AIM: To observe the change of Guanxi Suhe Pill(GXSH) in cardiomyocytes suffering from hydrogen peroxide-induced injury due to replacement of Aristolochia debilis sieb.et Zucc by Radix inulae. METHODS: Myocardial cells from neonatal SD rats were cultured in dulbecco's modified eagle's medium(DMEM).The primary culture cardiomyocytes were injured by hydrogen peroxide(1 mmol/L) for 4 h,and serum containing GXSH was added to the medium at the same time.The creatine kinase(CK) activity,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in culture medium were determined.Intracellular superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,the activity of Na~+-K~+-ATPase and Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase in the cardiomyocytes were also observed. RESULTS: GXSH containing Aristolochia debilis sieb.et Zucc,GXSH containing Radix inulae,and GXSH without above both herbs significantly inhibited the release of LDH and CK,decreased the content of MDA and increased SOD activity,increased the volume of Na~+-K~+-ATPase and Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase of hydrogen peroxide-injured cardiomyocytes.The effects of TG and BG were stronger significantly than those of QG on some parameters. CONCLUSION: GXSH all has a remarkable protective effect on cardiomyocytes suffering from hydrogen peroxide-induced injury without and with Aristolochia debilis sieb.et Zucc or taking the place of the GXSH containing Radix inulae do not influence its protective effects on cardiomyocytes suffereing from hydrogen peroxide-induced injury.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of the active component in series of Guanxin Suhe Pills including the prescription containing Radix Aristolochiae(QG),the prescription containing Radix Inulae(TG),and the prescription without any of them(BG) in Beagle dogs and to compare the pharmacokinetics among the series of prescription.Methods HPLC Method was developed to determine acid in plasma of Beagle dogs.Blood plasma was collected after series of Guanxin Suhe Pills were ig administrated to Beagle dogs 0—8 h later.The concentration of cinnamic acid in the plasma was determined and DAS 2.1 software was used in calculation of compartment model and pharmacokinetic parameters.Results The standard curve was linear from 0.031 25 to 32 mg/L in plasma of Beagle dogs,the lowest detectable limit was 31.25 ?g/L,the recovery rate of the method was over 90 % with satisfactory relative standard deviations(RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day both lower than 5 %.The metabolism of cinnamic acid in plasma of Beagle dogs after medication of series in QG,TG,and BG all fitted in a first order absorption of two-compartment model.The peak concentration and the area under curve in TG and BG groups had the higher tendency than those in the QG group,but there was no significant difference among the three groups.Conclusion The series of Guanxin Suhe Pills all have a similar pharmacokinetic process.Taking away the Radix Aristolochiae from the previous prescription that including the Radix Aristolochiae or taking the place of the Radix Aristolochiae with Radix Inulae does not influence the pharmacokinetic process of the main active component.

Objective To compare effects of the whole prescription of Guanxin Ⅱ(GXⅡ),the hemorheologic agents and the Qi-regulating agents of the whole prescription on acute myocardial infarction in rats.Methods Acute myocardial infarct(AMI)model was established by coronary artery ligation,and then the model rats were treated with intraduodenal administration of different compositions of GXⅡ 5～10 minutes after the artery ligation.Five hours after modeling,blood was collected to determine the levels of endothelin(ET),thromboxane(TXB2),isoenzymes of creatine kinase(CK-MB)and andlactate dehydrogenase(LDH).The heart of rats was cut into five slices and dyed by nitrotetrazolium blue chloride(N-BT)for 5 minutes,and then the infarcted area(non-N-BT staining area)and the noninfarcted area(N-BT staining area)were detected.Results Compared to the model group,both the whole prescription of GXⅡ and the hemorheologic agents significantly reduced infarct size,ameliorated blood ET,TXB2,CK-MB and LDH levels(P

Objective To investigate the pharmacological action of Shuanglong Prescription on cardiac function in dogs and to study its mechanism. Methods The changes of the parameters such as coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption and heart rates were observed in normal anesthetic dogs. Results Compared to those in the normal group, the coronary blood flow increased and the heart rates decreased in Shuanglong Prescription group. Conclusion Shuanglong Prescription can regulate and improve the cardiac function of dogs.

Compared to oral administrations, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections act more rapidly and stronger, which is good for the treatment of acute or complicated diseases and makes up for the deficiencies of the oral ways. As an innovative dosage form which combines the modern pharmaceutical technology with the TCM, it represents the spirit of improvement and enhancement. With the expansion of clinical applications and adverse reactions or even death caused by individual dosages, TCM injections are receiving concerns from all fields of society and facing tremendous challenges and pressures. Some even suggested the cancellation. This study discussed the background, current situation and the reasons for the occurrence of adverse reactions. Taking Houttuynia injection as an example, it introduced the principle of improvement and described in detail the ideas and methods for it, which provided some reference for the improvement and enhancement of the TCM injections and reduced the safety risks of TCM injections to minimum.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; Humans ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Time Factors

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of Shuanglong Prescription (SP) for experimental myocardial infarction in rats. Methods Rat models of myocardial infarction were induced by ligation of coronary artery. Fourteen days after treatment, myocardial infarction area, biochemical parameters and myocardial capillary density were detected to observe the effect of SP.Results After 14- day treatment, SP could reduce the area of myocardial infarction, increase the ratio of 6- keto- PGF1? and TXB2 and the capillary density.Conclusion SP has certain therapeutic effect for myocardial infarction in rats. 

