Object To study the action of lotus leaf extract (LLE) in scavengings hydroxyl and superoxide anion radical Methods By spin trapping with electron spin resonance Results 26 94 ug/mL LLE can scavenge 65 60% superoxide anion radical (O ? 2) produced by Hypoxanthine Xanthine oxidase system, while at concentrations over 8 98 mg/mL a complete eradication of hydroxyl radical (?OH) produced from Fenten reaction system was achieved Conclusion LLE is highly effective in scavenging ?OH and O ? 2 free radicals

Objective To investigate the distribution rule of NMDA receptor protein localizated on neuron membrane surface. Methods After the primary culture model of forebrain cortex neuron of rat had been set up,the NR1 subunit protein molecule of NMDA receptor has been combined with primary antibody IgG,and marked by Staphylococcus protein A-colloid gold particles (SPA-G). Then the neuron was observed with Field-emission SEM,and the content of AU element was calcalated by software. Results The cluster of NMDA receptor combined with SPA-G particulates was clearly observed as some globular being distributed mainly under some niches of lipid rafts,mainly localized at originating section of dendritic protuberance of neuron membrane surface. Conclusion NMDA receptor molecule protein was distributed on the membrane surface lipid rafts of originating section of dendritic protuberance of neuron. It was in accord with the distribution rule of postsynaptic membrane on neuron. The Field-emission SEM could distinguish single NMDA receptor melocule cluster after being marked with SPA-G molecule in neuron.

Objective To investigate whether pregnant rats exposure to ketamine cause offspring changes in space cognitive abilities and exploration abilities.Methods 3-month Sprague-Dawley female rats ( n =24)were randomly divided into four groups:group N (control group),group K1 (small doses of ketamine group),group K2 ( clinical anesthesia dose of ketamine group),group K3 ( large doses of ketamine group).3-month Sprague-Dawley male rats ( n =4) and female rats were mated at the same cage by the proportion of 2∶ 1.Pregnant mice were treated at tenth day:group N were treated saline with equal-volume to ketamine vein injection; group K1,group K2,group K3 administered vein injection 3,8,20mg/kg of ketamine.Then the 20-day offspring rats'learning and memory were assessed used Open Field Test ( record the time of the offspring in the central case through the number of grid within 2 min ) and Hole Board Test ( Counting the times of offspring stretch into the hole in 5 min) at postnatal days 20.Results In the Open Field Test,the retention time in central check of group N,group K2 and group K3 were (2.45 ± 1.23)s,(6.42 ±2.50)s,(6.41 ±2.19)s.Compared with group N,the retention time in central check of group K2 and group K3 were significantly higher (F=13.42,P＜0.01 ),and group K1 were not significant different ( t =1.33,P＞0.01 ),and the locomotion of group K1,group K2,group K3 were significantly reduced( ( 15.33 ± 6.81 ),( 13.75 ± 5.93 ),( 16.92 ± 6.54 ),F =4.24,P ＜ 0.05 ).In the Hole Board Test,the times of offspring stretch into the hole were not significant different comparing with the control group(F=2.17,P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion The dose of ketamine that equivalented clinical anesthesia can affect offspring rats' space cognitive abilities; but the exploring cognitive ability were not significantly influenced.

Objective To investigate effects of very early hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) on patients with malignant brain edema after surgical operation for treatment of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A total of 146 patients who suffered from malignant brain edema after last surgical operation for severe TBI were enrolled for this study.According to the intervention time of HBOT,they were randomized into a very early group (HBOT within 3 days after operation,n =55),an ordinary group (HBOT at 4 to 10 days after operation,n =65) and a control group (non-HBOT,n =26).Mortality rate of the 3 groups were recorded within 4 weeks after operation,and GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) score were assessed in 1,2,3 and 4 weeks after operation.Dynamic head CT scan were performed for detecting brain status and for determine the duration of brain edema.Results The mortality of the very early group,the ordinary group and the control group were 10.9％,7.7％ and 11.5％,respectively,and no statistically significant difference was revealed among the groups (P ＞ 0.05).In very early group,the GCS scores of 1,2,3 and 4 weeks after operation were (8.837 ±3.350),(10.755 ± 3.388),(11.633 ± 3.408) and (12.367 ± 3.408),respectively,with significant difference between the time points 1 week and 2,3 and 4 weeks as well as 2 and 4 weeks after surgery (P ＜0.05),but not between 2 and 3 as well as 3 and 4 weeks after surgery (P ＞ 0.05).In ordinary group,the GCS scores at 1,2,3 and 4 weeks after surgery were (8.509 ±3.042),(9.458 ±3.115),(10.186 ±3.203) and (10.627 ±3.439),respectively,with significant difference between 1 week and 2,3 and 4 weeks after operation (P ＜ 0.05).In control group,the GCS scores at 1,2,3 and4 weeks after surgery were (8.042 ±2.881),(8.417 ±2.962),(8.542 ±3.02) and (8.958 ± 3.043),with no statistical difference among different time points (P ＞ 0.05).When compared with the very early group,the GCS sores of the ordinary group and the control group were significantly lower after intervention (P ＜ 0.05),and the GCS of control group was lower than that of the ordinary group (P ＜ 0.05).As for brain edema duration,the very early group was the shortest among the 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05) Conclusion Very early hyperbaric oxygen treatment could improve consciousness state and alleviate malignant brain edema after surgical operation in TBI patients.

Objective To explore the operative methods for the first metatarsal fractures. Methods From January 2003 to January 2006, surgical operation was done on 17 patients with the first metatarsal fractures including 15 males and two females at average age of 40.5 years (11-65 years). There were four patients with the first metatarsal base fractures, seven with the first metatarsal shift frac-tures and six with the first metatarsal neck or head fractures, of whom four were with open fractures. The surgical treatment included open reduction, plate internal fixation and screw or K-wire fixation. Results Of all, 14 patients were followed up for average 14 months ( 12-24 months), which showed wound healing at one stage, without any complications. The bone union time was 8-16 weeks (mean 10.5 weeks). All patients could walk with weight loading after mean 13 weeks (9-18 weeks), without obvious pain or com-plaints. According to the midfoot and forefoot scale of American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), the mean score was 86.3 points (78-100 points). Conclusion Anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation is the best solution for the first metatarsal fracture and plays important role in recovery of foot form and foot arch function.

Objective To explore the treatment strategies for grade Ⅱ supination adduction ankle fracture. Methods From March 2003 to September 2008, 32 patients with grade Ⅱ supination adduction ankle fractures were treated surgically. There were 21 males and 11 females, at a mean age of 44.5 years (range, 21-76 years). Three patients had open ankle fractures. Anteromedial approach to the medial malleolus was taken to expose the vertical medial malleolus fractures and tibial plafond for exploring damage to distal articular surface of the tibia and that to cartilage of the talus. Open reduction and internal fixation with impaction of the articular fragment and possible bone grafting were applied to restore the height of the collapsed tibia. Medial mallcolus fractures were anatomically reduced and the intra-articular cartilage debris removed under direct vision. Repair of the lateral ligament injuries was decided acoording to the stability of the ligament. Different internal fixation was chosen according to fracture displacement of the block size and degree of lateral malleolus fractures. Fracture union, internal fixation and osteoarthritis were detected by X-ray examination. The range of ankle motion was measured. Maryland foot score was taken to assess the ankle function.Results Twenty-three patients were followed up postoperatively for a mean period of 27.9 months ( range, 6-47 months). Two prominent screws were removed from one patient five months after operation because of loosening. Bony fusion was achieved in all patients after an average period of 2.9 months ( range, 2.3-5.1 months). X-ray examination revealed no other internal fixation loosening or osteoarthritis. The average range of motion was 13 degrees of dorsiflexion (range, 6-17 degrees) and 36 degrees of plantarflexion (range, 27-46 degrees). According to Maryland foot score, ankle function was excellent in 19 patients and good in four, with excellence rate of 100%.Conclusions Understanding injury mechanism of supination adduction ankle fracture, strengthening the diagnosis and treatment of damage of tibial plafond articular surface height, cartilage and talar articular surface cartilage can effectively reduce the incidence of complications such as osteoarthritis. Anteromedial incision allows excellent exposure of the medial tibial plafond for clearance of intra-articular cartilage pieces, recovery of distal tibial articular surface height and placement of internal fixation.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of dual-source CT angiography (DSCTA) for intracranial aneurysms.Methods The data of DSCTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were collected from 95 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).The efficacies of detection and description of morphologic features of intracranial aneurysms were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 117 aneurysms in 88 patients were detected with DSCTA.Two patients were suspected of having aneurysms,and no aneurysrms were detected in 5 patients.These patients were reexamined with DSA,4 were diagnosed as having aneurysm,and the aneurysms were not detected in 3 patients.DSA results were considered as gold standard,the specificity,sensitivity and accuracy of DSCTA for the detection of intracranial aneurysms were 100％,96.7％and 96.8％,respectively.The larger volume of intracranial aneurysm was,the higher the sensitivity of DSCTA diagnosis would be.Even for small aneurysms,the sensitivity of DSCTA diagnose was more than 90％.In addition,tmeasurement results of the maximum diameter and neck width of aneurysms measured by DSCTA were almost consistent with DSA.Condclusions SCTA is a non-invasive,quick,reliable,and effective method,and can provide accurate imaging information for surgery.The specificity and sensitivity of the diagnosis of aneurysms with DSCTA are almost the same with DSA.It has more advantages than DSA in the emergency operation of intracranial aneurysms.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the strain of the weight-bearing metatarsal bone. Methods6 fresh-frozen cadaveric lower extremities were dissected to expose the dorsal aspect of metatarsal. Bone segments were clarified for adherence of strain-gauges while feet kept intact. Then vertical downward axial load was exerted to distal tibia at a 2 mm/min velocity, from 0 N to 1200 N with one minute interval of 200 N leveled loading augment each for sampling. Superficial strain of the metatarsal was measured by resistance strainmeter methods. ResultsThe strain increased gradually with axial loading, and compress force was always found at every marked bone. The strain of every marked bone was significantly different at the same loading (P<0.05). As to the strain of the middle of the metatarsal, the sequence was the second metatarsal＞the third metatarsal＞the fourth metatarsal＞the first metatarsal＞the fifth metatarsal. As to the strain of the second metatarsal, the sequence was the middle＞the neck＞the base. ConclusionThe peak strain was found at the middle of the second and third metatarsal with axial loading, which prompts the stress fractures of the second and third metatarsal are most common, especially the middle of the second metatarsal.

UNLABELLEDWe designed a pair of specific primers and a TaqMan fluorescent probe targeting the toxR gene of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP). After optimizing the conditions, the specialty, sensitivity and reproducibility of the detection method were evaluated.

RESULTS(1) the developed real-time PCR assay protocol detected only VP and was not affected by other normal food pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonela, Listeria monocytogenes. (2) the limit of detection was 25 copies of toxR gene in the detected samples, and the sensitivity of pure cultures and simulated food samples was 21 cfu/mL and 210 cfu/g. (3) the developed protocol of real-time PCR assay had a high reproducibility, and the sample's variation was 0.9% and 1.3% within the same sample and between tests. (4) the standard curve had a good linearity when the gene quantity was between 2.5x10(1) and 2.5x10(6) copies. The developed detection assay targeting the toxR gene can quantitatively detect VP in only 3 hours, and thus is an efficacious method for the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Fluorescent Dyes ; metabolism ; Gene Targeting ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Taq Polymerase ; metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; genetics ; isolation & purification

We formulated a selective enrichment broth (SVV) for simultaneous growth of Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae by single factor experiment and response surface method. We evaluated the enrichment effect of SVV by conventional culture method and real-time PCR assay. We obtained the SVV broth by supplementting the Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) with bile salt no. 3, potassium tellurite, and sodium citrate as inhibitors, and glucose, mannitol, snhydrous sodium sulfite and sodium pyruvate as accelerants. We also modified the concentration of sodium chloride in BPW. When mixed at equal or varied proportions, the target pathogens had a great accumulation (10(5)-10(8) CFU/mL) after incubated in SVV for 18 h at 37 degrees C with shaking. It can also effectively inhibit the competitive microflora. We detected 10 artificial simulated samples and 608 real samples using SVV with real-time PCR. After enriched in SVV for 18 h, the quantity of the bacteria in samples were above the detection limit. The SVV with PCR assay showed higher tested positive (4.06%) compared to that of the conventional detection method (3.78%) and there was no false report. In summary, SVV is a promising new multiplex selective enrichment broth that can be used in detection of seafood.
Culture Media ; Food Microbiology ; Salmonella ; growth & development ; Vibrio cholerae ; growth & development ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; growth & development