Objective:To introduce the fabrication of lead eyeshade and its use in the radiotherapy of both malignant and benign eye tumors and observe the preliminary clinical effect. Methods:To lead sheet with thickness of 2.5-3mm was fabricated into spherical eyeshade and erythromycin Eye Ointment was smeared onto it. Results:According to EORTC criteria, the first level side effect was occasional and mild pain and drying of the eye. The second level was intermittent and tolerable pain and drying of the eye. The third level was constant and intense pain and drying of the eye and the fourth level was incurable and intolerable and drying of the eye. Conclusion:It was shown that the use of lead eyeshade can not only ensure the efficacy of radiotherapy, but also reduce the incidence of radiation injury of surrounding normal tissues. The method used for making of lead eyeshade is effective and easy to grasp.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and adverse reaction of TOMOX regimen combined with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy in the treatment of middle and advanced esophageal cancer. Methods:51 cases of hospitalized patients with esophageal cancer were selected from January 2013 to December 2015 in our hospital who were divided into observation group (n=27) and control group (n=24) by random number table method. The control group was treated with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy, and the observation group was added with the TOMOX scheme based on the control group. Compare the efficacy of the two groups, the control period, the survival period, the toxicity and side effects.Results: The rate of complete response(CR)and partial response (PR) in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.30%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group 58.33% (P<0.001). The 2 year control rate and 2 years survival rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of acute radiation pneumonia and gastrointestinal reaction in observation group was lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The neuritis rate and leukopenia of observation group was lower than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The rate of acute esophagitis in the observation group group was higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: TOMOX combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy can effectively improve the short-term efficacy and long-term survival rate, reduce adverse reactions.

Objective To optimize the extraction techique for Qingrejiedu oral liquid.Methods The amount of water, extraction time , extraction times and alcohol content were used as inspection factor, 3 levels per factor, with baicalin, chlorogenic acid , geniposide transfer rate and extraction rate as indexes,carries on Weighted comprehensive evaluation,the optimal extractin were screened by L9 (34 ) orthogonal test.ResuIts The optimal extraction condition of Qingrejiedu oral liquid were as follow:extraction for 3 times and 1h each time with 8-fold amount of water and 70% alcohol. ConcIusion Through the orthogonal test, the extraction process of Qingrejiedu oral liquid is designed reasonably, the result is reliable, and the extraction effect is good, and has higher application value.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of ultrasonography in diagnosis and the significance in the pelvic lymph node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma.Methods Endometrial carcinoma admitted for initial treatment of patients with a total of 60 cases,take color Doppler imaging (GE730),the uterine,vaginal examination, accessories and tumor size,internal echo,and the relationship with the surrounding tissue boundaries of tumor four weeks and internal flow characteristics were observed.Results 60 cases of endometrial carcinoma,50 cases of patients with ultrasound findings with operation pathologic examination results,which were positive in 45 cases (75%),8 cases of false negative (13.33%),false positive in 2 cases (3.33%),5 cases were negative (8.33%). The detection sensitivity was 84.91% (45 /53);the rate of missed diagnosis was 15.09% (8 /53);the rate of misdi-agnosis was 28.57% (2 /7);the specificity was 71.43% (5 /7);Youden index 0.5634.Resistance index,CDFI value of carcinoma of endometrium and pelvic lymph node metastasis,there were significant differences (P <0.05). Conclusion Node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma by ultrasonography in diagnosis of pelvic lymph,ultrasonic diagnosis accuracy rate reaches 83.33%,so by ultrasonographic features can be found audio -visual abnormalities in patients,and timely diagnosis of pelvic lymph node metastases in endometrial carcinoma,to lower the risk of blind treatment to the female brought.

Objective:To determine the prevalence of Salmonella paratyphi C phage ( SPC-P1 ) in dif-ferent Salmonella serovars and to identify the integration sites in host genome. Methods: Based on the complete genome of SPC-P1 in S. paratyphi C RKS4594, 6 pairs of primers were designed and used to amplify the fragments of SPC-P1 in 11 S. typhi, 11 S. paratyphi A, 12 S. paratyphi B and 23 S. para-typhi C strains. At the same time, 100 complete genomes of Salmonella including 20 serovars available in National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) database were downloaded and aligned by Mauve 2. 3. 1 to determine the prevalence of SPC-P1 in these serovars. Primers were designed according to the integration sites of SPC-P1 in the genome of RKS4594 , and used to amplify ten strains having SPC-P1 in the genome. The PCR products were sequenced to investigate the integration sites of SPC-P1. Results:SPC-P1 was widely distributed in S. paratyphi C genome. In the study, 14 strains had all 6 fragments and 2 strains had 3-5 fragments. All the amplified fragments showed expected sizes. In contrast, in the ge-nomes of S. typhi, S. paratyphi A and S. paratyphi B, no or only 1-2 fragments could be amplified, and the sizes were smaller than expected. The results from Mauve showed that only in the genome of S. choleraesuis, which was a close relative of S. paratyphi C, there existed an almost complete genome of SPC-P1. The insertion site of SPC-P1 in all the ten S. paratyphi C strains tested was between pgtE and yfdC genes. Conclusion:SPC-P1 is a unique virulence factor of S. paratyphi C. It may play roles in the host range and pathogenicity of S. paratyphi C.

