[Summary] Lithium carbonate has been used as a psychiatric drug with some adverse effects such as hypothyroidism and leukocytosis.The adverse effects have been exploited for the treatment of hyperthyroid patients in particular conditions.It might be an alternative therapy for controlling hyperthyroidism in patients who can not tolerate or do not respond to thionamides or suffer from leukopenic condition.But it is important that monitoring serum lithium level,using smaller dose,and avoiding serious side-effects during the therapy of lithium carbonate should be carried out.

[Summary] The global incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing in recent years,but the reasons for the increase are still not well established.Widely applied and improved diagnostic modalities,together with that people are more likely to concern their health status may contrilute to the increased incidence of thyroid microcarcinomas and incidental (asymptomatic) carcinomas.There might be an association between Hashimoto thyroiditis and thvroid cancer.Many environmental factors,such as exposure to ionizing radiation,may also be risk factors for thyroid cancer.

Ninty-nine initial but untreated patients with hyperthyroidism were divided at random into three groups :propranolol, methimazole, and combined groups. Determination of serum T4, T3, rT3 and TSH levels together with STI and ICG were performed before and during treatment among these groups. The results showed that in the combined group, the fall of mean T3 levels to normal was the earliest and fastest, there was a better normalization of cardiac parameters, and the clinical manifestations could be brought under control rapidly. The combined therapy of propranolol with methimazole was especially advantageous to cases of mild and moderate hyperthyroidism.

HbA1c measures chronic glycemia and is widely used to judge the adequacy of diabetic treatment and adjust therapy.According to ADAG study,the relationship between HbA1c and the calculated AG can be expressed as the linear regression:eAG(mg/dL)=28.7?HbA1c-46.7.ADA has adopted this equation on its website.In the same unit of measurement as used in self-monitoring blood glucose,eAG would facilitate the doctors to communicate with patients in the daily glucose control.

Objective To study the clinical features of thyroid carcinoma and to explore the approach of early diagnosis for the disease.Methods The data of patients with thyroid carcinoma confirmed by pathology during January of 1999 to January of 2005 in the First Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University were retrospectively reviewed,including clinical appearance,thyroid ultrasonography and radioisotope scanning.Results One hundred and twenty-seven consecutive patients,30 males and 97 females,mean age(48.9?13.6)years,were diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma by surgery and pathology.A total of 127 cases of thyroid carcinoma were included,which were 105 papillary thyroid carcinomas,14 follicular thyroid carcinomas,2 undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas and 6 medullary thyroid carcinomas.Thyroid ultrasonography findings showed the majority(85.1%)thyroid nodules were low echo nodules and the proportions of solid and mixed nodules were 81.8%and 17.4%,respectively.The proportion of cold nodules was 88.9% by radioisotope scanning.Mean values of serum triiodothyronine,thyroxine and thyrotropin were all within the normal range.Conclusion In the present study the thyroid carcinomas are predominant in females and the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinomas is very high.The diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma can not just depend on findings of ultrasonography,radioisotope scanning and serum thyroid hormone.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of laparoscopic repair of acute perforation for gastroduodenal ulcer. Methods From June 2003 to December 2007, 13 patients underwent laparoscopic repair of pedorated peptic ulcers. Results Five patients were suffered from pedorated duodenal bulbar ulcer, one patient was suffered from pyloric canal ulcer, and seven patients were suffered from perforated gashie antrum ulcer. The diameter of the perforation was 0. 3-0. 7cm, peritoneal fluid 600-1200ml, the operafive time was 80-180min, only one was shifted to open surgery diagnosed gastric cancer by pathology examination, another twelve laparoscopic operations were successful. Postoperative recovery was smooth, ten surgical incisions were class A healing and two were class B healing, the length of hospitalization were 7-10 days after surgery. With one year followed-up, all deers had healed well by Gastroscopy, we hadn't found reperforation, abdominal infection, ankylenteron, ileac passion ect. operative complications. Conclusions Laparoscopic repair of acute perforated gastroduodenal ulcer is as safe and effective as the open repair. We must do intraoperative rapid pathologic examination, if it was malignant disease we shifted to open surgery.

Objective To study the clinic characters of patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Methods We evaluated the prevalence of acute and chronic complications in the LADA patients with serum antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) or to islet cell cytoplasmic antigens (ICA). The prevalence of acute and chronic complications were further compared with that in patients with acute onset type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Results The mean age, BMI, fasting and postprandial C peptide levels of the LADA patients were higher than those of type 1 diabetes and lower than those of type 2 diabetes. Of the LADA patients, 29.3% had ketosis. Although the frequency of repeated attack of ketosis in the LADA patients was similar to that in type 1 diabetes, the duration from diabetic onset to first ketosis in the LADA patients was much longer. The prevalence of retinopathy in the LADA patients was 19.5%, which was similar to that in type 1 diabetes. The prevalence of cataract in the LADA patients was 48.8%, which was similar to that in type 2 diabetes. Less LADA patients had microalbuminuria, compared with the other groups. There was no difference in the prevalence of overt nephropathy, neuropathy and hyperlipidemia among the three groups. The prevalence of coronary heart disease in the LADA patients was similar to that in type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of hypertension in the LADA patients was higher than that in type 1 but lower than that in type 2 diabetes. Conclusion The clinic characters as well as acute and chronic complications in LADA patients are different from those in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Objective To investigate the effect of insulin glaring(IG)and neutral protamine hagedorn(NPH)on metabolic control and islet cell function in type 2 diabetic patients who secondly failed to sulfonylureas(SU)treatment.Methods Fifty-two diabetic patients with second SU failure were studied in our hospital during May,2004 to Nov,2004,and they were divided into two groups:twenty treated with glipizide extended release tablets(GERT)plus IG injection,while thirty-two with GERT plus NPH.Fasting and postprandial blood glucose,HbA_1c,fasting and postprandial C-peptide were determined in all patients at different following points.Results Blood glucose decreased obviously and similarly in two groups;however,hypoglycemia occurred less in IG group.Interestingly,fasting and postprandial C-peptide significantly increased in IG group,but didn't change in NPH group.Conclusion Combination treatment with IG or NPH has good effect on metabolic control in second SU failure patients;and moreover,IG improves B-cell function.

Objective To design experimental conditions of Riboflavin combining with ultraviolet light illumination for pathogen inactivation and to verify its effect.Methods The effects of multi-factors,such as Riboflavin concentrates,dosage of ultraviolet irradiation,pH value and medium,were observed on E.coli inactivation by photochemical method when it was used as an indicating germ in phosphorus solution(PBS)and taken count by smearing Mac-lonkey agar plates for colony-forming units.Results The reduction of E.coli reached 3.87 logs when the system was treated with 12.5 umol/L riboflavin and 3.0mJ/ml of ultraviolet light at 254nm in PBS medium.Conclusion E.coli in PBS medium was sensitized to low concentrates of Riboflavin and low dosage of ultraviolet irradiation.

Diabetic patients with secondary sulfonylureas failure were shifted to glipizide plus glargine ( n = 20) or neutral protamine hagedorn (n =32). Sixteen weeks later, blood glucose and HbAIC were decreased and serum C peptide level increased in both groups. Hypoglycemia occurred less frequently and?-cell function was improved in glargine group.