OBJECTIVETo observe dynamic changes of blood lead concentration in rats with long-term toxicity test with Goupi Gao by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry, in order to provide reference for safe administration of Goupi Gao.

METHODThe rats were administered with Goupi Gao by high-dose (7 g x kg(-1)), medium-dose (3.5 g x kg(-1)), low-dose (1.75 g x kg(-1)) by external use for consecutively 90 days. Then, the blood samples were collected from the rats before the administration and at 10, 30, 45, 52, 60, 90 d after the administration respectively, as well as 16 d and 28 d after the drug withdrawal. The samples were dispelled with microwave digestion system and then were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for blood lead levels.

RESULTAccording to methodological study, the standard curve regression equation in this experiment was A = 0.004 9X + 0. 017, r = 0.999 5, with the detection limit up to 0. 380 microg x L(-1). The RSD was 1.4% by precision checks. Blood lead level of mixed blood samples was 175.77 microg x L(-1), whose RSD was 6. 0%. Blood lead concentration gradually increased after low-dose and medium-dose administration to rats and became stable at the 10th day and the 30th day by high-dose. Dose is directly related to blood lead concentration. Meanwhile, the blood lead concentration decreases after the drug withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONThe method of determination in this experiment is so accurate and reliable that it can be used for the determination of blood lead. Long-term and high-dose external use of Goupi Gao can increase blood lead.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Female ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Time Factors ; Toxicity Tests

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of five diarylheptanoids (1-5) isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale.

METHODVarious models such as scavenging superoxide anions and 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, as well as protecting of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were employed to assay the antioxidative effects of the diarylheptanoids. The cytotoxicities of compounds 1-5 were measured with MTT assays.

RESULTThe test compounds (1-5) showed promising DPPH inhibitory activities, and compound 5 exhibited the strongest DPPH scavenging activity with an IC50 value of (22.6+/-2.4) micromol x L(-1). Compounds 1, 3 and 4 showed potential anti-peroxidative effects with inhibitory rates of (66.3+/-15.4)%, (68.7+/-15.8)% and (72.2+/-10.6)%, respectively, at 100 microg x mL(-1). It could be observed that compounds 1, 3 and 4 demonstrated significant neuroprotective activities in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compound 3 exhibited certain cytotoxicities against human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (K562) and its adriamycin-resistant cells (K562/ADR) with IC50 values of (34.9+/-0.6), (50.6+/-23.5) micromol x L(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONIn vitro results demonstrated that five diarylheptanoids (1-5) isolated from the roots of Z. officinale were capable of scavenging radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting PC12 cells against the insult by H2O2. Additionally, compound 3 could inhibit the growth of K562 and K562/ADR cells.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; toxicity ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cytotoxins ; toxicity ; Diarylheptanoids ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; toxicity ; Free Radicals ; metabolism ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; K562 Cells ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in tuberculous meningitis (TBM).Methods:From August 1, 2020 to August 31, 2022, 99 patients with suspected TBM admitted to the Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were enrolled. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was tested for mNGS, GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampin (GeneXpert MTB/RIF) and mycobacterium culture. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, agreement rate, Kappa value of the diagnostic efficacy of the three test methods were compared.The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the diagnostic efficacy of mNGS was drawn. Chi-square test and rank sum test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the 99 suspected patients with TBM, 67 were diagnosed with TBM and 32 were non-TBM. Based on the results of 67 cases clinically diagnosed with TBM, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, agreement rate and Kappa value of mNGS for the diagnosis of TBM were 82.1%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 72.7%, 87.9% and 0.748, respectively. The sensitivity of mNGS was higher than that of GeneXpert MTB/RIF (50.7%) and mycobacterium culture (28.4%). The differences were statistically significant ( χ2=12.61 and 32.42, respectively, both P<0.01). The detection time of mNGS was 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) day, which was shorter than 42.0 (42.0, 42.0) days of mycobacterium culture with statistical significance ( Z=10.80, P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that mNGS had the best diagnostic efficacy when the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis sequences in CSF was one. Conclusions:The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS in the diagnosis of TBM are high, and the detection time is shorter, which could be used in the early diagnosis of TBM.

