Mid-ventricular hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (MVHOCM) is a rare type of cardiomyopathy thatcan be accompanied by apical aneurysm.We presented here a case report of MVHOCM with cornary artery disease.The sixty-fouryears old man was sent to hospital because of ventricular tachycardia.Large inversion T wave was showed on electrocardiography in the presence of abnormal coronary arteries and normal cardiac enzyme.Echoeardiogmphy showed an hourglass appearance of the leftventricle with an aneurysm in the apex and a pressure gradient between the outflow tract of left ventricle and the middle of the leftventricle was revealed by left-heart catheterization.

Objective To determine the persistence time of genotype 4 hepatitis E (HE) viremia after the onset of clinical symptoms in HE patients and provide essential data for study on HE epidemiologieal transmission, so that to evaluate potential contagiousness of HE patients after clinical stage. Methods The first serum samples from 162 HE patients after hospitalized in Eastern China were collected and tested for hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA by nested reversed transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The persistence time of HEV viremia after the onset of clinical symptoms was estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results HEV RNA was detectable in 101 out of 162 serum samples with positive rate of 62.35%, which was all grouped to genotype 4 by homology analysis. Furthermore, HEV RNA was detectable in 74 (64.91%) out of 114 male and 27 (56.25%) out of 48 female, which was not significantly different (χ2 = 1.08, P=0. 30). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the median persistence time of HEV genotype 4 viremia was 24 days after the onset of clinical symptoms (95% CI: 18-30 days), which meant that the viremia of 50% HE patients remaining detectable up to 24 days after the onset. The 75% and 25% percentiles were 14 days and 31 days, respectively. There was no significant difference of viremia persistence time between male and female (Breslow test: P=0.98, Tarone-Ware test: P=0.91). Conclusions The viremia of 75% patients with HEV genotype 4 infection could persistent until 2 weeks after the onset of clinical symptoms and that of some patients could persistent over 1 month. It is indicated that the viremia is still persistent and HE patient could be a reservoir even after the clinical symptoms disappeared and biochemical marks normalized.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central neurodegenerative disease with still unclear pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that axonal transport dysfuction of mitochondria may contribute to AD progression. Normal mitochondrial axonal transport mainly involves microtubules, molecular motors and connexins, while AD early pathological changes can damage mitochondrial axonal transport by interfering with these proteins: accumulated β-amyloid (Aβ) impairs the function of molecular motors; abnormally modified Tau protein reduces microtubule stability; mutant presenilin-1 (PS1) can induce phosphorylation of some related proteins by activating glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β); all these processes can damage mitochondrial axonal transport, leading to synaptic dysfunction. This review aims to clarify the possible mechanisms of axonal transport dysfuction of mitochondria in AD and provides new ideas for AD treatment.

Objective:To identify the development trajectories of self-neglect behavior in older adults and explore the associated influencing factors.Methods:A fixed cohort was constructed based on the data from three surveys of Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey (CLHLS) from 2011 to 2018. A total of eight variables from 4 dimensions including living environment, lifestyle, social interaction, and health care were selected to evaluate self-neglect. Group-based trajectory model was used to identify the development trajectory of self-neglect behavior in the older adults, and polynomial Logistic regression model was used to explore its influencing factors by Stata 16.1.Results:Finally, 2 754 older adults aged 60 and above were included.The development trajectory of self-neglect behavior in older adults, based on the group-based trajectory model, can be classified into stable-low group ( n=268, 9.7%), descending-moderate group ( n=2 224, 80.8%), and decreasing-high group ( n=262, 9.5%). Polynomial Logistic regression showed that, compared with stable-low group, living in rural areas ( B=1.116, OR=3.053, 95% CI= 2.278-4.091) and higher activities of daily living scores( B=0.137, OR=1.147, 95% CI=1.046-1.258) were the risk factors of descending-moderate group. Education levels with 1-6 years( B=-0.398, OR=0.672, 95% CI=0.469-0.963), >6 years( B=-1.072, OR=0.342, 95% CI=0.229-0.513), being married( B=-0.476, OR=0.621, 95% CI=0.444-0.870), self-reported good health( B=-0.808, OR=0.446, 95% CI= 0.213-0.932), improved health status( B=-0.704, OR=0.495, 95% CI=0.320-0.766), self-reported average economic status( B=-1.065, OR=0.345, 95% CI=0.148-0.802), self-reported good economic status( B=-1.634, OR=0.195, 95% CI=0.082-0.467), and a higher cognition score( B=-0.142, OR=0.867, 95% CI=0.798-0.942) served as protective factors of descending-moderate group. In addition to the above factors, being in the age group of 75-89 years( B=0.481, OR=1.617, 95% CI=1.057-2.473) was a risk factor for decreasing-high group compared to stable-low group. Conclusions:Three types of self-neglect behavior trajectories among older adults were identified in this study, suggesting that physical health and economy are the influencing factors of the development trajectory of self-neglect of the elderly.

