Objective To investigate the effects of commonly used inductive agents on peripheral blood monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) in renal transplantation recipients and to discuss their possible mechanism.Methods The enrolled patients received rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) or basiliximab for induction therapy,with the maintenance immunosuppressive regimen of tacrolimus,mycophenolate mofetil and steroid.The number of CD11 b + CD33 + HLA-DR-CD14 + CD1 5-M-MDSCs and cytokine levels in peripheral blood,including interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-2 (IL-2),IL-4 and IL-6,were measured by flow cytometry before and 1 week,2 weeks,1 month,2 months,3 months after operation.Results A total of 47 recipients (29 given rATG 29,and 18 given basiliximab) were included in this study.Compared to the patients with basiliximab,asignificant increase in the frequency of M-MDSCs was observed in the rATG group at 2nd month after operation (5.5％ ± 2.8％ vs.3.8％ ± 1.6％,P＜0.001) and at 3rd month after operation (7.0 ％ ± 3.1％vs.4.1％ ± 2.3 ％,P＜ 0.001),while there was no significant difference in the cell number between the two groups.In the cytokine detection,levels of IL-2 and IL-4 in the rATG-treated recipients were significantly higher at 2nd weekpostoperation (Pr2 =0.032,and PIL-4 =0.019)and 1st month postoperation (PIL-2 =0.024,PIL-4 ＜0.001) than the basiliximab group.Conclusions ATG promotes the expansion of M-MDSCs,which is associated with the secretion of IL-2 and IL-4 due to the lymphocytes depletion.The synergistic immunosuppressive effect may contribute to the induction of immune tolerance.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors and predictors for radiation encephalic necrosis after CyberKnife radiotherapy.Methods Ninety-four patients (104 targets) with primary or metastatic intracranial tumors who were treated with CyberKnife radiotherapy from 2006 to 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All surgeries adopted skull tracking modes with a dose of 12-45 Gy in 1-8 fractions prescribed to 60％-87％ isodose line.Radiation encephalic necrosis was determined by imaging or pathological examination.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between radiation encephalic necrosis and factors including diabetes,cardio-cerebrovascular diseases,target volume,isodose line,prescribed dose,number of fractions,combination with whole-brain irradiation (WBI),and biologically equivalent dose (BED).Predictability and critical threshold of all influencing factors for radiation encephalic necrosis were determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results Twelve targets (11.54％) had radiation encephalic necrosis.According to the result of logistic regression analysis,BED,combination with WBI,and number of fractions were influencing factors for radiation encephalic necrosis.In the ROC curves,the areas under curves for the above three factors were 0.892 ± 0.034,0.650± 0.072,and 0.712 ± 0.064,respectively,indicating that only BED can well predict radiation encephalic necrosis after CyberKnife radiotherapy with a dose threshold of ＞ 7410 cGy.Conclusions BED,combination with WBI,and number of fractions are influencing factors for radiation encephalic necrosis.BED is the best predictor of radiation encephalic necrosis with a dose threshold of ＞ 7 410 cGy.

Objective:To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of XRCC3 on esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) radiotherapy response. Methods:Expression levels of XRCC3 were detected by reverse transcription PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We knocked down XRCC3 with lentiviral infection in ESCC cells. Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytom-etry. DNA damage and telomere dysfunction-induced foci were determined by immunofluorescence. Results:The expression levels of XRCC3 in ESCC cells and tissues were higher than those in normal esophageal epithelial cells and corresponding adjacent noncancer-ous esophageal tissues. Knockdown of XRCC3 in ESCC cells substantially increased the therapeutic efficacy of radiation. We demon-strated that the radiation resistance of XRCC3 was attributed to the XRCC3-maintaining telomere stability, which reduced ESCC cell death through radiation-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Our data suggested that XRCC3 protects ESCC cells from ionizing radia-tion-induced DNA damage and death by enhancing telomere stability. Thus, XRCC3 can be used as a promising therapeutic target for ESCCs.

OBJECTIVETo observe dynamic changes of blood lead concentration in rats with long-term toxicity test with Goupi Gao by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry, in order to provide reference for safe administration of Goupi Gao.