Objective To investigate the expression pattern of Th1 and Th2 in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis including sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis and coinfection with human immunodeficiency viruses(HIV), and its relation to disease severity.Methods The expression pattern of CD4+T lymphocytes, Th1 and Th2 cells in peripheral blood samples from sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, coinfection with HIV patients and healthy controls were studied by flow cytometry.Results The expression of CD4+ T lymphocytes and Th1 cells in sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were significantly lower than that in healthy group(31.22?9.80)%,(9.78?3.09)% vs (43.77?10.78)%,(25.26?4.73)%; The expression of Th2 cells in culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that in healthy group(18.65?3.49)% vs(10.15?2.60)%; The Th2 level in severe pulmonary tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that in the medium and mild patients(21.70?2.67)% vs (14.87?1.66)% ,(17.48?2.06)%, while the CD4+T lymphocytes and Th1 levels were significantly lower; The CD4+ T lymphocytes and Th2 cells levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients coinfection with HIV were lower than that in tuberculosis patients without HIV coinfection(21.88?3.71)%,(8.79?2.28)% vs (31.22?9.80)%,(18.65?3.49)%.Compared with the healthy group, Th1 cells level in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without coinfection of HIV were lower(25.21?4.73)% vs (9.39?2.65)%,(9.78?3.09)%.Conclusion Patients with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis showed lower expression of Th1 and higher expression of Th2,This profile was correlated with disease severity.Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV coinfection showed both of lower expression of Th1 without enhancement of the type 2 response.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the reasons of nosocomial infection(NI) in patients in intensive care unit( ICU),to find effective countermeasures for preventing NI and reducing the incidence rate of NI in ICU,and to enhance the management of ICU.METHODS All data of patients who suffered MRSA in ICU from Dec 2005 to Feb 2006,were analyzed by prospective monitoring and retrospective studies.RESULTS The nine patients were with lower respiratory tract.All were infected by the same MRSA.The same MRSA strain was found from hand,mouth and nose among the treating doctor and nurses based on the sample-analysis.CONCLUSIONS The incidence rate of NI in ICU is much higher than that in other departments.Risk factors depend on the severity of underlying diseases,invasive procedure,the quality of disinfection and sterilization,the incorrect use of the antibiotic,and patients′ immunity status especially among elderly.The key way to reduce incidence rate of NI is to take comprehensive measures and strengthen the antibiotic management.

The morbidity of inflammation-associated tumor is high .Prevention and treatment of inflammation play a positive role in delaying the occurrence and development of cancer .Antrodia camphorata, an endemic fungus in Tai-wan, possesses significant anti-inflammatory effect.So far, 35 anti-inflammatory active components from Antrodia camphorata have been identified , among which triterpenoids account for the most .Studies have revealed that triterpenoids , including ergostanes and lanostanes , have significant anti-inflammatory activities .Because of their structures , especially those of the ergostanes , are similar to the structures of cholesterol and steroid hormones , their anti-inflammatory mechanism may be related to mimic the steroid hormones or interfere with the effect of cholesterol .

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and outcome of patients with cardiac amyloidosis (CA).Methods Clinical data from 18 patients diagnosed as CA by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) from 1995 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 18 patients with CA,all patients had reduced diastolic dysfunction; 12 had mitral valve early diastolic blood flow peak velocity/late diastolic blood flow peak velocity (E/A) ＞ 2.0 and ventricular diastolic early filling deceleration time (DT) ＜ 150 ms; 12 had left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ＜50％ ; and 13 had New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification Ⅲ or Ⅳ.The 1-year,3-year and 5-year survival rates of 18 patients with CA were 67％,44％ and 17％,respectively.Kaplan-Meier analysis showed,NYHA functional class ＞ Ⅱ,E/A ＞ 2.0 and DT ＜ 150 ms were associated with increased mortality (log-rank statistic P =0.026 and 0.001,respectively).CA patients with chemotherapy before heart failure were associated with decreased mortality and extend survival.Conclusions The mortality rate goes up and survival rate gradually descends as prolonged onset time.NYHA functional class ＞ Ⅱ and E/A ＞ 2.0 (DT ＜150 ms) are associated with mortality.

Objective This study investigates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition effects exerted on human liver cancer cells HepG2 by THP-1 derived macrophages.The roles of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on liver cancer progression and its mechanisms were explored.Methods HepG2 cells were cultured with THP-1 derived macrophages to mimic the microenvironment of liver cancer.After the culture treatment,morphological changes of the liver cancer cells were observed.Decreased E-cadherin expression is a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT),and the Ecadherin protein variations in the HepG2 cells were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) and Westernblot.FlowCytomix was carried out to screen the cytokines in the supernanants of THP-1 cells and THP-1 derived macrophages.Results After culture with macrophages,HepG2 cells revealed a morphological change.These cells lacked epithelial morphology and became a spindle-like mesenchymal cell phenotype.Additionally,the E-cadherin protein expression was reduced dramatically as measured by IF and Western-blot.IL-8 and IL-1β expression in the supernatants were increased 40 and 20 times,respectively,after THP-1 cells were activated to macrophages (P＜0.01).TNF-α expression was increased 8 times (P =0.056).Conclusion THP-1 derived macrophages could induce EMT effects on HepG2 cells,which may relate to the increased secretion of IL-1β,IL-8 and TNF-α.