The key factor of chemotherapy for brain disorders is to penetrate brain blood barrier(BBB). Receptor mediated en-docytosis is one of the mechanisms for drug carriers to cross the BBB. Angiopep-2(ANG)can specifically bind to low density lipopro-tein receptor-related proteins 1(LRP-1)overexpressed on BBB and glioma cells,thus exhibits a higher LRP-mediated BBB penetra-tion capability. Its targeting efficiency is higher than that of other targeting molecules such as transferrin and(TF)lactoferrin(LF). This paper introduces the structure and function of ANG,and its application in brain targeting delivery systems,in order to provide references for research and development of brain targeting preparations and guidance for therapy of brain diseases.

Objective To evaluate the risk of the occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive cervical cancer in the oral HPV carriers through a population-based investigation in Shanghai.Methods A total of 1200 cases of outpatients who attended the annual cervical examination and 50 preoperational cases of inpatients with CIN Ⅲ or invasive cervical cancer were enrolled from three clinical centers in Shanghai.The oral HPV infection was determined by real-time PCR.In 1200-case cross-sectional study,the incidence rate of CIN was compared between the oral HPV positive and negative cohort.In 1250-case case-control study,the positive rate of oral HPV DNA test was compared among normal control group,CIN Ⅰ-Ⅲ,and invasive cancer case groups,and all odds ratio (OR) values were calculated,respectively.The HPV transmission-related demographic and behavioral characters of the oral HPV carriers were also analyzed.Results The oral HPV carriers accounted for 5.9％ (71/1200) of the investigated outpatients.The oral HPV DNA positive rates were gradually increased with the cervical disease grades,which were 5.8％ (68/1182,normal),2/13 (CIN Ⅰ),1/5 (CIN Ⅱ),31.4％ (11/35,CIN Ⅲ) and 5/15 (invasive cancer).In cross-sectional cohort studies,the relative risks (RR) of CIN Ⅰ,Ⅱ were 2.9 and 4.0 for oral HPV carriers,respectively.In case-control study,the OR values for CIN Ⅰ-Ⅲ and invasive cervical cancer were 3.1(95％CI:1.6-10.1),4.2(95％CI:1.7-28.4),7.1(95％CI:4.8-19.8) and 10.1 (95％ CI:3.2-32.1),respectively.The oral sex and multi-sexual partner were two major risk factors for the oral and cervical HPV co-infection,HPV-related cervical cancer and precancerous diseases according to behavioral analysis.Conclusions There are complicated transmission pathways between oral and cervicalHPV.Oral HPV carriers should be intensively followed up and their oral HPV infection and HPV-related cervical diseases should be treated together.

Objective To investigate the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes and visceral obesity. Methods Subjects were divided into three groups:control group(group C),type 2 diabetes mellitus with non-obesity group (group DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus with visceral obesity group (group DM + OB). General clinical characteristics, morning blood cortisol concentrations and 24 h urine free cortisol of three groups were compared. Serum cortisol levels were also compared after 0.25 mg dexamethasone suppression test and followed by oral intake of 25 mg cortisone acetate. Results (1) There were no significant differences in basal cortisol levels, but after inhibition with dexamethasone the group DM + OB showed significantly higher cortisol level than that in the control group (P < 0.01). (2) Conversion of oral cortisone to plasma cortisol differed significantly between the group C (lower) and group DM + OB (P < 0.05). (3) Plasma LH and FSH concerntrations were significantly lower in group DM + OB compared with group C (P < 0.01). Conclusion In the postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the negative feedback mechanism and hepatic 11β-HSD-1 activity were impaired, especially in those with visceral obesity.

The plasma level and the regulation of cortisol in type 2 diabetic patients were invesligated.Plasma and urinary cortisol levels were measured, and dexamethasonc suppression test and oral cortisone test in vivo were performed. Compared with controls, diabetic patients had higher urinary cortisol level. The activity of hepatic 11 β-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase-1 (11β-HSD1) in type 2 diabetic patients was decreased, suggesting that the elevated basal cortisol in type 2 diabetic patiens may due to impaired hepatic degradation of cortisol.

Objective To investigate the relationship between peripheral blood thyroxine levels and cardiac function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure.Methods Seventy patients with chronic heart failure admitted into our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled as the study group,and 70 healthy subjects were collected as the control group.Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and serum thyroxine levels were measured in both groups.Results LVEF,serum levels of total triiodothyronine(TT3)and total thyroxine(TT4)were lower in the study group than in the control group[(37.3±2.4)％ vs.(58.5 ± 5.3) ％,(87.4 ± 8.7) mmol/L vs.(120.8±10.4) mmol/L,(8.6±1.7)mmol/L vs.(10.1 ± 1.3)mmol/L,t =30.486,20.609 and 5.864,P =0.000].LVEF,TT3 and TT4 in patients with grade lⅡ 、grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ Cardiac insufficiency were [(42.3±2.2)％、(37.9± 1.0)％ and(31.8±1.5)％,(104.2± 15.4) mmol/L、(89.7±4.6) mmol/L and(72.0±7.2)mmol/L,(9.3± 1.8)mmol/L、(8.8± 1.3) mmol/L and (8.1 ± 0.9) mmol/L]respectively.Serum levels of TT3 and TT4 and LVEF steadily declined as cardiac dysfunction grew more severe in patients with chronic heart failure(P =0.000).Conclusions Patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency are often combined with euthyroid sick syndrome,and serum levels of TT3 and TT4 can indicate the degree of abnormal cardiac systolic function.Therefore,low serum levels of T3 and T4 can be used as indicators for poor prognosis in patients with chronic heart failure.