Objective In this study,the effects of moderate treadmill exercise and estrogen replacement treatment on the production of liver nitric oxide(NO)and the expression of endothelial nitrie oxide synthase(eNOS)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)in ovariectomized(OVX)rats were observed.Methods Female mature SD rats were randomly divided into six groups according to their body weight:sham group(group S),sham exercise group (group S+EX),group OVX,OVX+exercise group (group OVX+EX),OVX+estrogen group(group OVX+E_2),and OVX+exercise+E_2 group(group OVX+EX+E_2).The rats ran on the treadmill at a speed of 18m/min for 60min,5 times per week.50μg/kg of E_2 was given subcutaneously three times per week to groups OVX+E_2 and OVX+EX+E_2.After 14 weeks,NO production in the liver was determined by nitrate reductase method.Protein expression of eNOS and iNOS was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results The NO content of group S was significantly lower than that of group S+EX,but significantly higher than that of group OVX.The NO content of groups OVX+EX,E_2,and OVX+EX+E_2 were significantly higher than that of group OVX.The positive reaction of eNOS mainly located in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids in all groups.The changing tendency after exercise or/and estrogen replacement was almost similar with that of the content of NO.The positive reaction of iNOS mainly located in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in groups S,S+EX,E_2,and OVX+EX+E_2,while it located in the nuclei in both groups OVX and OVX+EX.Conclusion Moderate exercise and estrogen supplementation both had the same effect of upregnlated synthesis of NO in liver of ovariectomized rats.

To introduce Prof. Jin Yi-cheng’s academic thoughts on pediatric tuina therapy, in order to promote the extensive application of the relevant tuina techniques and the inheritance of famous doctor’s experience, and enhance the clinical effects of tuina in treatment of children’s diseases.

Quantum dots (QDs) are novel photo-stable semiconductor nanocrystals with wide excitation spectra and narrow, symmetrical emission spectra. QDs can be used as molecular probes by conjugating to a wide range of biological targets, including proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. It has been widely used in bio-labeling, fast detection and biological imaging. In this review, we focus on the applications of QDs in tissue engineering and its potential bio-safety issues.
Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Molecular Probes ; Nucleic Acids ; Peptides ; Proteins ; Quantum Dots ; Tissue Engineering

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation factors of cervical lymphatic metastasis in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Data of 62 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.Factors associated with cervical lymphatic metastasis were analyzed by using x2 test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.ResultsLymphatic metastasis was found in 36 cases (58.1％ ),of which metastasis in cervical lymph node was found in 15 cases(24.2％ ).A total of 1954 lymph nodes were excised,with an average of 31.5 per patient.Of all the lymph nodes,metastasis was found in 187 (9.6％) nodes.Logistic regression showed that tumor location,tumor length,thoracic lymphatic metastasis,the metastasis number of thoracic lymph nodes and thoracic lymphatic metastasis along recurrent laryngeal nerve were independent risk factors of cervical lymphatic metastasis [ OR:1.976 ( 1.436-2.538 ),P =0.035 ; 1.346(1.032-1.683),P =0.041;3.012( 1.572-6.825),P =0.012;2.023( 1.463-4.745),P =0.025 and2.254 ( 1.483-4.952 ),P =0.020,respectively ].Conclusion The independent risk factors of cervical lymphatic metastasis are foundation of selective 3-field lymph node dissection and their validities should be validated in further clinical trials.

50.0% and increased year by year,the rate of aminoglycoside resistance

Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK singal transduction plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metastasis and metabolism. This investigation focused on this signal pathway and chose farnesyl transferase (FTase) as the main target and Raf-1 kinase as the second target. A lot of compounds were selected to construct the pharmacophore models of farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs) and Raf-1 kinase inhibitors by using computer-aided drug design (CADD). The pharmacophore of FTIs is constituted by a hydrogen bonding acceptor, an aromatic ring, a positive ionizable and two hydrophobic regions; the pharmacophore of Raf-1 kinase is constituted by a hydrogen donor, a hydrogen acceptor, a hydrophobic regions and an aromatic ring. There are some similarities between the two pharmacophores. After analysis of the constructions of these two pharmacophores, some new aminomethylbenzoic acid derivatives with good forecasting activity against both of FTase and Raf-1 kinase were designed with these new pharmacophore models.

