Liver metastases is the independent risk factor of prognosis of colorectal cancer.In this article we summarized the research about the mechanism of colorectal liver metastases over the latest five years.Studies showed that the specific cell adhesive interaction in metastatic target organs plays an important role in metastases. The metastatic procedure call be roughly assigned to:escape,adhesion,invasion,survival and proliferation.The interactions between tumor cells and nonparenchymal cens in the liver lead to tumor growth.Tumor micro-environ ment is characterized by the lack of oxygen,inflammation,immune suppression,meanwhile,the role played by cell factors in the tumor micro-environment can not be ignored.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of core∶dentin thickness ratio on the flexure strength, fracture mode and origin of bilayered IPS Empress Ⅱceramic composite specimens. Methods: IPS EmpressⅡ core ceramic, dentin porcelain and bilayered composite specimens with core∶dentin thickness ratio of 2∶1 and 1∶1 were tested in three-point flexure strength. Mean strengths and standard deviations were determined. The optical microscopy was employed for identification of the fracture mode and origin. Results: The flexure strength of dentin porcelain was the smallest (62.7 MPa), and the strength of bilayered composite specimens was smaller than single-layered core ceramic(190.2 MPa). The core∶dentin ratio did not influence the strength of bilayered composite specimens. The frequency of occurrence of bilayered specimen delaminations was higher in the group of core∶dentin thickness ratio of 1∶1 than in the group of 2∶1. Conclusion: IPS Empress Ⅱcore ceramic was significantly stronger than veneering dentin porcelain. Core∶dentin thickness ratio could significantly influence the fracture mode and origin, and bilayered IPS Empress Ⅱceramic composite specimens showed little influence in the fracture strength.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is the tiny variability existing in the cycles of the heart beats, which reflects the corresponding balance between sympathetic and vagus nerves. Since the nonlinear characteristic of HRV is confirmed, the Recurrence Plot method, a nonlinear dynamic analysis method based on the complexity, could be used to analyze HRV. The results showed the recurrence plot structures and some quantitative indices (L-Mean, L-Entr) during asphyxia insult vary significantly as compared to those in normal conditions, which offer a new method to monitor brain asphyxia injury.
Algorithms ; Animals ; Autonomic Nervous System ; physiopathology ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

ObjectiveTo compare the levels of sFas in the sera among Kawasaki disease (KD),incomplete Kawasaki disease (IKD),and normal control groups,and to analyze the relationship of sFas with IKD children.MethodsA total of 32 cases of acute KD and acute IKD children,and 20 cases of the control children were selected,respectively.The levels of serum sFas among three groups were measured using ELISA kits.Each child among the three groups was examined by echocardiography.Results(1)The levels of serum sFas among the three groups were[ (0.54±0.20)ng/L in KD,(0.55±0.16)ng/L in IKD,and (0.24 ± 0.04) ng/L] in control group,respectively.The overall means of sFas in the KD and IKD groups were higher than the control group,and the differences were statistically significant( F=29.276,P＜0.05 ).(2)The levels of serum sFas among echocardiography abnormal and normal groups were[ (0.65±0.19) ng/L and (0.49±0.10)ng/L],respectively; and the difference between two groups were statistically significant ( t=3.139,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThe expression levels of sFas in the peripheral serum of IKD children were increased,and there was a close association of overexpression of sFas with the cardiovascular damage in IKD children.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the three-dimensional ultrasound locatization in endoscopic thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter (MG). METHOD: Thirty two patients with MG underwent ET via bilateral areolar approach. Preoperative ultrasonography were used to locate lesions and marked in the 3-D map designed by us. Dur ing ET procedure, surgery skills were adopted to expose inferior pole of thyroid, glands in the area of Berry ligament or (and) upper pole were retained according to the preoperative location map. RESULT: According to the preoperative ultrasonic orientation, 3 lobectomy were performed in 15 cases of unilateral lesions, 12 subtotal thyroidectomy were performed in 17 cases of bilateral lesions, and 5 patients performed unilateral lobectomy add partial thyroidectomy. All patients had successful ET using bilateral areola approach. No conversions to open surgery, no complication occurred, and no nodules were found missing in the postoperative ultrasonography examinations. CONCLUSION Preoperative ultrasonic orientation and intraoperative operating skills are contributing to a successful ET for MG.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Goiter, Nodular ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroidectomy ; methods ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult

