Objective To investigate the influencing factors of penile erectile function following transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate(TUVP). Methods Using the international index of erectile function 5 (IIEF 5) questionaire to survey penile erectile function in patients undergoing TUVP preoperatively and postoperatively.The associations of the postoperative IIEF 5 results with patient age,prostatic volume,operative time,amount of bleeding during operation,trauma of the capsule,urinary infection,retrograde ejaculation,international prostate symptom score(IPSS) was analyzed. Results The questionnaire result of postoperative IIEF 5 was significantly lower than preoperative one year ( P

Objective To evaluate the tumor dose distribution of routine radiotherapy plan in esophageal cancer with 3D treatment planning system. Methods For the 19 esophageal cancer patients who were diagnosed, the thoracic CT were done and GTV, CTV and PTV were delineated on the image of CT. Then a routine 3 field radiotherapy planning was produced using the Cad Plan 6.4.7 treatment planning system. The dosimetric results of GTV, CTV and PTV, target conformity and the dosimetric uniformity of variant target volume gained from DVH were compared. Results The maximal dose of GTV, CTV and PTV was 51.64Gy, 51.94Gy, 51.48Gy, respectively; the minimal dose was 41.17 Gy, 25.31 Gy, 18.94 Gy, respectively; the mean dose was 49.5 Gy, 47.34 Gy, 42.92 Gy, respectively; the conformity index was 0.94, 0.69, 0.38, respectively; and the dose variability was 2.2 Gy, 7.57 Gy, 14.56 Gy. Conclusions The routine radiotherapy plan in esophageal cancer could not offer satisfactory dose distribution. The method of CT simulation and 3D treatment planning systems should be applied to decide treatment planning.

Objective To investigate the significance of intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)for spinal metastases during different target areas setting and evaluate the efficacy of pain relief before and after radiotherapy. Methods Forty-four cases of spinal metastases were treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy, including 18 males and 26 females; aging from 40 to 68 years with a mean of 56 years.Frankel grade before treatment: stage A in 2 patients, B in 2, C in 3, D in 3, E in 34. The target area was determined according to preoperative imaging, CT localization before radiotherapy and different anatomical characteristics of spinal cord segments. And then the intensity modulated radiation therapy was performed by means of 5-field irradiation. Prescription dose: 30-56 Gy, the average 40.5 Gy, the median dose of 40 Gy, 2-3 Gy/times, 5 times/week. Before and after radiotherapy for pain relief in patients, neurological function of spinal cord were compared and comprehensively evaluated. Results Among 44 patients undergone pain intensity modulated radiation therapy, 21 patients achieved complete remission, 17 achieved partial remission and 6 achieved minor effect, with a relief rate of 86.4% (38/44). Pain rating before treatment was not correlative with the state of pain relief. Evaluation of the effect of radiotherapy showed complete remission in 4 cases and partial remission in 33, no change in 7, with an efficiency rate of 84.1%(37/44). There was no relationship between pain relief with implant nails and implant bone cement. Ten patients with different degrees of neurological impairment before treatment were improved in Frankel grade after treatment. Conclusion IMRT can improve pain in patients with metastatic spinal tumors, and nerve dysfunction and other symptoms, which was not easy to result in radioactivity spinal cord and nerve injury.

Objective To observe the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone (ERP57) and endoplasmic reticulum aminopep-tidase (ERAP1) in female breast cancer, and to explore their relationship with clinical pathological parameters of breast cancer. Methods A total of 124 samples of breast cancer and 24 samples of breast fibroadenoma were collected in the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2011 to December 2015. The expressions of ERP57 and ERAP1 were detected by immunohistochemistry SP method. The patients were divided into two groups according to the clinicopathological parameters. The differences of ERP57 and ERAP1 expression were analyzed between the groups. Results The positive expression rates of ERP57 were 58.8% (73/124) and 100% (24/24) in breast cancer and breast fibroadenoma samples, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=15.061, P<0.05). The positive expression rates of ERAP1 were 47.5%(59/124) and 83.3%(20/24), and there was a difference between them (χ2=10.328, P<0.05). The positive expression rates of ERP57 and ERAP1 in breast cancer samples were higher in patients without axillary lymph node metastasis than those in patients with axillary lymph node metastasis; which were higher in patients with histological gradeⅠcompared with those in patients with histological grade ⅡandⅢ;which were higher in patients with TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ than those in patients with TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. There were significant differences between these groups (P<0.05). In addition, the positive expression rate of ERAP1 in breast cancer was higher in patients more than 35 years old than those in patients under 35 years old. The positive rate of Ki67 was higher in patients≤14%than that in patients >14%, and which was significantly higher in patient with non-triple negative than that in patients with the triple negative (P<0.05). Conclusion The low expression levels of ERP57 and ERAP1 may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer, and which may be valuable in judging the malignant degree and prognosis of breast cancer.

