Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is characterized by delayed or absent puberty and lowered sexual function as a result of impaired pulsatile gonadotropin-realeasing hormone (GnRH) secretion.Identification of TAC3/TACR3 mutations as the culprits of IHH revealed that neurokinin B (NKB) signaling pathway was involved in the regulation of pulsatile GnRH secretion.This review focuses on the involvement of NKB signaling in pulsatile GnRH release,the discovery of TAC3/TACR3 mutations and the phenotypes,and treatment of patients who carry TAC3 or/and TACR3 mutations.

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Qingdai Powder (Indigo Naturalis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Borax, Boreolum Syntheticum, Herba Menthae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Catechu, etc.) METHODS: Indigo Naturalis, Borneolum Syntheticum, Rhizoma Coptis, Radix Glycyrrhizae were indentified by TLC, and the content of indigo was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Indigo Naturalis, Borneolum Syntheticum, Rhizoma Coptis, Radix Glycyrrhizae could be indentified by TLC. Indigo showed a good linear relationship at a rang of 27.35～ 410.25ng, r=0.9997. The average recovery of indigo was 99.03%( n =6) and RSD was 2.14%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and high specificity with good repeatability. The method can be used for quality control of Qingdai Powder.

Objective To optimize the extraction techique for Qingrejiedu oral liquid.Methods The amount of water, extraction time , extraction times and alcohol content were used as inspection factor, 3 levels per factor, with baicalin, chlorogenic acid , geniposide transfer rate and extraction rate as indexes,carries on Weighted comprehensive evaluation,the optimal extractin were screened by L9 (34 ) orthogonal test.ResuIts The optimal extraction condition of Qingrejiedu oral liquid were as follow:extraction for 3 times and 1h each time with 8-fold amount of water and 70% alcohol. ConcIusion Through the orthogonal test, the extraction process of Qingrejiedu oral liquid is designed reasonably, the result is reliable, and the extraction effect is good, and has higher application value.

This paper introduces the structure and principle of a novel low-frequency electronic pulse therapeutic apparatus. Based on a novel single -chip microprocessor, the device can generate multiple special pulse signals and output bi -directional electronic pulse. At the same time, it can detect the impedance automatically and thus its security is improved.

The development of the endocardial cushion and the ventricular septum of chicken heart was studied with SEM, TEM, light microscopy and histochemical methods. The results are as follows:1. The development of endocardial cushion begins from the proliferation of the endothelial cells which form cushion cells when these cells enter the cardiac jelly. Cushion cells also proceed mitosis and migrate toward the myocardium, and the endothelial cells cease proliferation when the reserve layers of cushion cells were formed. The fused endocardial cushion participates in the formation of atrioventricular orifice, the right tubercle prolongs toward the ventricular septum and eventually fuses with it.2. The cardiac jelly of endocardial cushion contains a great deal of hyaluronic acid which arranges in "trails", pioneering cushion cells migrate along the "trails" and change the component and arrangement of the matrix.3. Muscular ventricular septum is formed by aggregation of trabeculae inside the interventricular sulcus. The dorsal part of the ventricular septum fuses with the lower part of right tubercle of endocardial cushion and the ventral part fuses with the conus septum.

The morphogenesis of the heart and the formation of the epicardium were studied with SEM, TEM and light microscopy. The results are as follows:1. There are two stages in the development of chicken heart: First is the formation of cardiac loop. In certain places, the sulcus appears outside, and the cresta appears inside during this stage. The formation of the cardiac loop indicates the establishment of the anlagen of the heart; Second is the differentiation of the anlagen, including the septation of the heart and the shift of each part of the heart. The shift of the atrium and the conus results from the shift of the right and left ventriculum. 2. The epicardium is not differcntiatcd from the myocardium, but formed from the mesenchymal cells which proliferate in front of the sinus venosus. These cells migrate and cover the entire surface of the myocardium.

Objective To investigate the action and the mechanisms of nerve growth factor(NGF) and its receptor(p75、TrkA) on the pathological alterations of the enteric nervous syst em in the rats cathartic colon. Methods The experimental animal model of cathartic colon was established by using rhubar b and phenolphthalein. Thirty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided int o the control group(10 rats) and cathartic colon model groups(10 rats with rhuba r b group; 10 rats with phenolphthalein group). The model group rats were fed with stimulant laxatives rhubarb and phenolphthalein respectively, and the control g roup rats were fed with distilled water. The rats were killed and the colon samp les were taken after 3 months. The expressions of the mRNA of NGF, p75 and TrkA in the colonic tissues were detected by semi-quantitive reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technique. Results The expressional levels of NGF mRNA were lower in the rhubarb group and phenolph thalein group than that in control group (P

[Objective] To evaluate the clinical effect of acusector infrared and pressed needle on spondylopathy.[Method] Randomly divide the patients into treatment group 1 with acusector infrared and pressed needle,and control group 2 with acusector and infrared.[Result] In treatment group,8 cases were cured,32 better,5 not cured,and total effective rate 88.89%; for group 2,they were 2,28,15 and 66.67% respectively.There’s marked difference between them.[Conclusion] Acusector infrared and pressed needle are better in treating spondylopathy.

To evaluate the significance of plasma ACTH, serum cortisol and UFC levels as well as ACTH stimulation test, aminoglutethimide test and insulin induced hypoglycemia test in patients with adrenal insufficiency. Sixteen patients with primary insufficiency (Addison`s disease) and 75 cases with secondary insufficiency (hypopituitarism) diagnosed from 1985 to 1999 were reviewed. It was found that high levels of ACTH were detected in all patients with primary insufficiency, and in most of them the levels of cortisol and UFC were low. No response of cortisol and UFC were observed after ACTH stimulation in the patients with primary insufficiency, but normal or delayed action was observed in the patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency. In most of secondary adrenal insufficiency the ACTH levels were in normal range but the cortisol and UFC levels were low; the elevated action of ACTH by insulin induced hypoglycemia test or aminoglutethimide test did not appear in the patients with secondary adrenal insufficiency. The results suggested that the low levels of cortisol and UFC were a common feature in the most of patients both with primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency. The ACTH level was the key indicator to distinguish the primary adrenal insufficiency from secondary adrenal insufficiency, as the ACTH levels were remarkably elevated in primary patients but were normal or decreased in secondary insufficiency patients. The ACTH stimulation test was useful in the diagnosis of the primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency. The insulin induced hypoglycemia test or aminoglutethimide test was valuable in the diagnosis of the secondary adrenal insufficiency.

Objective To explore the nonenhanced CT images,mechanism and clinical application of perinephric edema associated with acute ureterolithiasis.Methods Nonenhanced CT images in 73 patients with acute ureterolithiasis were retrospectively reviewed.Results Of 73 patients with acute ureterolithiasis,eight had no perinephric edema at CT,41 had limited edema and 24 had extensive edema.Conclusion Perinephric edema is a important CT finding of ureteral obstruction in patients with acute ureterolithiasis.