Lung cancer, a malignant cancer with highest death rate, severely threats the people's health. 80% lung carcinomas are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent studies have found that estrogen system has close relationship with the biological behaviors of NSCLC. Meanwhile, the level of estrogen influences the progression of disease and the prognosis of lung cancer patients. As a result, estrogen pathway has become a hot target in NSCLC treatment. This paper reviews the recearch advances of estrogen system in NSCLC treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To work out the optimal inventory levels in zero inventory management mode through model predic-tion and control strategy,by using the inventory upper & lower limits settings generally available in the information management system of health care institutions. METHODS:Multi-varieties joint ordering modelwas constructed by referring to operations management,time series analysis and quantitative approach to decision-making,that is,to make a prediction of upper&lower lim-its on medicine inventory based on historical data and applicable mathematical models(fixed order interval model and re-order mod-el,i.e. FOI and ROP),and compared with real results;based on above,specific medicine procurement and inventory control strat-egies would be developed and an evaluation of the application effects would be made. RESULTS:The error test and reproducibility test exhibited that the out-of-stock ratio remained under 3.36%,of which 71.24% could be effectively alarmed;under computer simulation and practical operation,the instant replenishment rate reduced by 9.33% and 13.03%,OOS ratio down by 11.11% and 27.45%,and average daily inventory turnover rate up by 30.19% and 15.85% respectively,all showing remarkable improvements compared to before the implementation of the mode. CONCLUSIONS:This model is of favorable accuracy and operability,there-fore it can lay foundation for rational and well-founded decisions in medicine procurement and inventory control in zero inventory management mode.

Objective To compare the prognosis of sentinel node-positive breast cancer patients forgoing axillary lymph node dissection.Methods A systematic literature search (Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library)ended in April 2014 was performed to identify all eligible articles.Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data.RevMan5 was used for statistical analysis.Results A total of 1026 abstracts were retrieved and 18 clinical controlled studies finally included,the total number of patients were 47 894,7389 had micrometastases in sentinel lymph node,35 217 had macrometastases in sentinel lymph node and 5288 had positive sentinel lymph node regardless of micrometastases or macrometastases.For patients with MIC,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate,5-year disease free survival and 5-year overall survival had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.78;95％ CI:0.72-4.39,P=0.21),(OR =0.76,95％CI:0.56-1.04,P=0.08),(OR=0.77,95％CI:0.43-1.40,P=0.39).For patients with MAC,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.21;95％ CI:O.76-1.91,P =0.42).For patients with positive sentinel lymph node regardless of micrometastases or macrometastases,the 5-year axillary recurrence rate and 5-year overall survival had no significant difference between patients who only received sentinel lymph node biopsy and patients who received further axillary lymph node dissection,(OR =1.29;95％ CI:0.92-1.80,P =0.14),(OR =0.96,95％ CI:0.64-1.45,P =0.84).Conclusions Among patients with limited positive SLN of breast cancer,patients forgoing ALND compared with ALND did not have obvious affect on long-term survival.

Objective To study a rational method of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreatoduodenectomy.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical material of 108 cases of bundle-invagination(pancreaticojejunostomy) after pancreatoduodenectomy performed from Jan 1996 to Dec 2003 in our department.Results The operative time was 3.5~4.5 hours.No perioperative death nor pancreatic fistula occurred.One diabetic patient developed biliary fistula on the 8~(th) post-operative day and it healed spontaneously after drainage.Two cases had wound dehiscence that healed after tension relaxation suture.Two cases of(postoperative) gastroparesis recovered after conservative treatment.Conclusions The bundle-invagination(pancreaticojejunostomy) can more effectively prevent pancreatic fistula and have less operation time.

Objective To study the expression of interleukin-1β in aortic dissections and aneurysms. Methods Aortic specimens were obtained from patients with type Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection (11 cases),ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (10 cases),and healthy organ donors (7 cases).Expression of interleukin-1β,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and signal transduction factors phospho-p38 and phospho-JNK were detected by real time RT-PCR,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry,respectively.TUNEL staining was performed to detect apoptosis of media cells. Results Apoptosis in the media of thoracic aortic dissection and ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms was dramatically higher than control group.Expression of interleukin-1β gradually increased in an order of control group,thoracic aortic dissection to ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms ( P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9significantly increased in the media of thoracic aortic dissection and ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01,respectively).There were positive correlations between interleukin1 β and matrix metalloproteinase-9,interleukin-1β and phospho-p38 in thoracic aortic dissection ( P ＜ 0.01,respectively),interleukin-1β and apoptosis in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Interleukin-1β and interferon-γ might effect the formation of thoracic aortic dissection and ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms possibly through the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and apoptosis of media cells in humans.

