few resin tags between dentin and composite resin. 3. B group, D-R group, and B-R groups showed close adaptation between dentin and composite resin. It showed that resin rags in B group were numerous and long, in D-R group were few and short, in B-R group were numerous and short or long. 4. Adhesive layer showed in D-R group (10 microm) and B-R group (3 microm) In conclusion, use of rewetting agent to dry dentin was efficient to dentin adhesion, also it did not provide reverse effect on blot dry dentin.
Adhesives ; Composite Resins ; Dentin* ; Humans ; Methylene Blue ; Molar ; Tooth ; Water

BACKGROUND: With the approval of topical retapamulin ointment in 2011, it was officially required to conduct a post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study to obtain further data of its safety profile and effectiveness, in accordance with the requirement of the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). OBJECTIVE: This study had prospectively designed to monitor safety and tolerability with the effectiveness of topical retapamulin in clinical practices. METHODS: Open label, multi-center, non-interventional observational study was done from May 2011 to October 2015. All subjects had bacterial skin infections of locally approved prescribing information accordingly. The study mainly focused on safety issues in the local target population (3,612 eligible subjects). And, drug effectiveness was also evaluated by physicians. RESULTS: The incidence of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were 2.53% and 0.97%, respectively. In terms of the incidence of unexpected AEs and ADRs, 1.45% and 0.33%, and for the incidence of serious AEs, 0.28%, whereas no serious ADRs reported. And, the effectiveness of topical retapamulin rate was 96.1% (1,697 of total 1,765 subjects). CONCLUSION: Topical retapamulin is to be well-tolerated and effective in patients with bacterial skin infections of locally approved prescribing information.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Observational Study ; Prospective Studies ; Skin ; Skin Diseases

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of CT and positron emission tomography (PET) in the diagnosis of recurrent uterine cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Imaging findings of CT and PET in 36 patients (mean age, 53 years) in whom recurrent uterine cervical cancer was suspected were analyzed retrospectively. Between October 1997 and May 1998, they had undergone surgery and/or radiation therapy. Tumor recurrence was confirmed by pathologic examination or follow-up studies. RESULTS: In detecting recurrent uterine cervical cancer, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CT were 77.8%, 83.3%, and 80.5%, respectively, while for PET, the corresponding figures were 100%, 94.4%, and 97.2%. The Chisquare test revealed no significant difference in specificity (p = .2888), but significant differences in sensitivity (p = .0339) and accuracy (p = .0244). CONCLUSION: PET proved to be a reliable screening method for detecting recurrent uterine cervical cancer, but to determine the anatomical localization of recurrent tumors, and thus decide an adequate treatment plan, CT was eventually needed.
Adult ; Cervix Neoplasms/*radiography/*radionuclide imaging ; Comparative Study ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Fludeoxyglucose F 18/diagnostic use ; Human ; Middle Age ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/*radiography/*radionuclide imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals/diagnostic use ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Tomography, Emission-Computed ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to present imaging findings of MMMT developed after irradiation and to compare them with those not associated with irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with pathologically-proven MMMT were divided into two groups ; group 1, with a history of pelvic irradiation (n=9), and group 2, without such history(n=4). With regard to tumor location, size, extent, degree of myometrial invasion, presence of enhancement, and internal texture of a tumor, we analyzed CT(n=10) and MR imaging (n=8) findings in each group. RESULTS: The tumor was larger in group 1 (average 8.7 cm) than in group 2 (average 5.5 cm). In eight patients in group 1, the endometrial cavity was distended, with remarkable fluid retention, and a mass was found in the fundus or body. The junctional zone was disrupted and hemorrhagic or necrotic foci were found within the mass. In all patients in group 2 and in one in group 1, a tumor had replaced the endometrial cavity, without fluid retention. CONCLUSION: Imaging findings of irradiation-associated MMMT appeared to be different from those not associated with irradiation. Where there are findings of a distended endometrial cavity filled with fluid andmural mass, one should be alert to the possibility of irradiation-associated MMMT.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Uterus*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to present imaging findings of MMMT developed after irradiation and to compare them with those not associated with irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with pathologically-proven MMMT were divided into two groups ; group 1, with a history of pelvic irradiation (n=9), and group 2, without such history(n=4). With regard to tumor location, size, extent, degree of myometrial invasion, presence of enhancement, and internal texture of a tumor, we analyzed CT(n=10) and MR imaging (n=8) findings in each group. RESULTS: The tumor was larger in group 1 (average 8.7 cm) than in group 2 (average 5.5 cm). In eight patients in group 1, the endometrial cavity was distended, with remarkable fluid retention, and a mass was found in the fundus or body. The junctional zone was disrupted and hemorrhagic or necrotic foci were found within the mass. In all patients in group 2 and in one in group 1, a tumor had replaced the endometrial cavity, without fluid retention. CONCLUSION: Imaging findings of irradiation-associated MMMT appeared to be different from those not associated with irradiation. Where there are findings of a distended endometrial cavity filled with fluid andmural mass, one should be alert to the possibility of irradiation-associated MMMT.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Uterus*