Aim Todiscusstheapplicationoftissue spontaneous fluorescence in myocardial ischemia injury of rats based on specific fluorescence detection technol-ogy.Methods Thechangeofspontaneousfluores-cence was compared between the myocardial tissue of normal rats and those of rats with myocardial ischemia injury and an quantitative analysis was then made.Re-sult Theresultsshowedthatspontaneousfluorescence of myocardial tissue for myocardial ischemia injury changed significantly.Spontaneous fluorescence signal of injury considerably was enhanced.The fluorescence signal which was quantified by FX Pro had statistical significance compared with normal myocardial tissue,P<0.01orP<0.05.Conclusion Ourresearchshows that spontaneous fluorescence of myocardial tissue can be enhanced obviously after myocardial ischemia inju-ry.Our research provides a method for the research and evaluation of myocardial ischemia injury model in rats which can be used in positioning,qualitative and quan-titative comparative study and in pathological,physio-logical,pharmacological and mechanism study.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of methyl protodioscin on the [Ca2+]i and the ATPase activity in cardiomyocytes, as well as their mechanisms.

METHODThe cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into three groups, the control group treated with no serumal DMEM, the MPD group treated with MPD and the dilthiazem group treated with dilthiazem. Fluorospectrophotometer was used to determined the level of myocardial cell intracellular Ca2+ [Ca2+]i. In the experiment of ATPase activity on cellular membrane, the cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into two groups, the control group treated with no serumal DMEM, the MPD group treated with MPD. The activity of Na+-K+-ATPase,Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATP ATPase were determined. The quantitative analysis of SERCA2a mRNA expression was studied by RT-PCR that the groups and treatments in cardiomyocytes same as the experiment for ATPase activity assay.

RESULTUnder the quiescent condition, compared to the control group, the level of [Ca2+]i in cardiomyocytes of the MPD group and dilthiazem group was no different. After treatment with 40 mmol x L(-1) KCl, [Ca2+] was significantly lower in the MPD group and the dilthiazem group, and the intensity of peak value in time course of 60 s, the dilthiazem group and the MPD group also were lower than the control group (P < 0.001). Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase and Na+-K+-ATPase in cultured rat were increased after treated with MPD compared to treatment with no serumal DMEM (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), but Mg2+-ATPase in these groups had no different. The expression of SERCA2a mRNA between the MPD group and the control group was no different. MPD could not up-regulated or down-regulated SERCA2a in endocytoplasmic reticulum.

CONCLUSIONMethyl protodioscin could block the volt dependent form calcium channel in cellular membrane, and up-regulate the function of sodium pump and calcium pump, so that it could remain low calcium in the internal environment in cardiomyocytes.

Animals ; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; drug effects ; Cell Membrane ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Diltiazem ; pharmacology ; Diosgenin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Activation ; drug effects ; Female ; Male ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases ; metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase ; drug effects

OBJECTIVEDesign a convenient and stable eye refractometer based on the theory of blur circle.

METHODSAnalyze the retinal blur circle in both Emsly reduced eye model and Liou & Brennan 1997 eye model by ZEMAX. Design the coefficients including PD (pupil diameter) and NO' (length between node point and fovea) with the purpose of improving the accuracy. At last, compare the clinical optometry data from this refractor with the data obtained from optometry hospital in Wenzhou.

RESULTSThe blur circle diameters are nearly the same in both reduced eye model and the Liou & Brennan 1997 eye model. With the PD = 4 mm and NO' = 20 mm, the refractor shows a fine accuracy in optometry. The paired t test shows that the myopia group and the astigmatism axial direction group have no statistical difference between the data from the blur circle refractor and the hospital (P > 0.05), while the astigmatism degree group has the result of P = 0.41 which may be caused by the poor cooperation of pediatric patients. 80% of the astigmatism degree data differ from the data from the hospital in less than 0.75D.

CONCLUSIONThe blur circle refractor, with the features of convenience and fine accuracy, is promised to be a new style of refractometer in the future.

Astigmatism ; Equipment Design ; Fovea Centralis ; Humans ; Models, Statistical ; Myopia ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Refraction, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

Objective To observe and evaluate the clinical effect of pure hemodialysis (HD﹚, hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion (HD+HP﹚, hemodialysis combined with hemodiafiltration (HDF﹚ on onuremic patients. Methods All 90 patients with uremic in our hospital from January 2011 to May 2014 were randomly divided into HD group, (HD+HP﹚ group,HDF group according to the treatment methods, 30 cases in each group. After two months,the skin itching symptoms and blood toxin levels before and after treatment in each group of were compared. Results Before treatment,Pi, Scr and BUN levels were not significantly different between groups(P>0.05﹚. After treatment the Pi, Scr and BUN levels were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05﹚. No significant differences between groups(P>0.05﹚. Before treatment,three groups of PTH, β2-MG and Cys C level had no significant difference (P>0.05﹚.After treatment,three groups of PTH,β2-MG and Cys C levels were significantly decreased than before treat-ment(P<0.05﹚.Multiple comparisons between groups showed that the indexes of the level of (HD+HP﹚group was lower than that of the other two groups (P<0.05﹚.(HD+HP﹚ group,HDF group of skin pruritus symptom improvement rate were higher than those in HD group (P<0.05﹚,but (HD+HP﹚groups, HDF groups had no significant difference (P>0.05﹚. Conclusion Scavenging effects of HD,(HD+HP﹚and HDF to the small molecules are roughly the same,but scavenging effect of(HD+HP﹚and HDF for large, middle molecular substances are better than those of HD,so (HD+HP﹚ has the best effect.