Objective To investigate the proliferation and survival of endogenous new born cells in the hippocampus of post-stroke depression (PSD) rats. Methods Male SD rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 18): control, stroke, depression and PSD group. The animals were subjected to left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) reaulting in consistent focal cerebral infarcts, followed by an 18-day exposure to chronic mild stress (CMS) and single housing to induce PSD animal model The dynamic expression of brodmodeoxyuridine (BrdU), neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the left dentate gyrus of hippocampus were determined by immunohistochemistry or double-lable immunofluorescence staining. BrdU was a marker of new born cell, NeuN and GFAP marked that new born cell differentiated into neuron and astrocyto respectively. Results Compared with ischemia animals (232.2±8.6,123.7±2.6,136.2±2.6), in the left dentate gyrus, PSD samples had significantly less BrdU-positive cells ( 156.2±2.5, t =28.83, P < 0.01 ) on the 21st day after ischemia, and on day 30 and 45 ( 70.2±2.0, 81.2±1.1, t = 52.27, 62.08, both P < 0.01 ). The ratio of BrdU-positive cells to NeuN had decreased on day 30 (79.3%±2.8% vs 69.0%±3.4%, t =5.871, P < 0.01 )and day 45 (87.7% ±4.6% vs 78.3%±2.4%, t =4.403, P < 0.01) in PSD animals. There was a statistically significant increased proportion of BrdU-positive cells co-stained with GFAP in PSD animals compared with the ischemia ones on day 30 and45 (t =4.226, 8.945, both P < 0.01). Conclusion CMS following ischemia exerts an inhibitory effect on hippocampal survival of new born cells as well as their differentiation into neurons, while promotes new born cells differentiating into astrocytes.

BACKGROUND:Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF)can be applied in any lumbar segment,and retain integrity of lateral vertebral plate and zygapophysiai joints.However,few studies have been conducted about the biomechanical performance.OBJECTIVE:To explore the stability of lumbar intervertebral segment following TLIF appHed bilateral and unilateral transpedicular screws fixation.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Biomechanical test was performed at the Institute of Biomechanics,Shanghai University and Nantong University between August 2005 and April 2006.MATERIALS:Twenty samples of fresh one-month-old calf lumbar vertebra.METHODS:Twenty samples of calf lumbar vertebra underwent TLIF alone,TLIF in combination with bilateral or unilateral transpedicular screws fixation.Biomechanical test was performed on spinal three dimensional motion testing machine.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Stress,displacement.strain and torsion angle were recorded.RESULTS:After TLIF without fixation.no obvious changes were found in mean stress and strain,but the axes stiffness and rotational stiffness were significantly decreased,indicating TLIF could produce immediate lumbar stability.After TLIF with unilateral or bilateral transpedicular screws fixation,the lumbar stability was significantly enhanced compared with TLIF alone,especially bilateral transpedicular screws fixadon.Although the lumbar stability following unilateral transpedicular screws fixation was inferior to bilateral fixation,it was still greatly enhanced,even bxceeded normal sample,indicating TLIF with unilateral transpedicular screws fixation could produce enough initiallumbar stability.CONCLUSION:TLIF alone cannot support sufficient initial stability,but TLIF with bilateral and unilateral transpedicular screws fixation can enhance lumbar initial stability.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the intracellular expression of Th1 and Th2 type cytokines in placental lymphocytes and the pregnancy outcomes in NOD/SCID mice. METHODS: The resorption rate of embryos (RR) was compared between BALB/c and NOD/SCID mice. In addition, the expression rates of Th1 type (TNF-? and IL-2) and Th2 type (IL-10) cytokines were detected intracellularlly in placental lymphocytes by four-color flow cytometry. RESULTS: Although multiple-immunodeficiency was confirmed in the NOD/SCID, no significant difference was observed in RR between BALB/c and NOD/SCID mice. At the same time, a dramatically elevated level of CD8+IL-10+/CD8+ cell percentage was found at the feto-maternal interface in NOD/SCID?NOD/SCID, as compared with BALB/c?BALB/c mice, while no significant difference was observed for TNF-? and IL-2 expression in CD4+ and CD8+ cell subsets isolated from these mice. CONCLUSION: The spontaneous elevation of CD8+IL-10+/CD8+ cell percentage at the feto-maternal interface may be related to the roughly normal fertility in NOD/SCID mice.

Objective To get the weights of 4 evaluating indices in the operation complexity(OC)model of spaceflight.Methods Two weight assignment methods,subjective and objective methods,were adopted.The subjective method was combined with Delphi method,fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP),and multi-expert set-valued statistics.To get the subjective weights,two trials of survey were carried out among 10 candidate astronauts.The objective method was nonlinear analysis method in SPSS15.The data of the validation experiment for the OC model was analyzed and the objective weights were obtained.Results Two sets of weights were gained.Conclusion The subjective weights are based on the views of multi-experts and can be applied to different operation situations.The objective weights are suitable to be applied in the same operation situation.