METHODThe rats were administered with Goupi Gao by high-dose (7 g x kg(-1)), medium-dose (3.5 g x kg(-1)), low-dose (1.75 g x kg(-1)) by external use for consecutively 90 days. Then, the blood samples were collected from the rats before the administration and at 10, 30, 45, 52, 60, 90 d after the administration respectively, as well as 16 d and 28 d after the drug withdrawal. The samples were dispelled with microwave digestion system and then were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for blood lead levels.

RESULTAccording to methodological study, the standard curve regression equation in this experiment was A = 0.004 9X + 0. 017, r = 0.999 5, with the detection limit up to 0. 380 microg x L(-1). The RSD was 1.4% by precision checks. Blood lead level of mixed blood samples was 175.77 microg x L(-1), whose RSD was 6. 0%. Blood lead concentration gradually increased after low-dose and medium-dose administration to rats and became stable at the 10th day and the 30th day by high-dose. Dose is directly related to blood lead concentration. Meanwhile, the blood lead concentration decreases after the drug withdrawal.

CONCLUSIONThe method of determination in this experiment is so accurate and reliable that it can be used for the determination of blood lead. Long-term and high-dose external use of Goupi Gao can increase blood lead.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Female ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Time Factors ; Toxicity Tests

Objective Retrospectively analysis on death cases related with aortic dissection provides support for further forensic investigation on such cases. Methods 44 Cases on aortic dissection are collected from the Forensic Medical Center in Kunming Medical University from 2002to2017.Statistic anaylisis was applied to each case's general information,clinical stage,clinical manifestation,risk factors,pathological type,rupture state,and direct case of death. Results The results showed that aortic dissection occurs moslty in middle age male who ranges from 40 to 49 years old. Most cases were aute aortic dissection, and the death rate was the highest in winter and the lowest in spring. Furthermore, pain is shown to be the most common symptom. Atherosclerosis is a critical factor that contributes to the occurance of aortic dissection. In general, type A aortic dissection occurs more frequently than type B. The rupture, located in ascending aorta, often is in a transverse shape. Cardiac tamponade is the primary cause of death.Conclusion Definite initial symptoms arises before aortic dissection rupture and always show many high-risk factors. It is beneficial to forensic identification of the relation between aortic dissection and injury or medical behavior should be considered carefully.

Objective To investigate the effects of low-to-moderate intensity treadmill exercise on pain and anxiety-like behaviors in rats with chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve(CCI),and to explore the neural mechanism of the exercise-related brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)-cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB)pathway in relieving pain and anxiety behaviors in CCI rats.Methods Thirty-two D rats were divided randomly into four groups:sham group,CCI group,sham+exercise(Sham+Exe)group,and CCI+exercise(CCI+Exe)group.Rats in the exercise groups underwent treadmill training for 4 weeks.The paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)and paw withdrawal latency(PWL)were measured before and at different time points after the operation.The elevated plus maze(EPM)and open field test(OFT)were used to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors in the rats.mRNA and protein expression levels of BDNF,TrkB,and CREB in the hippocampus were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western Blot,respectively.Results(1)The PWT and PWL on the operative side of the rats were significantly lower in the CCI compared with the sham group at 7,14,21,28,and 35 days after the operation(P＜0.001).The PWT on the ipsilateral side was significantly increased in the CCI+Exe group after 21 days compared with the CCI group(P＜0.05),and the PWL on the ipsilateral side increased significantly after 14 days(P＜0.05).(2)The EPM result showed that rats in the CCI group spent a significantly lower proportion of time in the open arms(P＜0.001)and significantly more time in the closed arms compared with the sham group(P＜0.01).Rats in the CCI+Exe group spent significantly more time in the open arms than the CCI group(P＜0.05).(3)The OFT result showed that rats in the CCI group spent a significantly lower proportion of time in the central area of the open field compared with the sham group(P＜0.001),while the percentage of time was significantly increased in the CCI+Exe group compared with the CCI group(P＜0.05).(4)BDNF,TrkB,and CREB mRNA and protein levels in the hippocampus were significantly lower in the CCI group compared with the sham group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Four-week treadmill exercise increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of BDNF,TrkB,and CREB in the hippocampus of CCI rats(P＜0.05).Conclusions Four weeks of treadmill exercise alleviates mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and anxiety induced by chronic pain in CCI rats.Up-regulation of the BDNF/TrkB-CREB pathway may be one of the mechanisms by which exercise relieves chronic pain and improves anxiety.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and clinical results of absorbable antibacterial calcium sulfate combined with tissue flaps in the treatment of traumatic calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) secondary to skin and soft tissue defects in children.Methods:From January 2007 to August 2020, 44 cases of children with heel skin and soft tissue defects associated with traumatic CO were treated and followed up effectively in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University.Among them, 17 cases were treated with absorbable calcium sulfate cement combined with tissue flaps as the calcium sulfate group, and 27 cases were treated with antibiotic polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bead combined with tissue flaps as the membrane induction group.A comparison was drawn on the therapeutic effect, recurrence rate of postoperative infection, postoperative ankle mobility, number of operations, total length of hospital stays and hospitalization expenses between both groups.Results:The average follow-up time was 10.7 months in the calcium sulfate cement group and 9.3 months in the membrane induction group.All flaps were effective except for 3 cases who presented with small necrosis on the distal end of the sural neurovascular flaps.The recurrence rate of postoperative infection and the hospitalization expenses in the calcium sulfate group were lower than those in the membrane induction group, but the differences were not statically significant (all P>0.05). The postoperative ankle mobility [(63.6±9.3)°], number of operations [2(1.0, 2.0) times] and total length of hospital stay [6.1(4.5, 7.4) weeks] of the calcium sulfate group were significantly lower than those of the membrane induction group [(57.7±9.5)°, 2(2.0, 3.0) times, 7.0(5.0, 9.0) weeks], the difference were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Severe CO may cause structural damage to calcaneal tubercle or insertion site of achilles tendon, but the active plantar flexion function of ankles will be good despite the decrease in strength. Conclusions:The effect of absorbable antibacterial calcium sulfate cement combined with tissue flaps in the treatment of traumatic CO in children is favorable, and the number of operations, length of hospital stays and hospitalization expenses are relatively less compared with PMMA cement combined with tissue flaps.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite and causes serious harm to human and ani-mal health.In recent years,a large amount of research has been conducted on the immunological mechanism of toxo-plasmosis,especially in the immune privileged regions of the host,such as brain,eyes,and placenta.This review summaries the immunological mechanism required for resistance to toxoplasmosis,which may provide a valuable ref-erence for the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention studies.

