Objective To assess the rationality of using CT for clinical staging in esophageal carcinoma.Methods 103 esophageal carcinoma patients with radical resection were selected,patients were examined by CT before surgery.To compare the clinical staging on the basis of CT findings with pathology.Results Lymph node enlargement were mentioned in 29 cases (28.2 ％) with CT findings before surgery,but 70 cases (68.0 ％) by pathology.The CT findings and pathology were inconsistent (x2 =11.719,P =0.001).Although the pathology staging in the cases which were positive with CT findings could be later (Z =-3.04,P =0.002),there was no correlation between the two methods (x2 =10.885,r =0.055,P =0.055).Conclusion The accuracy rate in esophageal carcinoma clinical staging by CT before surgery is low.Combining with PET-CT or endoscopic ultrasonography may improve the accuracy rate.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and safety of spiral stone basket assisted with FURL in the treatment of unilateral upper ureteral stones for diameter>1.0 cm. Methods 140 patients with unilateral upper ureteral stones for diameter>1.0 cm from January 2012 to December 2015 were randomly divided into control group (70 patients) with FURL used alone and observation group (70 patients) with spiral stone basket assisted application on the basis of control group;the perioperative clinical indicators, the lithotripsy success rate, the stone clearance rate, the stone removal rate and the postoperative complication incidence of both groups were compared. Results The operation time of observation group was signiifcantly longer than control group (P<0.05). There was no signiifcant difference in the blood loss volume in operation and hospitalization time between 2 groups (P>0.05). The lithotripsy success rate and the stone clearance rate of observation group was signiifcantly higher than control group (P<0.05). The stone removal rate of observation group was signiifcantly lower than control group (P<0.05). The postoperative complication incidence of observation group was no difference between 2 groups (P> 0.05). The total treatment expenses of observation group was signiifcantly fewer than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Spiral stone basket assisted with FURL in the treatment of unilateral upper ureteral stones for diameter>1.0 cm can efifciently higher the stone removal effects, reduce the stone removal risk and not increase the postoperative complications incidence.

Objective To investigate and analyze the health care seeking behavior,financial burden and relative factors of patients with rheumatic diseases in Fujian Province.Methods Patients diagnosed with rheumatic diseases were investigated in Fujian Provincial Hospital from December 2013 to February 2014,including demographic data,health care seeking behavior and financial burden.Relevant factors were analyzed by Logistic regression.Results ① In this study,474 patients were enrolled.The ratio of male to female was 1∶2.38.② At the onset of symptoms,51.9％(246 cases) of patients visited a doctor as soon as possible,and 36.1％(171 cases) of them went to hospital within a month after disease onset.③ 74.1％(351 cases) of patients could adhere to medication regimen prescribed by doctors,and the most common reason for stopping medication was symptoms relieved (33.3％,41 cases).④ 63.1％(299 cases) of patients learned about the knowledge of rheumatic diseases from hospitals and doctors.⑤ 34.2％(162 cases) of patients spent 1 000-5 000 yuan every month on treatment.⑥ Insurance type could affect the time of first visit to hospital (P=0.004),while income and cost of therapy might impact patients' compliance (P=0.013,P=0.004).Conclusion Most patients will go to hospital as soon as possible and adhere to treatment.Economic situation is the main factor influencing health care seeking behavior of patients with rheumatic diseases.

Objective To analyze the clinical features,therapy and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) combined with lupus myelopathy (LM).Methods Ten SLE patients combined with LM treated in Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,People' s Hospital from 1990 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed and 43 cases of SLE combined with LM reported home and abroad were reviewed.Results All the ten patients were women with age of 23-53 (36.9 ± 3.4) years old and duration of 1-18 years.MRI of spinal cord revealed long T2 signal in one case,and normal in two cases.Seven patients received methylprednisolone pulse plus cyclophosphamide (CTX),two were given glucocorticoid pulse only,and one was given moderate dosage of glucocorticoid,CTX and plasma exchange (PE).The results revealed that four patients received complete recovery,four received partial recovery,and two received no improvement.Conclusions LM is a rare but severe complication of SLE with poor prognosis,which usually occurs in early phase of young SLE patients.Pulse methylprednisolone and CTX may be effective.Early and active treatment may improve the outcome.

