Objective To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Neiguan point (PC6) and Jianshi point (PC5) combined with granisetron on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Methods Seventy-two tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy were randomly divided into an electroacupuncture group (38 patients) and a false electroacupuncture group (34 patients). The electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at PC6 and PC5 (1 h, bid) combined with granisetron (3 mg, i.v.) 30 min before chemotherapy, and repeat one time after 12 h. The false electroacupuncture group received electroacupunctur at false PC6 and false PC5, and other treatment same as the electroacupuncture group. Both groups were treated for 3 days. The nausea and vomiting frequencies and clinical effects were compared between the two groups. Results The vomiting frequency in the electroacupuncture group was significantly lower than that in the false electroacupuncture group on day 2 (0.37 ± 0.75 vs. 1.12 ± 2.13;t=2.034, P=0.046). The nausea degree in the electroacupuncture group was significantly lower than that in the false electroacupuncture group on day 2 (1.21 ± 0.93 vs. 1.88 ± 0.59;t=3.596, P=0.001) and day 3 (1.26 ± 0.92 vs. 1.68 ± 0.53; t=2.293, P=0.025). The total effective rate in the electroacupuncture group was significantly higher than those in the false electroacupuncture group on day 2 (76.3% vs. 64.7%; χ2=12.390, P=0.006) and day 3 (73.7%vs. 64.7%;χ2=12.313, P=0.006). Conclusions Electroacupuncture at PC6 and PC5 combined with granisetron can attenuate chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

is of STC.Exogenous GDNF may improve the colon motor function by up-regulation of GDNF.

Objective To investigate the action and the mechanisms of nerve growth factor(NGF) and its receptor(p75、TrkA) on the pathological alterations of the enteric nervous syst em in the rats cathartic colon. Methods The experimental animal model of cathartic colon was established by using rhubar b and phenolphthalein. Thirty Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided int o the control group(10 rats) and cathartic colon model groups(10 rats with rhuba r b group; 10 rats with phenolphthalein group). The model group rats were fed with stimulant laxatives rhubarb and phenolphthalein respectively, and the control g roup rats were fed with distilled water. The rats were killed and the colon samp les were taken after 3 months. The expressions of the mRNA of NGF, p75 and TrkA in the colonic tissues were detected by semi-quantitive reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) technique. Results The expressional levels of NGF mRNA were lower in the rhubarb group and phenolph thalein group than that in control group (P

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of esomeprazole in long-term or intermittent treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods Twenty-eight patients with GERD who accepted esomeprazole 20 mg bid for 2 weeks were further divided into long-term treatment group and intermittent treatment group according to the protocol of therapy. Patients in long-term treatment group were received minimum dose that was needed to relief the symptoms for more than 6 months, whereas those in intermittent treatment group were received esomeprazole 20 mg qd until the symptoms completely disappeared, if symptoms relapsed the patients were treated again.The dosage, recurrence of symptoms and the side effects were compared between two groups. ResultsThirteen patients in long-term treatment group were treated for 7-44 months (20 mg daily in 7,twice daily in 5 and every other day in 1). While 15 patients in intermittent treatment group had a good relief of the symptoms. No adverse reactions was found in two groups. The follow-up study of 10-57 months in intermittent treatment group revcaled that the longer the treatment maintained,the longer the symptoms relieved (r=0. 447, P= 0. 008). Conclusion It is safe for esomeprazole in relieving symptoms of patients with GERD by long time or intermittent use.