Objective To investigate the value of echocardiography in assessing right ventricular function of primary light-chain amyloidosis(AL)-cardiac amyloidosis(CA)patients.Methods A total of 25 patients biopsy diagnosed as AL-CA,who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021,were enrolled in this study as amyloidosis group.And 25 heathy volunteers were set as control group.The routine right ventricular morphology and functional parameters were acquired by standard echocardiography.Right ventricular global longitudinal strain(RVGLS)and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain(RVfwLS)were obtained by two-dimensional speckle tracking imagine.Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion(TAPSE)/pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP),RVGLS/PASP,RVfwLS/PASP ratio were calculated as the noninvasively parameters of right ventricular-pulmonary artery coupling.Results ①Compared with control group,patients in amyloidosis group showed significantly larger right heart size,and significantly thicker right ventricular free wall[(7.16±1.84)mm vs.(3.76±0.66)mm],the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).②Compared with control group,RVGLS[(17.43±2.45)%vs.(23.22±3.73)%]and RVfwLS[(18.44±2.10)%vs.(22.62±3.64)%]were significantly impaired in amyloidosis group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The ratios of TAPSE/PASP,RVGLS/PASP,RVfwLS/PASP were found to be lower in amyloidosis group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).③TAPSE/PASP showed mild correlations with N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor(NT-proBNP),highly sensitive T cardiac troponin(hs-TNT)(r=0.45 and 0.40)there were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Echocardiography can effectively evaluate the right heart function impairment in AL-CA patients,providing valuable information for a deeper understanding of the pathological and physiological mechanisms of the disease.

Protein neddylation is a post-translational modification which transfers the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 to a lysine residue of the target substrate through a three-step enzymatic cascade. The best-known substrates of neddylation are cullin family proteins, which are the core component of Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). Given that cullin neddylation is required for CRL activity, and CRLs control the turn-over of a variety of key signal proteins and are often abnormally activated in cancers, targeting neddylation becomes a promising approach for discovery of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. In the past decade, we have witnessed significant progress in the field of protein neddylation from preclinical target validation, to drug screening, then to the clinical trials of neddylation inhibitors. In this review, we first briefly introduced the nature of protein neddylation and the regulation of neddylation cascade, followed by a summary of all reported chemical inhibitors of neddylation enzymes. We then discussed the structure-based targeting of protein-protein interaction in neddylation cascade, and finally the available approaches for the discovery of new neddylation inhibitors. This review will provide a focused, up-to-date and yet comprehensive overview on the discovery effort of neddylation inhibitors.

Objective To understand the genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) circulating in intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Pudong new district,Shanghai,and explore the population growth and selection pressure of the HCV strains isolated.Methods A total of 200 serum specimens sampled from IDUs in local methadone maintenance treatment clinic in Pudong were used for amplification of a HCV NS5B 377-nt partial sequence.Mean evolutionary rate and effective number of infections were estimated based on the 377-nt partial sequences of the HCV strains isolated from IDUs and isolated contemporarily from local voluntary blood donors,men who have sex with men and reported hepatitis C cases by using BEAST software.Selection pressure sites were identified with online Datamonkey software for subsequent comparison with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drug binding sites.Results A total of 39 (19.5％) serum specimens were positive for HCV RNA.The genotypes were determined based on the HCV NS5B 377-nt partial sequences as follows:subtype 3a (n=14),3b (n=13),lb (n=7),6a (n=4) and 6n (n=1).The partial sequences of the HCV strains isolated in IDUs shared high homology with the sequences of the HCV strains isolated in other populations.The Bayesian Skyline Plot indicated that the estimated infections with HCV subtype 1b increased exponentially during the 1990s,whereas that of subtypes 3a and 3b increased slowly since the mid-1990s.In the NS5B 377-nt partial sequences of the HCV strains isolated in IDUs,there were two positive selection sites and seventy-eight negative selection sites recognized.The mutation rate was as low as 2.2％ in the 377-nt partial sequences corresponding to the known seven DAA drug binding sites.Conclusions HCV subtype 3a and 3b were the predominant genotypes in the IDUs in Pudong.Subtype lb was prevalent in different populations and evolved very rapidly,and more infections might be caused,suggesting further attention to its prevention,control and treatment.Although DAA treatment based on HCV NS5B binding sites targeting local IDUs might be effective,it is still necessary to strengthen the surveillance.

