Cellular dysfunction caused by vesicle transport is associated with a variety of diseases.The trans-Golgi network(TGN)to endosome transport is an important pathway of vesicle transport,and its defects leading to protein balance disorders has been linked to many diseases such as cancer,neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes mellitus.Gol-gi-associated gamma-adaptin ear-containing ADP-ribosylation factor-binding protein 2(GGA2)is a crucial protein in-volved in TGN-endosomal transport.It plays a significant role in the regulation of several diseases,including cancer,Al-zheimer disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus and cerebral ischemia,by mediating protein transport with important biological significance.This article provides an overview of the molecular structure of GGA2,its role in regulating clathrin-mediated protein transport between TGN and endosomes,and its potential implications for a variety of diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between preoperative pain threshold and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) in the patients undergoing thoracoscopic pneumonectomy.Methods:One hundred patients of both sexes, aged 18-75 yr, with body mass index of 18-35 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for thoracoscopic pneumonectomy at West China Hospital of Sichuan University from December 2019 to February 2020, were selected. The pain threshold was measured using Pain Vision at 1 day before surgery. Telephone follow-up was implemented by a pain questionnaire to assess CPSP (numerical rating scale score ≥1) at 3 months after surgery. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for CPSP, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative pain threshold in predicting CPSP. Results:Ninety-four patients were finally enrolled, of which 38 cases (40%) developed CPSP. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low preoperative pain threshold was an independent risk factor for CPSP ( OR=0.899, 95% confidence interval 0.854-0.946, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.882 (95% confidence interval 0.804-0.960), Youden Index was 0.673, the sensitivity was 0.816, and the specificity was 0.857. Conclusions:Low preoperative pain threshold is an independent risk factor for CPSP, and preoperative pain threshold can predict the occurrence of CPSP in the patients undergoing thoracoscopic pneumonectomy.

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were the main members of the natriuretic peptide family. BNP has the effects of diuretic sodium, reducing sympathetic nervous system activity, dilating blood vessels, and improving the pathological remodeling of heart. Plasma BNP/NT-proBNP levels have been widely used in the diagnosis, severity assessment, prognosis prediction and treatment guidance of heart failure. In recent years, BNP/NT-proBNP has become a research hotspot in the diagnosis and and prognosis judgment of atrial fibrillation, recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation and cardioversion and congenital heart disease in infants and children, prediction of postoperative complications, and drug development. This article reviews the latest advances in clinical application and research progress on BNP/NT-proBNP.

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of CD70 and the methylation level of CD70 promoter in immuno-related pancytopenia（IRP）patients, and explore the role of CD70 in the pathogenesis of IRP.

METHODSThirty- five IRP patients and fifteen healthy donors were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from venous blood by density gradient centrifugation, and CD4(+) T cells were isolated by immunomagnetic beads. The mRNA level and the percentage of CD70 of CD4(+) T cells were measured by real- time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT- PCR）and flow cytometry respectively. Methylation- Specific PCR（MSP）was performed to determine the methylation level of CD70 promoter.

RESULTSThe percentage of CD70 expression on CD4(+) T cells of untreated IRP patients［（7.46±1.51）%］was significantly higher than that of recovered ones［（5.95±1.34）%］and normal controls［（1.83 ± 0.60）%］, and that of recovered IRP patients was significantly higher than of normal controls（P<0.05）. The relative expressions of CD70 mRNA in CD4(+) T cells were 2.314（0.200-6.084）, 1.021（0.135-3.434）, 0.353（0.008-2.258）in three groups respectively. The differences among untreated IRP patients, recovered IRP patients and normal controls were significant（P<0.05）. The CD70 promoter methylation level in CD4(+) T cells of all IRP patients was significantly lower than that of normal controls （P<0.05）. The expression of CD70 positively correlated to the ratio of CD5(+) B cells（r=0.533, P<0.01）.

CONCLUSIONThe overexpression of CD70 may lead to immunologic disarrangement of patients, which may play important role in the pathogenesis of IRP.

B-Lymphocytes ; CD27 Ligand ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Pancytopenia ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Messenger ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Humans ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Oncogenes ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Cell Movement