The aim of the study was to prepare and evaluate the quality of negatively charged selfmicroemulsifying drug delivery system of curcumin (NC-CUR-SMEDDS).Based on the CUR-SMEDDS,the optimum amount of excipients was confirmed by the single-factor design experiment taking mean particle size,Zeta potential,drug entrapment efficiency and the drug loadings of curcumin as the evaluation indices for the preparation of NC-CUR-SMEDDS.The quality of NC-CUR-SMEDDS was evaluated by observing its appearance status,transmission electron microscope micrographs and determining particle diameter,Zeta electric potential,drug entrapment efficiency and drug loading.As a result,it was found that the Zeta potential reached -43.43 ± 0.29 mV when 4％ docusate sodium was added.The appearance of NC-CUR-SMEDDS remained clarified and transparent,and the microemulsion droplets appeared spherical without aggregation with uniform particle size distribution.The mean particle size was 14.08 ± 0.082 nm,the drug loading of curcumin was 26.48 mg·g-t and the drug entrapment efficiency was 94.12％.It was concluded that NC-CUR-SMEDDS with high entrapment efficiency and uniform particle size distribution met the requirement of inflammatory target binding in the colon.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of bilateral inguinal lymph node metastases in node-positive penile cancer. Methods Sixty patients with surgically resected node-positive penile cancer were analyzed. All the patients underwent regional lymph node dissection. Recurrence free survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test. Multivariate survival analysis was performed using Cox regression model. Results Of all the patients, 18 cases had bilateral inguinal lymph node metastases. The 3-year recurrence free survival rate in patients with bilateral invovlement was significantly lower than those with unilateral disease (26.7 % vs 65.3 %, χ2 =10.6, P=0.001). In order to evaluate wether the prognostic significance of bilateral lymph node metastases was dependent of increased number of positive nodes, the two predictors were included in multivariate survival analysis.Both the number of metastatic nodes and bilateral nodal disease were independent prognostic factors (P ＜0.05).Comparisons of survival curves showed those patients with bilateral nodal disease and more than 2 metastatic nodes had worst outcome. Conclusion Bilateral inguinal lymph node metastases is an important prognostic factor in penile cancer irrespective of the number of positive lymph node.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method to determine the entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) of curcumin (CUR)and quercetin (QUE)loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system.Methods:A centrifugation method was used to isolate the free drug.The content of drug was determined by HPLC.The analytical column was a Purospher STAR LP C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) and the column temperature was 30 ℃.The mobile phase was acetonitrile-4% acetic acid (50∶50) and the flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1.The UV detection wavelength was set at 370 nm and the injection volume was 10 μl.Results:CUR and QUE were linear within the range of 10.728-96.552 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 8) and 1.08-9.72 μg·ml-1 (r=0.999 9),respectively.The average recovery was 99.98%(RSD=1.46%,n=9) and 100.34%(RSD=1.06%,n=9),respectively.In CUR-QUE-SMEDDS,the EE of curcumin and quercetin was (95.97±0.50)% and (95.91±2.52)%,and the DL was (25.82±0.15) mg·g-1 and (1.80±0.05)mg·g-1,respectively.Conclusion:The method is accurate,rapid and simple,and suitable for the determination of DL and EE in CUR-QUE-SMEDDS.

Objective To construct a nomogram for estimating disease free survival of node-positive penile cancer treated with surgery.MethodsThe clinicopathological data of 32 node-positive penile squamous cell carcinoma patients were retrospectively reviewed.All patients had undergone primary tumor excision and regional lymphadenectomy.The pathological records showed that 10 were N1,13 were N2 and 9 were N3.Median level of preoperative squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) was O.9 μg/L.With a median follow-up of 16.5 months,13 patients developed recurrence.Based on the stage,histological grade and preoperative serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen level,a nomogram was drawn on the basis of the Cox regression model.Results Stage and preoperative serum SCCAg levels were independent prognostic factors for disease free survival in node-positive penile cancer treated with surgery.The hazard ratio of SCCAg level and N stage was 2.76 (95％ CI:1.40-5.44,P=0.0034) and 28.51 (95％ CI:2.55 -319.11,P =0.0066).The nomogram demonstarted good discrimination and calibration with a concordance index of 0.855.Conclusions Based on the N stage and preoperative serum SCCAg level,a nomogram to predict disease free survival in node-positive penile cancer treated with surgery was set up.The prediction model could be helpful in predicting the risk of recurrence.

Objective To construct and evaluate a nomogram for predicting the risk of regional lymph node metastases according to pathological features of the primary penile squamous cell carcinoma. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 73 patients who had undergone partial/radical penectomy and ilio/inguinal lymphadenectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis from 1990 to 2005 were retrospectively collected. The expressions of molecular markers (p53, Ki-67, E-cadherin and MMP-9) were determined by immunohistochemistry. A logistic regression model was used to construct the nomogram. Results Tumor grade, the expression level of p53 and lymphovascular invasion were independent prognostic factors of regional lymph node involvement (P<0. 05). The nomogram predicting the risk of metastatic lymph node involvement showed a good concordance index (0. 92) and good calibration. Conclusions Based on the pathological findings of primary tumor, a nomogram to predict the probability of regional lymph node involvement in penile squamous cell carcinoma patients is constructed. This statistical tool is not only helpful in judging individualizing tumor risk, but also in facilitating patients communication in treatment options.

Background and purpose:Liquid biopsy is a kind of blood, urine and other non-solid biologi-cal tissue sampling analysis, mainly for malignant tumor diagnosis, monitoring and predicting its prognosis. In this research, we optimized the extraction of miRNA in urine, established a standardized means of liquid biopsy, screened and verified the miRNA markers in patients with bladder cancer.Methods:From Jan. 2014 to Sept. 2015, we used miRNA microarray in six patients with bladder cancer and six healthy controls. Samples of 78 cases of bladder cancer and 23 healthy controls were tested by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) to verify the relationship between miRNA markers in liquid biopsy and clinical pathological parameters. The diagnostic value of miRNA markers was also analyzed and compared.Results:We screened 10 miRNAs differential expression in urine. Combined with previous literature, we selected 20 miRNAs to verify their expression levels in bladder cancers and healthy controls. miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio in the urine was found higher in patients with bladder cancer than in healthy controls (P<0.0001). With the rise of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio in urine, tumor stage and grade were also increased (P=0.003). When the cutoff was set at 0.41, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio were 73.1% and 82.6%, respectively. The AUC of miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio to detect bladder cancer was 0.864, higher than that of urinary exfoliated cells (P=0.0002).Conclusion:We optimized the extraction of miRNAs in urine,established a standardized liquid biopsy of miRNA markers. The miR-509-5p/miR-124 ratio could be an ideal diagnos-tic marker for bladder cancer.