Objective To explore the difference in left ventricular reverse remodeling(LVRR)between coarctation of aorta(CoA)complicated by bicuspid aortic valve(BAV)and that by tricuspid aortic valve(TAV)after percutaneous intervention.Methods The clinical data on 47 patients undergoing percutaneous balloon dila-tion and stent implantation due to CoA in Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the preoperative imaging data,there were 18 patients with BAVA and 29 with TAV.The results of echocardiography before and one year after the procedure were compared.Results CoA Vmax,CoA PG,LVEDd,LVEDdi,LVM and LVMI were significantly improved in CoA patients one year after percutaneous intervention,and 23.4%of the patients developed left ventricular reverse remodeling.AV Vmax,AV PG and LVEDdi in the patients with BAV were higher than those in the TAV group(P = 0.005 and P = 0.007;P = 0.03),and the rate of left ventricular reverse remodeling in BAV patients was lower than that in TAV patients,but there was no statistical significance.Multivariate analysis did not find any influence factors affecting left ventricular reverse remodeling one year after the procedure.Conclusions Part of the CoA patients develops left ventricular remodeling reversal one year after percutaneous intervention.LVRR in patients with BAV is lower than that in those with TAV,which still needs further clinical research.

Purpose To identify hemangioma(HE)and Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma(KHE)by constructing two ultrasonography-based radiomics models to evaluate the application value of two models in distinguishing HE from KHE,and to compare the diagnostic efficiency of two models.Materials and Methods A total of 90 lesions of subcutaneous HE or KHE confirmed clinically or pathologically from Henan Provincial People's Hospital from August 2020 to May 2022,were retrospectively analyzed.Imaging features were extracted by using Pyradiomics and screened out by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm.Support vector machine and random forest were used to construct the radiomics models.Then the diagnostic efficacy of different models was compared.Results Based on the selected 10 radiomics features,the area under the curve,accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative prediction the training group and validation group of the support vector machine model were 0.902(95%CI 0.887-0.917),92.1%,85.0%,92.3%,90.9%,93.5%and 0.827(95%CI 0.787-0.856),85.2%,70.0%,94.1%,90.9%,85.0%,respectively;and those in the training group and validation group of the random forest model were 0.960(95%CI 0.938-0.983),98.4%,96.4%,97.8%,98.1%,97.2%and 0.742(95%CI 0.699-0.785),77.8%,57.1%,82.3%,79.6%,62.5%,respectively.The area under the curve between two models in the training group and validation group was statistically significant(Z=-3.306,-2.009;P<0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonography-based radiomics can distinguish HE from KHE,support vector machine model shows more stable diagnostic performance in small sample data.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value and related factors of heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) in patients with heart failure.Methods:A total of 877 consecutive patients who were admitted to heart failure care unit of Fuwai hospital and diagnosed as heart failure from July 2015 to July 2017 were enrolled in this study. Baseline serum H-FABP concentration was measured by fluorescence lateral flow immunoassay. According to serum H-FABP levels, patients were divided into three groups: low H-FABP group (H-FABP≤4.04 ng/ml, n=292), middle H-FABP group (H-FABP 4.04-7.02 ng/ml, n=292) and high H-FABP group (H-FABP≥7.02 ng/ml, n=293). The general clinical characteristics were collected and compared among the three groups. According to whether heart failure was caused by coronary artery disease or not, patients with heart failure were divided into ischemic heart failure and non-ischemic heart failure. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to explore the independent risk factors of H-FABP. The primary endpoint events were the composite of all-cause death or heart transplantation. Multivariate Cox regression analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, risk prediction tests with multivariate Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between H-FABP and the prognosis of heart failure. Results:Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, coronary artery disease, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were positively associated with H-FABP (β=0.012, 0.238, 0.001, 0.345 and 0.063 respectively,all P<0.05), while female, hemoglobin, albumin, sodium, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were negatively associated with H-FABP (β=-0.184, -0.006, -0.016, -0.034 and -0.006 respectively, all P<0.05). One hundred and nineteen patients (13.6%) lost to follow-up, and 246 patients (32.5%) suffered from all-cause death or heart transplantation during the median follow-up duration of 931 (412-1 185) days. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline H-FABP (log 2H-FABP) level was the independent predictor of all-cause death or heart transplantation in patients with heart failure ( HR=1.39, P<0.001). ROC curves showed that baseline H-FABP was a predictor of all-cause death or heart transplantation in patients with heart failure within 3 months, 1 year and 2 years (areas under the curves were 0.69, 0.69 and 0.71 respectively), and the best cut-off values were 5.85 ng/ml, 6.54 ng/ml and 6.54 ng/ml respectively. Risk prediction test with multivariate Cox regression model showed that baseline H-FABP could provide additional prognostic value in predicting all-cause death or heart transplantation for patients with heart failure on top of basic model and baseline NT-proBNP ( P<0.001). Taking 6.54 ng/ml and trisected levels of H-FABP as cut-off values respectively, Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that the survival rates were significantly different among the two or three groups ( P<0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that baseline H-FABP (log 2H-FABP) level was an independent predictor of all-cause death or heart transplantation in patients with ischemic heart failure ( HR=1.74, P<0.001), as well as in patients with non-ischemic heart failure ( HR=1.28, P=0.027). Conclusions:Age, sex, coronary artery disease, hemoglobin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, sodium, eGFR, uric acid and NT-proBNP are associated with H-FABP level. Baseline H-FABP level is an independent predictor of all-cause death or heart transplantation in patients with heart failure. On top of basic model and baseline NT-proBNP, baseline H-FABP could provide additional prognostic value in predicting adverse events for patients with heart failure.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of pulmonary effective arterial elastance (Ea) in patients with heart failure (HF).Methods:This is a retrospective cohort study, which retrospectively included 284 patients with HF who underwent right heart catheterization at Heart Failure Center in Fuwai Hospital between September 2013 and February 2022. Data regarding baseline clinical characteristics, hemodynamic profiles, and prognosis were collected. Ea was calculated as mean pulmonary arterial pressure/stroke volume. Patients were divided into Ea<0.555 group and Ea≥0.555 group according to the median value of Ea (0.555 mmHg/ml, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). The primary outcome was the primary clinical event, set as the first occurrence of a series of composite events, including all-cause death, heart transplantation, left ventricular assist device implantation, and HF rehospitalization. Event-free survival was defined as the absence of primary clinical events. Spearman correlation analysis was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between Ea and parameters reflective of right heart function. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the different groups for the estimation of outcomes with the log-rank test. We used Cox proportional-hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios ( HR) for primary clinical event. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the age, gender, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, presence of pulmonary hypertension, and serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) values. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to calculate the area under the curve ( AUC) of Ea for predicting event-free survival in patients with HF. Results:The median age was 51 years, and 206 (72.5%) patients were male. Ea and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) were significantly correlated ( r=0.698, P<0.001). The correlation between Ea and pulmonary arterial elastance (PAC) were even more significant ( r=-0.888, P<0.001). Compared with Ea<0.555 group, Ea≥0.555 group presented with higher serum NT-proBNP values (4 443 (1 792, 8 554) ng/L vs. 1 721 (480, 4 528)ng/L, P<0.001), higher PVR (3.4 (2.5, 4.7) Wood vs. 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) Wood, P<0.001), lower cardiac output (3.0 (2.3, 3.9) L/min vs. 4.3 (3.8, 4.9) L/min, P<0.001), and lower PAC (1.6 (1.3, 2.0) ml/mmHg vs. 4.0 (3.0, 6.0) ml/mmHg, P<0.001). The median follow-up time was 392 (166, 811) days. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated a lower event-free survival rate in the Ea≥0.555 group compared to the Ea<0.555 group ( Plog-rank<0.001). After multivariate adjustment, Ea ( HR=1.734, P<0.001) remained significantly associated with the primary outcome. Subgroup analysis indicated that Ea was associated with the primary outcome across all subgroups. The AUC was 0.724 ( P<0.001) for Ea to predict event-free survival calculated from ROC analysis. Conclusions:Ea is closely related to parameters reflective of right ventricular afterload. Increased Ea is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with HF.