Due to its great clinical significance, brain injury following cardiac arrest (CA) has attracted more attention now. Meanwhile, there are currently no approved real time objective methods used to monitor brain injury following CA. In this study, we adopt the method of nonextensive Kullback-Leibler Entropy in investigating the HRV signals from brain injury and compare the result with that of corresponding EEG analysis. The comparative analysis shows that Kullback-Leibler Entropy can reveal the injury level of brain following CA. And we propose a novel quantitative approach for monitoring brain injury.
Algorithms ; Brain ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Heart Arrest ; complications ; Heart Rate ; physiology ; Humans

Objective To explore the effect of Fas, Fas ligand (FasL), soluble Fas (sFas) and their clinical significance in KD. Methods The expression of Fas, FasL in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLC) were detected with flow cytometery at acute and remission stages in patients with KD; and the serums Fas was detected by double antibody sandwich ELISA in the patients with KD at acute and remission stage, meanwhile erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) were also tested. Results The expression of Fas, FasL in PBLC in patients with KD at acute stage was (14.2±0.5)% and (1.61±0.09)% respectively , which were significantly lower than those at remission stage [(15.7±0.5)%, (1.95±0.09)% respectively (P<0.05 and P<0.01)]. The expression of Fas in PBLC in the patients with KD at acute and remission stage was both significantly lower than that in normal control group (20.8±0.5)% (P<0.01 both);The expression of FasL in PBLC in patients with KD at acute and remission stage was both significantly lower than that in normal control group (20.8±0.5)% (P<0.01 both); the serum sFas in patients with KD at acute and remission stage was (1906±55)μg/L and (1622±52)μg/L respectively , which was significantly higher than that in normal control group (1151±51)μg/L (P<0.01 both); the serum sFas at acute stage was obviously higher than that at remission stage (P<0.01); there was positive correlation between sFas and ESR, CRP (P<0.01 both). Conclusion There are abnormal expressions of Fas/FasL in PBLC and sFas in patients with KD. Fas/FasL is lower and sFas is higher than that of the controls. The abnormal expression of Fas/ FasL in lymphocytes and the apoptosis triggered by sFas are probably involved in the immunological aberrance and pathogenesis of KD. sFas may be used as a marker to evaluate the disease activity and therapeutic efficacy.

Retinal model is an essential part in the retinal prosthesis. Based on the retinal physiology and the experimental data, the model is able to simulate the information processing in the retina, and can be used to investigate the relation between the input image and the neuron firing. We can categorize the models into circuit realization and algorithm realization. This article is a state-of-art review of different types of retinal models.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Models, Neurological ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retina ; anatomy & histology ; physiology

Cortical visual prosthesis, optic nerve visual prosthesis and vision substitution devices are alternative ways for repairing the visual impairment in case of optic nerve injury, retina lose or blindness without fully developed central visual system. This article is a state-of-art review of the principles, technical details and the limitations of different types of prostheses beyond the retinal prosthesis.
Animals ; Artificial Intelligence ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Optic Nerve ; physiopathology ; Prosthesis Design ; Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; trends ; Retinal Ganglion Cells ; physiology ; Vision Disorders ; rehabilitation ; Visual Cortex ; physiopathology ; Visual Pathways ; physiopathology

Research on how to totally or partially restore the vision has attracted more attention in the fields of neural engineering and tissue engineering. Neural interface and visual prosthesis offer alternative ways for partially repairing the visual impairment. The most widely used visual prosthetics are based on retinal stimulation. This article is a state-of-art review of the principles, technical details and the limitations of retinal prosthesis.
Blindness ; therapy ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; methods ; trends ; Retina ; physiology ; Visual Perception ; physiology