Objective This study aimed to explore the effect of peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells combined with porous absorbable gelatin sponge/self assembling peptide composite scaffolds on SD rat femoral con-dyle bone defect reconstruction and provide a new strategy for the repair of bone defects. Methods 30 female SD rats,8W age,were randomly divided into 3 groups,10 every group.The group A was blank control group,group B was porous absorbable gelatin sponge/self assembling peptide composite scaffold group,and group C was periph-eral blood mesenchymal stem cells combined with porous absorbable gelatin sponge/self assembling peptide compos-ite scaffold group. The effect of osteogenesis was observed by paraffin section,hematoxylin eosin staining,X-ray examination,and Micro-CT scanning in 3 dimensional reconstruction of femoral condyle defect. Results Imaging examination showed that the experimental group had better osteogenesis effect. Histological examination showed that a lot of new bone tissue was found in group C,while only a small amount of new bone was found in the group of A and B. Conclusions The experiment shows that peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells as the seed cells for tissue engineering,combined with porous absorbable gelatin sponge-self assembling peptide has better ability to repair bone defects,and has good application prospect,which is worthy of further research.

There has been a constant increase in the incidence rate of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in China， and as a highly fatal malignancy， it often has an extremely poor prognosis. Surgical resection is the only possible way to cure this disease， but postoperative recurrence rate reaches as high as 50%‍ ‍—‍ ‍70%. While recurrence is commonly observed in the liver， 15%‍ ‍—‍ ‍30% of patients may experience extrahepatic recurrence. There are relatively few studies in the treatment strategies for extrahepatic recurrence， and there are still no clear guidelines for recommendation. Chemotherapy is currently the main treatment method for this disease. Studies have shown that some patients man achieve a prolonged survival time through surgical resection of extrahepatic recurrence sites， and in particular， such surgery is more feasible in patients with single focal lesion during recurrence. Nevertheless， surgery is only suitable to a small number of patients， and most patients still need to rely on systemic therapy and local treatment. Through a comprehensive analysis of related articles， this article summarizes the key influencing factors for extrahepatic recurrence， discusses the indications for surgery， and emphasizes the importance of individualized treatment strategies， in order to provide a reference for future treatment modalities.