Objective To compare image-guided radiotherapy(IGRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) treatment in patients with recent efficacy and toxicity of radioactive reaction ,discuss factors affecting prognosis .Methods Collection of 52 cases of IGRT and 55 cases of IMRT patients with non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) ,satisfy the requirement of target prescription dose in the case ,the recent efficacy of tumor ,comparing two treatments in patients with radioactive toxic effects and factors affect-ing the prognosis .Results The incidence of radioactive pneumonia in IGRT group was lower than the IMRT group (P<0 .05) ,the incidence of radiation esophagitis had no statistical differences in the two groups (P>0 .05) .The survival rates of IGRT group 1 , 1 .5 ,2 years after radiotherapy were 57 .7% ,35 .0% ,27 .3% ,IMRT group were 50 .9% ,34 .1% ,21 .8% .The median survival time of IGRT group and IMRT group was 17 months and 13 months respectively ,there was no statistically significant difference(P>0 .05) .Conclusion In NSCLC treatment ,compared with IMRT ,TGRT could reduce the toxic reaction of radiotherapy ,but the effect of two kinds of treatment for the recent difference is not obvious .

Objective To explore the preliminary study of the four-dimensional CT-based respiratory gating applications in the IGRT treatment of lung cancer .Methods 38 patients′ were scanned with 4D-CT ,and could got 10 images:0-90% each one ,and then two kinds of radiation treatment plans :Plan-3D and Plan-4D were used ,respectively .Treatment of the patients in the IGRT mode with Plan-4D and following up were done in two months after treatment to evaluate the efficacy and complication probability . Meanwhile evaluation of the two plans by the volume histogram was done .Results The displacement of lung tumor respiratory mo-tion was different in three dimensions ,especially in the Vertical direction ,about(9 .1 ± 2 .2)mm .Accuracy of the distance was 2 .6 mm .The Plan-4D′s CTV was bigger than Plan-3D ,but its PTV was less than the Plan-3D significantly ,at the same time its lung V20 ,MLD were both less than the Plan-3D ,and the difference was statistically significant(P< 0 .05) .The total efficiency(CR+PR)was 77 .78% (28 case);the incidence of 1 ,2 ,3 acute radiation-induced lung injury were 86 .11% ,11 .11% ,2 .78% ,respectively ;the incidence of 1 ,2 acute radiation esophagitis injury were 80 .56% ,8 .33% .Conclusion The respiratory gating techniques based on 4D CT applied in image guided radiotherapy of lung cancer in clinical is feasible ,and it can reduce the volume of the planning tar-get volume ,and help to improve the accuracy of radiotherapy .The degree of respiratory motion is significantly different in individu-als ,and expanding outside the target ranges should be individualized .

Objective To study the CBCT image registration of PTV enlarging distance and IMRT planning(CT-1) for patients with lung cancer,and evaluate their characters.Methods Ten patients with lung cancer were included in the study.Two sets image,before and after radiotherapy,were acquired every week.Then delineated the targeted volume and made the planning (CT-2) according the enlarging distance data.To comparize the parameters of DVH for lung and spinal cord,volumes and dose of PTV and NTCP with CT-1 and CT-2.The difference of two plan was analyzed by covariance analysis or Wilcoxson's z-test.Results The max,min and mean dose of PTV,the lung V5,V10,V20,V30,V50 were similar in both plans (P =0.242-0.663).There was superiority in CT-2 of PTV and lung's mean dose(P =0.049,0,035).The NTCP had the decent tendency followed by the increasing of lung Vs,V10,V20(P =0.146,0.053,0.000).Conclusions CBCT based image registration can reduce PTV,the mean dose of lung,NTCP,and increase PTV dose.This provides a tool for exploring acurate radiotherapy strategies.