Few cases of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) or reactive hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) during the acute febrile phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) have been reported. We report on a case of a 19 month-old girl with MAS or reactive HLH during the course of KD. Despite immunoglobulin and steroid therapy, she showed persistent fever with hepatosplenomegaly and evidence of hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. A high index of suspicion for clinical features associated with MAS is necessary for KD patients in order to provide appropriate treatment.
Bone Marrow ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophage Activation Syndrome ; Macrophages ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Organic Chemicals

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is associated with a number of complications, including rare acute renal failure (ARF). Although the cause of IVIG-associated ARF is unknown, it may be related to the stabilizing agent used in IVIG preparations. ARF following IVIG infusion has not been previously described in children. We report a 4-year-old girl with Kawasaki disease who suffered from ARF following IVIG containing maltose. The previously healthy child had no underlying renal disease. She was given a 2g/kg body weight of IVIG (I.V.-Globulin S, Green Cross, IgG:maltose=1:2) for 10 hours. From the second day of IVIG administration, a gradual reduction of daily urine output was observed with an increase of BUN and creatinine levels, which by the fourth day of treatment reached 43.8mg/dL and 4.7mg/dL, respectively. A conservative ARF treatment resulted in a gradual increase in urine output, together with a decrease in BUN and creatinine levels, which after 7 days returned to normal levels. In view of the increasing use of IVIG in medicine, it is imperative that clinicians be aware of this unusual form of renal injury.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Body Weight ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Creatinine ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Maltose ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome

Hydatidiform moles are generally separated into two classifications. Complete hydatidiform moles are characterized by cystic swelling of all villi, often pronounced diffuse trophoblastic hyperplasia, lack of fetal parts, all 46 chromosomes of paternal origin (androgenesis). Partial hydatidiform moles appear to be focal trophoblastic hyperplasia, a fetus or indications of previous fetal existence, 69 chromosomes. Hydatidiform mole with coexistent fetus is a very rare phenomenon, with an estimated incidence of 0.005 to 0.01 percent of all pregnancies and associated with a risk of persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor. Recently, hydatidiform moles with a fetus have become more common due to use of assisted reproductive technology. Most patients with hydatidiform mole and coexisting normal fetus must cautioned about the potential for risks of malignant change and severe medical complications, such as preeclampsia, hyperthyroidism and antepartum hemorrhage, that may necessitate prompt pregnancy termination. We experienced a case of partial hydatidiform mole with coexistent live fetus, which was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 15 gestational weeks. A brief reviews of related literature was done.
Classification ; Female ; Fetus* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydatidiform Mole* ; Hyperplasia ; Hyperthyroidism ; Incidence ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms ; Trophoblasts ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of differentiation between benign and malignant clustered microcalcifications without mass on mammogram. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fourty six mammogramsof 44 patients showing clustered microcalcifications without mass were interpreted blindly by five independent observers majoring in breast imaging from different institutions. Twenty two were malignant (10 infiltratingductal carcinomas, 12 intraductal carcinomas) and 24 were benign (all fibrocystic disease). The observers judgebenignancy or malignancy of microcalcifications. The authors assess the accuracy of differential diagnosis of clustered microcalcifications. RESULT: Of 24 cases proved benign microcalcifications, five radiologists correctly interpreted 20 on average as benign and of malignant 22 cases, 16 on average were correctly interpreted asmalignant. The diagnostic accuracy of malignant microcalcifications was 71.8% on average(63.6%-81.8%) and the diagnostic accuracy for benign microcalcifications was 83% on average(71% - 92%). It was 9 among total 46 cases that were misinterpreted by more than three radiologists. Among these 9 cases, malignant microcalcifications thathad been misinterpreted as benign were seven, benign microcalcifications misinterpreted as malignant were two. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic accuracy of clustered malignant microcalcifications(71.8%) without mass on mammogramwas lower than that of benign microcalcifications(83.3%). So, in case of suspected malignant microcalcification onmammogram, it is preferable that along with magnification view, histopathologic confirmation by core biopsy mustbe obtained.
Biopsy ; Breast ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Mammography*