Objective To analyze the effect of clomipramine combine sleep deprivation on depression rat behavior and hippocampal CA3 neuron apoptosis.Methods Chronic unpredictable mild stimulation was used to establish 40 depression model rats.They were randomly divided into depression group,clomipramine group (5 mg/kg orally),sleep deprivation group (36 h continuous full sleep deprivation),chlorpromazine combination of sleep deprivation group,and then selected 10 rats as control group.Open-field test and water maze test were used to test rats' behavioral change after 28 days intervention.RT-PCR,Western blot were used to detect the GDNF and Bcl-2 expression of hippocampal CA3 neurons.TUNEL assay was performed to test hippocampal CA3 neuron apoptosis ratios in each group.Results Open-field test level score,vertical score and latency of combination group were (75.6±7.3),(26.4±4.3),(1.1±0.2),and showed no significant difference with those of control group((79.4 ±6.8),(28.6±5.7),(1.0±0.4)) after 28 d intervention (P＞0.05),while the level score,vertical score were significantly higher than those in other three groups(P＜0.05),and the latency period was significantly lower than that in other three groups (P＜0.05).The combined group showed a trend of gradually shortened in water maze escape latency.GDNF,Bcl-2 expression of control group and combined group was significantly higher than those in other three groups (P＜0.05),while the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Sleep deprivation group' apoptotic rate was the highest (55±6)％,significantly higher than the control group and the combination group ((14±3) ％ and (19±4)％).Conclusion Clomipramine combined sleep deprivation can improve the ability of rat model of depression and suppression of acts of hippocampal CA3 neuron apoptosis,and its effect may be related to increased hippocampal CA3 GDNF,Bcl-2 level.

Adult ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; therapy

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for food & drug regulatory authorities in China to disclose government information.METHODS:In the light of the development and status quo of the disclosure of information in US FDA,the access,content and procedure for the disclosure of information in FDA were discussed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:There are many similarities between US and China in the disclosure of information.In view of the practical situation of governmental information disclosure in food and drug regulatory authorities in China,Chinese government should be able to find out such key issues as the human and financial support is much needed in FDA information disclosure,the disclosure level should be in line with our national condition,a three-dimensional publicity system of government information at different level should be established and emphasis should be laid to the key disclosed information etc based on the research on the development,access,content and procedure of information disclosure in FDA.

0.999 5), RSD were no more than 3.0%. The recovery rates were 98.0%-102.0%. There was no significant difference between the results of this method and EDTA-Na2 titration. Conclusion The method is rapid, accurate, simple, little disturbance and is acceptable in determination of total hardness in drinking water.

Constructing internal quality control system is an important measure to improve teaching quality in the universities.Teaching supervision plays an important role in the teaching quality guaranteeing system.This article introduced and summarized the practice of teaching supervision in Tianjin Medical University including the establishment of three-leveled teaching supervision,emphasis of process management,innovation,significance and achievements of teaching supervision.

Objective:To examine the relationship between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after successful electrical cardioversion (EC) by a meta analysis approach.Methods:Based on PubMed,Medline and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases,related literatures,published from 1980-2008,were searched; a manual search was also performed.The included trials were analyzed by RevMan4.2 software for meta analysis.Results:Totally seven studies were finally included.The analysis revealed that the baseline BNP level were greater in patients with AF recurrence than those without AF recurrence,with the standardized mean difference in the BNP levels being 0.82 units (95% confidence interval 0.12 to 1.52).The test for overall effect Z-score was 2.30,with a P value of 0.02; there was significant difference.Conclusion:It is suggested that the higher BNP level after successful electrical cardioversion is associated with greater risk of AF recurrence.The level of BNP may serve as an indicator for AF recurrence after successful EC.

This paper tried to describe the hospital labor union how to play an important role on hospital's development,as well as adopt its own characteristic and advantages in order to improve hospital's medical treament and scientific research.

AIM:To study the effect of panax notoginseng saponins on the left atrial appendage(LAA)of the guinea pigs.METHODS:Standard microelectrode intracellular recording technique was used to record the LAA action potential(AP)and the effective refractory period(ERP)in the guinea pigs during the pouring with different density of PNS.RESULTS:The effect of PNS in concentration of 0.7,7,70,700 mg/L was significant at 20 min,the APD50 and APD80 of the pouring at 20 min,30 min,40 min of the 70 mg/L was longer than the reference group(P

Our study was based on the book Theory of Epidemic Heat Syndrome. This book was written by Mr. Shao Dengying of Qing dynasty, who was famous in Qing Dynasty on curing virus infection. We described his unique insights in diagnosis and treatment of epidemic heat syndrome in six aspects: the origin, position of epidemic heat invasion, difference between epidemic heat syndrome and typhus, paying attention to the symptoms of epidemic heat, differentiation and treatment from qi, bloods and stomach, and attaching importance to the stomach Qi and kidney essence etc.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the neuronal apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain.Methods Seventy-two adult male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =24 each):sham operation group (group S) ; chronic constrictive injury (CCI) group; Dex + CCI group (group D).Two ligatures were placed on right sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 silk thread in groups CCI and D.In group D Dex 50 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day starting from the end of operation until the animals were sacrificed.Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation with yon Frey filament (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimulation (PWL) were measured at one day before (T0,baseline) and on the 3rd,7th and 14th day after operation (T1,2,3).Six animals were sacrificed at each time points (T1,2,3) after the measurement of PWT and PWL.Their lumbar segments (L4,5)were removed for examination with transmission electron microscope and detection of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression (by immune-histochemistry).Results CCI significantly decreased PWT and PWL,increased Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression at T1,2,3 and induced apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn neurons in group CCI as compared with group S.Intraperitoneal Dex significantly attenuated CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and neuronal apoptosis in group D as compared with group CCI.Dex injected intraperitoneally further increased Bcl-2 expression but decreased caspase-3 expression in group D as compared with group CCI.Conclusion Reduction in neuronal apoptosis in spinal dorsal horn is involved in the attenuation of neuropathic pain by Dex.