Objective To evaluate the role of Fas/FasL signaling pathway in ulinastatin postconditioning-induced attenuation of apoptosis in the myocardial cells of patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty patients of both sexes,aged 21-59 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ (NYHA class Ⅱ or Ⅲ),scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement with CPB,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each):control group (group C),and ulinastatin postconditioning group (group U).In group U,ulinastatin 10 000 U/kg was perfused via the aortic root at 4 000-5 000 U·kg-1 ·min-1 starting from 5 min before aortic unclamping.In group C,the equal volume of normal saline was infused instead of ulinastatin.Myocardial specimens were taken from the right auricle at 45 min after aortic unclamping for determination of Fas,Fas ligand (FasL),caspase-8,Bcl-2 and Bax expression and cell apoptosis.The ratio of Bcl-2 expression to/Bax expression (Bcl-2/Bax) and apoptotic index were calculated.Results Fas,FasL,caspase-8 and Bax expression and apoptotic index were significantly lower,and Bcl-2 expression and Bcl-2/Bax were higher in group U than in group C.Conclusion Ulinastatin postconditioning attenuates apoptosis in the myocardial cells through inhibiting Fas/FasL signaling pathway in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with CPB.

Objective:Using atenolol as a model drug,the aim of this study was to develop a sustained and controlled transdermal drug delivery system(TDDS)based on polyethyleneimine-modified MoS2 nanoparticles(PEI-MoS2 NPs)that were responsive to near infrared(NIR)laser irradiation.Methods:The three-dimensional flower-like PEI-MoS2 NPs were successfully synthesized and further characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction measurements,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The controlled release capacity of PEI-MoS2 NPs was examined using in vitro drug release and skin penetration experiments.Results:The PEI-MoS2 NPs exhibited a drug loading efficiency of 53.86% and high photothermal conversion ability.Moreover,the release of atenolol was enhanced by NIR stimulation with an enhancement ratio of 1.56.Conclusion:NIR-controlled PEI-MoS2 NPs was essential for the control and sustained release of drugs in TDDS.