Objective:To explore the value of jellyfish sign, an abnormal ultrasonographic sign, in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes of women with complete placenta previa combined with placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS).Methods:This retrospective study analyzed the ultrasound images of 72 singleton gravidas, diagnosed with complete placenta previa combined with PAS, who underwent cesarean section at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2020 and February 2023. Based on the presence and absence of the jellyfish sign in ultrasound images, these gravidas were divided into the jellyfish-sign group (15 cases, 20.8%) and the non-jellyfish-sign group (57 cases, 79.2%). The clinical data and perinatal outcomes of the two groups were analyzed. The adverse perinatal outcomes encompassed conditions such as abdominal aorta balloon block, uterine artery embolism, hysterectomy, postpartum hemorrhage, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission of their neonates. Statistical analysis was performed using two independent samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Chi-square (or Fisher's exact) test. Results:(1) The jellyfish-sign group exhibited a higher parity [(1.6±0.7) times vs (1.2±0.6) times, t=2.01] and higher prenatal scores of placenta accreta [(12.3±1.5) scores vs (8.6±2.9) scores, t=6.59] than those in the non-jellyfish-sign group (both P<0.05). Among the 57 cases in the non-jellyfish-sign group, there were 14 cases of placenta creta (24.6%), 40 cases of placenta increta (70.2%), and three cases of placenta percreta (5.3%). Among the 15 cases in the jellyfish-sign group, nine cases were diagnosed with placenta increta, six with placenta percreta, and none with placenta creta. The difference in distribution between the two groups was statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, P<0.001). (2) Intraoperative blood loss [(for those who accepted abdominal aorta balloon block, 1 973±1 057) ml vs (1 211±576) ml, t=2.55], red blood cells transfused [4.0 U (2.0-23.0 U) vs 2.5 U (0.0-11.0 U), Z=－2.53], postoperative hospitalization time [(9.7±2.4) vs (7.5±2.2) d, t=3.36], the incidence of abdominal aorta balloon block [15/15 vs 38.6% (22/57), χ2=17.92], uterine artery embolism [for those who accepted abdominal aorta balloon block, 3/15 vs 1.8% (1/57), Fisher's exact test], and requiring blood transfusion [15/15 vs 63.2% (36/57), Fisher's exact test] were higher in the jellyfish-sign group than those in the non-jellyfish-sign group. However, the non-jellyfish-sign group had lower gestational age at delivery [(33.6±1.5) weeks vs (35.2±1.8) weeks, t=－3.24], and lower neonatal Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min [1 min: 8 scores (3-10 scores) vs 9 scores (4-10 scores), Z=－2.46; 5 min: 9 scores (7-10 scores) vs 10 scores (6-10 scores), Z=－2.02] (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in emergency surgery rate, 24 h postoperative blood loss, neonatal birth weight, and proportion of NICU admission between the two groups. Additionally, no cases of hysterectomy or death were observed in the two groups. Conclusions:Ultrasound examination revealing jellyfish signs in patients with complete placenta previa and PAS is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse perinatal outcomes. Consequently, the management of these patients should be given greater attention.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of clinical observation of supplemented wendan decoction combined with Western medicine in treating insomnia accompanied by anxiety and depression in phlegm-heat internal disturbance syndrome.Methods A total of 120 cases of insomnia with anxiety and depression comorbiditis with phlegm heat disturbance syndrome were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,60 cases in each group.The control group was given escitalopram oxalate tablet combined with dexzopiclonone tablet,and the observation group was given added Wendan decoction on the basis of the control group.Both groups were treated continuously for 6 weeks.Polysomnography monitoring parameters and heart rate variability were compared between the two groups during baseline period and visit 2(baseline period+3 months).Scale scores of the two groups were compared during baseline period,visit 1(baseline period+6 weeks)and visit 2.The content of heart rate variability includes:time domain analysis(standard deviation of normal interval(SDNN),square root of the square sum of the mean of the difference between adjacent normal interval(RMSSD)and frequency domain analysis(LF,HF,LF/HF).The scale scores included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI)to assess sleep status,and the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Self-assessment Scale for Depression(PHQ-9)and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7)to assess anxiety and depression status.Results(1)Polysomnography monitoring:the wake time of observation group was significantly shorter than that of control group,the number of awakenings was significantly less than that of control group,and the percentage of N3 and REM was significantly higher than these of control group(P＜0.05).(2)Heart rate variability:RMSSD and HF values in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,and LF/HF values were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).(3)In terms of sleep:during the interview,PSQI total score,sleep quality,hypnotic drugs and daytime dysfunction in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05);At the 3 months,the sleep quality,hypnotic drugs and daytime dysfunction in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).In terms of emotion:HAMA,HAMD and GAD-7 scores were significantly lower than those of control group at 6 weeks(P＜0.05);At the 3 months,HAMA and GAD-7 scores were significantly lower than those of control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Supplemented Wendan decoction combined with western medicine can obviously optimize the sleep structure of insomnia patients with anxiety and depressionof phlegm-heat disturbance syndrome,improve sleep continuity and deepen sleep depth,and improve parasympathetic functional activities,contribute to sympathetic parasympathetic balance,can improve insomniaand depression symptoms recently,and significantly improve anxiety symptoms in the short term,with good safety.

In order to strengthen the integration of reform system and build a comprehensive integration of openness and innovation, the medical device registrar system has become the institutional choice to promote the reform of the medical approval system and the innovation and development of the industry. The system allows scientific researchers, R&D institutions and enterprises to become applicants for medical device registration and to consign the production of samples and products, thus realizing the separation of market license and production license, and breaking the binding relationship between registration and production in current regulations. The medical device registrar system has laid a theoretical foundation for remolding the management system of medical devices, and has also made practical exploration for improving the reform of the medical devices supervision system, so it has important theoretical and practical significance.
Device Approval ; Industry ; Licensure ; Registries