Objective To evaluate accuracy of cefoxitin disk testing for detecting oxacillin resistance coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS). Methods 139 clinical coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were detected with ID32 STAPH. Cefoxitin disk and oxacillin disk testing were used to detect MRCNS. PBP2a was tested by latex agglutination us a reference method. Results 139 CNS isolates were identified to 8 species: Staphylococcus haemolyticus , S. epidermidis , S. hominis , S. xylosus , S. saprophyticus , S. auricularis , S. simulans and S. warneri. The sensitivity and specificity for cefoxtin disk and oxacillin disk testing were 99.0% vs. 86.0% and 91.7% vs. 74.4%, respectively. One S. epidermidis strain was identified to affect the sensitivity of cefoxitin disk testing. S. xylosus, S. warned, and S. saprophyticus were major species related to the decrease of specificity of cefoxitin disk testing. S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. simulans and S. auricularis were major species related to the decrease of sensitivity of oxacillin disk testing. And the decrease of specificity of oxacillin disk testing were mainly related to S. hominis , S. simulans , S. xylosus , S. auricularis , S. saprophyticus and S. warneri. Conclusions The accuracy of MRCNS detection by cefoxitin disk testing is varied due to different CNS species. So it is necessary to test PBP2a or mecA gene according to CNS species, especially for S. xylosus, S. warned and S. saprophyticus.

【Objective】To investigate the therapeutic effect of Qiangxin Prescription(QP)on rabbits with heart failure induced by volume overload.【Methods】Twenty New Zealand male rabbits were randomized into four groups:the control group,QP group(QP 2.6?g/kg),western medicine group(Digoxin 20??g/kg and furosemide 1mg/kg)and QP+western medicine group(QP 2.6?g/kg,Digoxin 20??g/kg and furosemide 1?mg/kg).Rabbit models with heart failure induced by volume overload were established.Six hours after the modeling,the treatment groups were given the corresponding drugs according to the experimental design,the treatment lasting 7 days.Four-channel physiologic instrument was used to examine the heart rate(HR),aortic systolic blood pressure(SBP),aortic diastolic blood pressure(DBP),left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),left ventricular diastolic pressure(LVDP),the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise(+dp/dt_(max)),the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decrease(-dp/dt_(max))and the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure change(?dp/dt_(max)).Meanwhile,the serum contents of superoxide dismustase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were detected.【Results】The difference was insignificant in the body weight in different groups after the modeling but the body weight in western medicine group was decreased one week after medication(P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the sexual behaviors of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Guangzhou in 2010.

METHODSAnti-HIV antibody was detected in the volunteers undergoing HIV tests in the year 2010, and the differences in the sexual role, education, use of condom and complicated infection of syphilis were analyzed among these subjects.

RESULTSA total of 1526 MSM volunteered to participate in the investigation, among whom 87 (5.70%) were confirmed to have HIV infection. The positivity rate of HIV infection was 3.54%, 7.14% and 6.70% in subjects reporting active anal copulation, passive anal copulation, and both, respectively, showing a significant difference in respect of the sexual role (χ(2)=6.450, P=0.040). The positivity rate also differed significantly among married, unmarried and divorced subjects (9.45%, 4.92%, and 4.17%, respectively; χ(2)=7.184, P=0.028). The positivity rate was 21.31% among those with syphilis, significantly higher than the rate in those without syphilis (5.06%, χ(2)=25.770, P<0.001). Use of condom was not associated with a significant reduction of HIV positivity rate (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe high anti-HIV positivity rate among MSM in Guangzhou indicates a high risk of unsafe sexual behaviors, especially anal copulations. The anal copulation receivers, often young and have a lower rate of condom use, constitute a high-risk group of HIV transmission.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; HIV Antibodies ; blood ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; transmission ; HIV Seropositivity ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Homosexuality, Male ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sexual Behavior ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult