BACKGROUND: Molecular subtyping is an essential complementarity after pathological analyses for targeted therapy. This study aimed to investigate the consistency of next-generation sequencing (NGS) results between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based and tissue-based in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify the patient characteristics that favor ctDNA testing. METHODS: Patients who diagnosed with NSCLC and received both ctDNA- and cancer tissue-based NGS before surgery or systemic treatment in Lung Cancer Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital between December 2017 and August 2022 were enrolled. A 425-cancer panel with a HiSeq 4000 NGS platform was used for NGS. The unweighted Cohen's kappa coefficient was employed to discriminate the high-concordance group from the low-concordance group with a cutoff value of 0.6. Six machine learning models were used to identify patient characteristics that relate to high concordance between ctDNA-based and tissue-based NGS. RESULTS: A total of 85 patients were enrolled, of which 22.4% (19/85) had stage III disease and 56.5% (48/85) had stage IV disease. Forty-four patients (51.8%) showed consistent gene mutation types between ctDNA-based and tissue-based NGS, while one patient (1.2%) tested negative in both approaches. Patients with advanced diseases and metastases to other organs would be suitable for the ctDNA-based NGS, and the generalized linear model showed that T stage, M stage, and tumor mutation burden were the critical discriminators to predict the consistency of results between ctDNA-based and tissue-based NGS. CONCLUSION ctDNA-based NGS showed comparable detection performance in the targeted gene mutations compared with tissue-based NGS, and it could be considered in advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology* ; Circulating Tumor DNA/blood* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Female ; Male ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Middle Aged ; Mutation/genetics* ; Aged ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over

Objective This study aims to achieve high-yield functional expression of the human voltage-gated potassium channel K_V3.1 using an Escherichia coli cell-free protein synthesis system, thereby providing a novel synthetic approach for drug screening, structural analysis and functional characterization of K_V3.1. Methods K_V3.1 was expressed in an Escherichia coli cell-free protein synthesis system for 10 hours in the presence of peptide surfactant A₆K. The secondary structure of K_V3.1 was analyzed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The potassium channel activity of the recombinant protein liposome K_V3.1-A₆K was investigated using fluorescent dyes Oxonol VI as indicators, which are capable of reflecting alterations in membrane potential. Results Soluble K_V3.1 protein was successfully synthesized, achieving a purified yield of up to 1.2 mg/mL via an Escherichia coli cell-free protein synthesis system. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that K_V3.1 exhibited characteristic α-helical secondary structures. Membrane potential fluorescence assays demonstrated that the K_V3.1-A₆K proteoliposomes, which were reconstructed with surfactant peptide A₆K, exhibited remarkable potassium ion permeability. Conclusion This study successfully achieved high-yield expression of human K_V3.1 with activity using an Escherichia coli-based cell-free protein synthesis system. This innovative method not only significantly enhances the expression yield of K_V3.1, but also maintains its functional activity, thereby establishing a novel and efficient synthetic platform for drug screening and advancing our understanding of structure-function relationships in K_V3.1 research.
Humans ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Shaw Potassium Channels/biosynthesis* ; Cell-Free System ; Circular Dichroism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism* ; Membrane Potentials ; Shab Potassium Channels

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) plays a crucial role in regulating sensory encoding, even at the earliest stages of visual processing, as evidenced by numerous studies. Orientation selectivity, a vital neural response, is essential for detecting objects through edge perception. Here, we demonstrate that somatostatin (SOM)-expressing and parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons in the TRN project to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and modulate orientation selectivity and the capacity for visual information processing in the primary visual cortex (V1). These findings show that SOM-positive and PV-positive neurons in the TRN are powerful modulators of visual information encoding in V1, revealing a novel role for this thalamic nucleus in influencing visual processing.
Animals ; Somatostatin/metabolism* ; Parvalbumins/metabolism* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Thalamic Nuclei/physiology* ; Visual Pathways/physiology* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Visual Perception/physiology* ; Male ; Mice, Transgenic ; Visual Cortex/physiology* ; Primary Visual Cortex/cytology*

Ferroptosis of chondrocytes is a significant contributor to osteoarthritis (OA), for which there is still a lack of safe and effective therapeutic drugs targeting ferroptosis. Here, we screen for anti-ferroptotic drugs in Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library via a high-throughput manner in chondrocytes. We identified a group of FDA-approved anti-ferroptotic drugs, among which vitamin K showed the most powerful protective effect. Further study demonstrated that vitamin K effectively inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in chondrocytes. Intra-articular injection of vitamin K inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated OA phenotype in destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) mouse model. Mechanistically, transcriptome sequencing and knockdown experiments revealed that the anti-ferroptotic effects of vitamin K depended on growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6). Furthermore, exogenous expression of Gas6 was found to inhibit ferroptosis through the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) axis. Together, we demonstrate that vitamin K inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates OA progression via enhancing Gas6 expression and its downstream pathway of AXL/PI3K/AKT axis, indicating vitamin K as well as Gas6 to serve as a potential therapeutic target for OA and other ferroptosis-related diseases.

Postoperative pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage are unfavorable prognostic factors in patients with esophageal carcinoma.However,the prognostic importance of pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage after neoadjuvant treatment in these patients remains unclear.This study aimed to determine the effect of postoperative pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage on long-term survival after neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer.Our study were recruited 441 consecutive patients who had curative resection following neoadjuvant treatment for esophageal cancer in our institution from 2011-2021.The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of these patients were studied in terms of postoperative pulmonary complications and anastomotic leaking.Survival was analyzed using the log-rank test and multivariable Cox regression analysis.Postoperative pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage were present in 23.8％(n=105)and 5.2％(n=23)of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy,respectively.In the univariate analyses,pulmonary complications were associated with shorter disease-free survival,while anastomotic leakage was associated with shorter overall survival.Multivariable analysis revealed that pulmonary complications after neoadjuvant therapy were independent adverse prognostic factors for disease-free survival.Taken together,postoperative pulmonary complications and anastomotic leakage ware significantly negatively correlated with disease-free and overall survival,respectively.And the postoperative pulmonary complication is an independent poor prognostic factor of disease-free survival for esophageal cancer following neoadjuvant treatment.

Objective To explore the differences in scapular motion and shoulder function between patients suffering from rotator cuff tears(RCT)with and without type Ⅲ scapular dyskinesis(SD).Meth-ods Between September 2021 and March 2023,sixteen patients suffering from rotator cuff tears with SD(SD group)and 17 counterparts without SD(non-SD group)were recruited from the Sports Hospital of the General Administration of Sport of China.Their scapular motion was assessed by measuring three parameters in the X-rays,including scapular spine line(LSS),scapular upward rotation angle(SU-RA),and coracoid upward shift distance(CUSD).Moreover,their shoulder range of motion in flexion,abduction and external rotation were recorded,and further evaluated using the Pain Visual Analog Scale(VAS)and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score(ASES).Results No significant differenc-es were found between the two groups in the average score of SURA,CUSD and LSS at 0°～30° shoul-der abduction,or in that of CUSD and LSS at 60°～90°shoulder abduction.However,the average SU-RA score of the SD group at 60°～90°shoulder abduction was significantly greater than the other group(P<0.05).The shoulder ranges of motion during active flexion,abduction and external rotation were significantly smaller in the SD group than in the non-SD group(P<0.05).Moreover,the average VAS score in the SD group was significantly higher than the non-SD group(P<0.05),while the average ASES score was significantly lower than the latter group(P<0.05).Conclusions RCT patients type III SD exhibits greater scapular upward rotation during shoulder abduction compared to those without SD.Moreover,the former patients suffer from more severe pain and have worse shoulder range of motion and functional performance than the latter.

Pulmonary blast injury has become the main type of trauma in modern warfare, characterized by externally mild injuries but internally severe injuries, rapid disease progression, and a high rate of early death. The injury is complicated in clinical practice, often with multiple and compound injuries. Currently, there is a lack of effective protective materials, accurate injury detection instrument and portable monitoring and transportation equipment, standardized clinical treatment guidelines in various medical centers, and evidence-based guidelines at home and abroad, resulting in a high mortality in clinlcal practice. Therefore, the Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized military and civilian experts in related fields such as thoracic surgery and traumatic surgery to jointly develop the Clinical treatment guideline for pulmonary blast injury ( version 2023) by combining evidence for effectiveness and clinical first-line treatment experience. This guideline provided 16 recommended opinions surrounding definition, characteristics, pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment, and in-hospital treatment of pulmonary blast injury, hoping to provide a basis for the clinical treatment in hospitals at different levels.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and genetic features of SMC1A gene related disorders. Methods:The data of 5 children with SMC1A gene variants were collected from Children′s Hospital of Fudan University from February 2018 to January 2022. The clinical features, electroencephalogram (EEG), brain imaging and gene testing results were summarized. Results:Among the 5 patients, 4 are females and 1 is male. Two female cases are siblings. One boy had dysmorphic features, consisting of bilateral ptosis, synophrys, a short nose and upturned nasal tip. He also had patent foramen ovale plus atrial septal defect, unilateral cryptorchidism and microcephaly. Three cases had microcephaly. Two girls had patent foramen ovale, and 2 girls had microcephaly. Four cases had epilepsy, and age at seizure onset ranged from 2 to 52 months. Multiple seizure types were observed, including bilateral tonic clonic seizures in 2 patients, and focal seizures in 3 patients. The seizures in 3 cases were in cluster. All patients had developmental delay, including 1 patient with mild and 4 patients with moderate to severe developmental delay. Three patients had slow background activity in EEG. Interictal EEG showed abnormal discharges in 4 patients, including focal discharges in 3 cases and generalized discharges in 1 case. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal in 3 patients and showed mild cortical thickening in 1 case. All cases harbored 4 SMC1A gene variants, including 2 missense variants and 2 frameshift variants (c.580_587del, c.2699delG, c.3362G>A, c.1486C>T). Three cases harbored heterozygous SMC1A variants and 2 cases carried somatic mosaic SMC1A variants with 17.5% and 88.1% mosaicism in peripheral blood. The follow-up lasted for 3 months to 4 years. The epilepsy was refractory in 2 cases. During the follow-up, all cases had very slow developmental progress or developmental retardation. All cases had different levels of growth retardation. The scores of Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) phenotypes in 5 cases were 2-6. One case had the combined phenotypes of atypical CdLS and developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). The phenotype was atypical CdLS in 1 case and DEE in 1 case. The phenotypes of 2 cases with SMC1A missense variants were mild, manifesting as non-refractory epilepsy and moderate to severe developmental delay. Conclusions:All of cases with SMC1A gene variants have developmental delay. Most of the patients have clusters of seizures and some dysmorphisms. The phenotypes of SMC1A gene related disorders are diverse. Except CdLS and DEE, there are some patients with mild phenotype due to missense variants of SMC1A gene.

The neurotrophin-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating the balance of excitation and inhibition in the primary visual cortex (V1). Previous studies have revealed its mechanism of regulating the level of cortical excitability by increasing the efficiency of excitatory transmission, but it has not been elucidated how TrkB receptors regulate the balance of excitation and inhibition through the inhibitory system, which in turn affects visual cortex function. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate how the TrkB signaling pathway specifically regulates the most important inhibitory neuron-PV neurons affects the visual cortex function of mice. The expression of TrkB receptor on PV neurons in the V1 region was specifically reduced by the virus, the functional changes of inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the primary visual cortex were recorded by multi-channel electrophysiological in vivo. The orientation discrimination ability of mice was tested by behavioral experiments, and altered orientation discrimination ability of mice was tested by behavioral experiments. The results showed that reduced expression of TrkB receptors on PV inhibitory neurons in primary visual cortex significantly increased the response intensity of excitatory neurons, reduced the orientation discrimination ability of inhibitory and excitatory neurons, and increased the signal-to-noise ratio, but the orientation discrimination ability at the individual level in mice showed a decrease. These results suggest that the TrkB signaling pathway does not modulate the function of PV neurons solely by increasing excitatory transmission targeting PV neurons, and its effect on neuronal signal-to-noise ratio is not due to enhancement of the inhibitory system.
Mice ; Animals ; Receptor, trkB/metabolism* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical features and genetic variant in a child with Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome (CCDS). METHODS: A child who had presented at the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Fudan University on March 5, 2021 was selected as the study subject. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for the child, and candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. The level of creatine in the brain was determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: The patient, a 1-year-and-10-month male, had presented with developmental delay and epilepsy. Both his mother and grandmother had a history of convulsions. MRS showed reduced cerebral creatine in bilateral basal ganglia and thalamus. The child was found to harbor a hemizygous splicing variant of the SLC6A8 gene, namely c.1767+1_1767+2insA, which may lead to protein truncation. The variant was not found in the public databases. Both his mother and grandmother were heterozygous carriers for the same variant. CONCLUSION The hemizygous c.1767+1_1767+2insA variant of the SLC6A8 gene probably underlay the CCDS in this child. Discovery of the novel variant has also expanded the mutational spectrum of the SLC6A8 gene.
Humans ; Male ; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Brain ; Creatine/genetics* ; Heterozygote ; Mothers ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/genetics* ; Infant