Objective To study the expression of Akt and MAPK in the stomach and colon of slow transit constipation (STC) in rats, as well as the effect of exogenous glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on it. Methods Forty-four SD rats were divided into control group and model group randomly. The STC model group was established by gastric irrigation of rhubarb for 3.5 months. The control group was received normal saline. After model building, each group was equally divided into 2 subgroup randomly, administrated with exogenous GDNF and normal saline by vein injection for one week respectively. The expression of Akt and MAPK in stomach and colon was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results ( 1 ) The expression of Akt in the stomach tended to weaker in STC rats comparing with the normal rats ( P ＞ 0. 05 ), but it was stronger in STC plus GDNF group than in STC group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). ( 2 ) The expression of Akt and MAPK in the colon was weaker in STC group than in the normal group ( all P ＜0. 05 ), and was stronger in STC plus GDNF group than in STC group ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ). ( 3 ) The expression of MAPK in the stomach in STC group was weaker than in normal group (P ＜ 0.05 ), and was stronger in STC plus GDNF group than in STC group (P ＜0.01 ). There was no significant difference among STC plus GDNF group, normal group and GDNF group (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Long term consumption of rhubarb could induce STC by down-regulating the expression of Akt and MAPK in digestive tract. Exogenous GDNF may have a potential role on the etiology of STC.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative colonic stenting versus emergency surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction based on literature. Methods The randomized clinical trials (RCT) on the subject were retrieved from PubMed,OVID,EMBASE,Cochrane library,CNKI,Wanfang data and VIP Chinese Scientific and Technologic Periodical Database.Statistical heterogeneity between trials was evaluated by Revman 5.0 and was considered to exist when P ＜ 0.1.Heterogeneity of the included articles was tested,which was used to select proper effect model.Publication bias was investigated through visual inspection of funnel plots.Results Five RCT including 283 cases were analyzed,in which 145 patients received preoperative colonic stenting and 138 received emergency surgery.Compared with those of emergency surgery groups,the total OR of permanent stoma,one-stage operation,and infection of preoperative colonic stenting group were 0.28 (95％ CI:0.12 - 0.62,P =0.002),2.13 (95 ％ CI:1.28 - 3.55,P =0.004) and 0.25 (95％ CI:0.08 - 0.80,P =0.02),respectively.There were no significant differences between 2 groups in anastomotic leakage,mortality,intra-abdominal infection,or overall morbidity.OR were 0.70 (95％ CI:0.29 - 1.71,P =0.44),1.17 (95％ CI:0.49 -2.79,P=0.72),0.27 (95％CI:0.03-2.65,P=0.26) and 0.32 (95％CI:0.07-1.42,P=0.13),respectively.Inspection of the funnel plots for all outcome measures did not reveal evidence of publication bias.Conclusion Preoperative colonic stenting significantly improves one-stage operation and decrease the rates of permanent stoma and wound infection.However,large-scale and high-quality RCTs are further needed.

Objective To investigate the protection effects of teprenone in aspirin-induced gastric mucosa injury.Methods From 2008 to 2010,a total of 296 patients who took aspirin for the first time at the Department of Cardiovascular,First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University were randomly divided into two groups.There were 166 cases in aspirin group,which took aspirin 100mg daily; 130 cases in aspirin and teprenone group,the aspirin dose equivalent with aspirin group and took teprenone 50mg/time,3 times/day orally.Gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric mucosa injury of patients in these two group were inspected at 3 month,6 month and 1 year.Results A total of 143 cases were recruited in aspirin group and 118 cases in aspirin and teprenone group.After taking medicine for 3 months,the occurrence rate of gastrointestinal symptoms in aspirin group was 1.40 ％.Compared with aspirin and teprenone group,the difference was statistical significant (0,x2 =1.663,P＝ 0.197).Follow up after taking medicine for 6 months,the occurrence rate of gastrointestinal symptoms in aspirin group was 4.96％.Compared with aspirin and teprenone group,the difference was statistical significant (0,x2 ＝6.021,P＝0.014).Follow up after taking medicine for 1 year,the occurrence rate of gastrointestinal symptoms in aspirin group was 20.15 ％.Compared with aspirin and teprenone group,the difference was statistical significant (1.69％,x2 =20.984,P=0.001).Compared with aspirin group,the symptom and endoscopy score of aspirin and teprenone group decreased significantly at follow-up for 6 months and 1 year (P＜0.05; P＜0.01 ).Compared with at 6 month,the symptom and endoscopy score of aspirin group at 1 year increased significantly (P＜0.05 ; P＜0.01).Conclusion Teprenone has certain protection effects in aspirin-induced gastric mucosa injury.Long-term use of conventional doses of aspirin may cause vary degrees of gastric mucosal injury,and the gastric mucosal injury get more severe as the time of taking medicine increases.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of itopride in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) according to the data of published clinical studies.Methods The papers about randomized controlled trials (RCT) of itopride in treatment of FD were searched from Cochrane library,EMBASE,PubMed,Elsevier,web of science (ISI),China national knonledge internet (CNKI),VIP Chinese Scientific and Technologic Periodical Database and Wanfang data,and the feature information in the studies were extracted.The relative risk (RR) value was used for count data and the weighted mean difference (WMD) was used for measurement data.The proper effect model was selected according to the results of heterogeneity test and the publication bias was investigated through visual inspection of funnel plots.Results A total of nine RCT met the inclusion standard.Of 2620 FD cases,1372 received itopride treatment and 1248 cases received placebo or other medicine as control treatment.The RR value of total effective rates,postprandial fullness and early satiety effective rates in itopride treated FD patients was 1.11 (95％CI:1.01,1.21; P=0.02),1.18 (95％CI:1.04,1.33; P=0.009),1.24 (95％CI:1.01,1.53; P=0.04),which showed the curative effects of itropride group were all better than those of control group.However there was no statistical significance in epigastric discomfort.The WMD of effective rates evaluated with the leeds dyspepsia questionnaire (LDQ) score was-1.38 (95％CI:-1.75,-1.01; P＜0.01),which showed the curative effect of itropride group was better than that of control group.For safety,the adverse effects rates of itopride groups were similar with control groups.The funnel plots of each inspection index presented wide bottom,narrow up and symmetrical graphics,which indicated that there was no publication bias.Conclusion Itopride has better efficacy in general symptoms,postprandial fullness,early satiety and LDQ score in FD patients,and few effects are detected.

Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)on colon glial cells in slow transit constipation (STC ) rats,and to explore the optimal concentration of GDNF in order to provide evidence for intestinal neurotrophic therapy in the treatment of STC.Methods A total of 132 SD rats were divided into STC group and control group,66 rats in each group.STC rats were established by feeding with rhubarb.Six rats were randomly selected from either groups to verify whether STC model was successfully established.And the left 120 rats of two groups were randomly divided into six subgroups:STC group one to group six and control group one to group six,ten rats in each group,which were untreated,injected through tail vein with saline,and 0.001 ,0.010, 0.050,0.100 μg/L GDNF 2 mL respectively for one week.The expression of Sox-8 at protein level of either group were detected by Western blotting.Independent sample t test was performed for statistical analysis.Results After treated with 0.001 μg/L GDNF (STC group three),there was no significant
difference in expression level of Sox-8 between STC group three and STC group one (13.38 ±0.70 vs 13.39±0.45 ,t = 0.042,P = 0.969 ).After treated with 0.010 μg/L GDNF (STC group four),the difference in expression level of Sox-8 between STC group four and STC group three was significant (21 .11 ±2.56 vs 13.38±0.70,t=5 .040,P <0.01).After treated with 0.050 μg/mL GDNF (STC group five),the expression level of Sox-8 was higher than that in STC group four (31.86±1.57 vs 21.11±2.56,t=-6.198,P <0.01 ).The Sox-8 expression of untreated,saline treated,0.001 and 0.050 μg/L GDNF treated STC rats (STC group one,two,three and five)were lower than those of the corresponding control groups (t= 3.394,12.103,10.302,- 6.120,all P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Exogenous GDNF could increase Sox-8 expression in colon tissue of STC rats,an increase in the number of colon glial cells could repair enteric nervous system,and 0.050 μg/L was the optimal concentration.

Objective To establish an ion chromatography method to determine the content of galactosamine in heparin sodium sample. Methods The content of galactosamine was determined by the ratio of response value of galactosamine and glucosamine.The determination was performed on an Dionex ICS, and the separation was carried out on a Amino acids capture column (30 mm ×3 mm), Series protect column (30 mm × 3 mm)and analytical column CarboPac PA20 (150 mm ×3 mm).The mobile phase was 14 mM potassium hydroxide solution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min; the column tempertature was at 30℃; the injection volume was 10μL.Results Glucosamine hydrochloride had good linearity within the range of 1.013 -16.211μg/mL(Y=2.303 4X+0.824 2,r=0.998 3), the average accuracy was 92.7%, and RSD was 3.2%(n=9), the limit of detection was 0.101 3μg/mL, and the limit of quantitation was 0.337 7μg/mL.D-Galactosamine hydrochloride had good linearity within the range of 0.010 2 -0.162 5 g/mL, (Y=31.157X-0.114 4,r=0.999 3).The accuracy was 102.1%, RSD was 2.4%(n=9).The limit of detection was 0.001 0μg/mL, and the limit of quantitation was 0.003 4μg/mL.The determination of galactosamine in 3 batches of heparin sodium raw material was not detected, (0.02 ±2.1)%, (0.03 ±1.5)%, respectively, which were all lower than the limit value (1%) of United States Pharmacopeia regulation.Conclusion The method for the determination of galactosamine in total hexose amine is successfully developed , which could be used as reference for improvement of the quality standard of heparin sodium.