【Objective】  To study the effects of soil environment on the growth, yield, and quality of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) under different planting patterns. 【Methods】  Soil physical and chemical indices and enzyme activities in four periods including early flowering (March), full flowering (June), fruit ripening (September), and late fruit picking (December), were measured under three planting patterns including natural forest, greenhouse, and rubber forest in Xishuangbanna, China. The changes in soil indices during the growth periods of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) under different planting patterns were analyzed, and the differences in plant growth, yield, and quality under different planting patterns were explored. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between soil indices and Sharen (Amomi Fructus) growth, yield, and quality. Principal component analysis was used to investigate the effects of soil environment under different planting patterns on Sharen (Amomi Fructus) growth, yield, and quality. 【Results】  The soil moisture, available potassium content, and urease activity of the three planting patterns of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) increased initially and decreased afterwards throughout the year; pH and organic matter content showed little change in the whole year. Exchangeable manganese content and acid phosphatase activity gradually increased throughout the year. Hydrolyzed nitrogen content, exchangeable calcium content, available zinc content, protease activity, and sucrase activity decreased initially and increased afterwards throughout the year. Exchangeable magnesium content, available iron content, and catalase activity decreased annually. Total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content, and available phosphorus content fluctuated throughout the year. The total potassium content under natural forest and greenhouse planting decreased throughout the year, while the total potassium content under rubber forest showed an upward trend all year round. The organic matter content, total nitrogen content, total potassium content, available potassium content, available zinc content, urease activity, acid phosphatase activity, and catalase activity under greenhouse were significantly lower than those under natural and rubber forests (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that plant growth, yield, and quality of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) were significantly correlated with soil organic matter, total nitrogen, hydrolyzed nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium, exchangeable manganese, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable calcium, available zinc, urease, acid phosphatase, and invertase (P <  0.05). The results of the principal component analysis indicated that the soil environment of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) under natural forest was the best, followed by rubber forest and greenhouse. The order of its advantages and disadvantages is consistent with the growth index of Sharen (Amomi Fructus), but contrary to the yield of Sharen (Amomi Fructus), indicating that the soil environment directly affects the growth index and nutritional components of plants. 【Conclusion】  Different planting patterns of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) have different soil nutrient content, and the change rules in the growths period are not similar, with some differences. Soil indices have impacts on plant growth, yield, and quality of Sharen (Amomi Fructus). Soil ecological environment is positively correlated with the growth characteristics of Sharen (Amomi Fructus) plants, but has no direct correlation with yield and quality.

Transcranial magneto-acoustic electrical stimulation (TMAES) is a novel method of brain nerve regulation and research, which uses induction current generated by the coupling of ultrasound and magnetic field to regulate neural electrical activity in different brain regions. As the second special envoy of nerve signal, calcium plays a key role in nerve signal transmission. In order to investigate the effect of TMAES on prefrontal cortex electrical activity, 15 mice were divided into control group, ultrasound stimulation (TUS) group and TMAES group. The TMAES group received 2.6 W/cm ² and 0.3 T of magnetic induction intensity, the TUS group received only ultrasound stimulation, and the control group received no ultrasound and magnetic field for one week. The calcium ion concentration in the prefrontal cortex of mice was recorded in real time by optical fiber photometric detection technology. The new object recognition experiment was conducted to compare the behavioral differences and the time-frequency distribution of calcium signal in each group. The results showed that the mean value of calcium transient signal in the TMAES group was (4.84 ± 0.11)% within 10 s after the stimulation, which was higher than that in the TUS group (4.40 ± 0.10)% and the control group (4.22 ± 0.08)%, and the waveform of calcium transient signal was slower, suggesting that calcium metabolism was faster. The main energy band of the TMAES group was 0-20 Hz, that of the TUS group was 0-12 Hz and that of the control group was 0-8 Hz. The cognitive index was 0.71 in the TMAES group, 0.63 in the TUS group, and 0.58 in the control group, indicating that both ultrasonic and magneto-acoustic stimulation could improve the cognitive ability of mice, but the effect of the TMAES group was better than that of the TUS group. These results suggest that TMAES can change the calcium homeostasis of prefrontal cortex nerve clusters, regulate the discharge activity of prefrontal nerve clusters, and promote cognitive function. The results of this study provide data support and reference for further exploration of the deep neural mechanism of TMAES.
Acoustics ; Animals ; Brain ; Calcium ; Electric Stimulation ; Mice ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

[Objective] To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of Antopol Goldman lesion (AGL) in clinical practice. [Methods] Clinical data and diagnosis and treatment process of one AGL case treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literature was reviewed. [Results] The patient presented with painless gross hematuria and right-sided lower back pain.Imaging examination suggested swelling of the right kidney, blood accumulation in the right calyx, renal pelvis and lower ureter, blood clot in the bladder, and multiple small stones in the left kidney.After multidisciplinary consultation, close imaging follow-up, interventional and flexible ureterdscope examination, tumors of hematological diseases, renal hematuria, arteriovenous fistula and collection system were excluded.After conservative treatment, the patient gradually recovered.During the follow-up of 1 year, no hematuria or low back pain recurred. [Conclusion] There is no clear diagnostic standard for AGL.Diagnosis relies on imaging, interventional methods and ureteroscopy.It is necessary to exclude other diseases and adopt conservative treatment.