The patient 1 was a 9-year-old boy of Hui nationality who presented with recurrent erythema over the face and auricles for 8 years.Telangiectasis and erythema developed on both cheeks 7 months after birth,which gradually spread to the auricles,forearms and both legs with a mild ichthyosiform appearance.At 5 years of age blisters and erosions appeared on the lips,which occurred and were aggravated after exposure to strong sunlight during summer and spontaneously subsided or disappeared in winter.The patient 2,a 3-year-old boy who was the younger brother of the patient 1,presented with recurrent erythema for 2 years.At 1 year of age,erythema began to appear on both cheeks and gradually spread to the buccal region,with mild pruritus and scaling.Meanwhile,the skin of both legs was dry and scaling and gave an ichthyosifonn appearance.The lesions usually appeared in early summer and gradually subsided in winter.No abnormality was found by systemic,laboratory,pathological or other auxiliary examination.Chromosomal abnormality was undetected.Body height was normal.The parents of the two siblings were first cousins.Both children were diagnosed with Bloom's syndrome.

Objective:To evaluate the immunogenicity of an experimental SARS-CoV inactivated vaccine.Methods:The virus suspension of F69 strain was inactivated with 0.4% formaldehyde and purified,then used as the immune antigen combined with Freund′s adjuvant.Eight adult New Zealand rabbits were immunized 4 times with this vaccine.12 sets of rabbit serum were sampled from the third day to 74th day after first immunization.Titers of specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody were determined by indirect ELISA and micro-cytopathic effect neutralizing test.Results:Rapid and potent humoral immune responses were induced by F69 inactivated vaccine in all eight immunized rabbits.Both specific IgG antibody and neutralizing antibody all peaked just with 2 vaccinations,with the maximum titer of 1∶81 920 and 1∶20 480 respectively about 6 weeks after first immunization.Across neutralizing reaction existed between F69 and Z2-Y3 strains.Conclusion:F69 inactivated vaccine owns strong immunogenicity.Similar antigenic epitopes exist between the F69 strain and Z2-Y3 strain,which ensured the cross neutralizing reaction.

AIM: To investigate the behaviour of 3T3 fibroblast and macrophage co-culture on blood fibrin clot or adipose tissue with recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF). METHODS: MTT method, inverted contrast microscopy, Giemsa staining as well as scanning electron microscope were used in the present study. RESULTS: The effect of rhbFGF on co-culture of 3T3 fibroblast and mouse macrophage on blood fibrin clot in low-serum DMEM with rhbFGF were monitored, and 3T3 fibroblast and macrophage growed well on the blood fibrin blot in low-serum DMEM with rhbFGF. CONCLUSION: The blood fibrin clot, with its low immunogenicity, could be used as a bionic support for three-dimensional tissue culture, and also a physiological carrier to distribute the growth factor rhbFGF for the cells.

The killing effects of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene/ganciclovir (HSV-tk/GCV) approach by the addition of several commonly clinical chemotherapeutic agents on hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) cells PC-3m were investigated. After transferring of the HSV-tk gene into PC-3m cells, mRNA and protein expression of HSV-tk was detected by reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and strept avidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemical method. The killing effect of GCV, cisplatin (CDDP), etoposide (VP-16), vincristine (VCR), methotrexate (MTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu), and suramin on PC-3m cells was evaluated by morphological assessment analysis, trypan blue exclusion assay and MTT assay respectively. Additionally, the cooperative effect of HSV-tk/GCV system combined with the above agents on the target cancer cells was determined by MTT. Furthermore, apoptosis and necrosis induced by GCV plus 5-Fu or suramin was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that that there was HSV-tk mRNA and protein expression in pDR2-tk plasmid transduced PC-3m cell. Combination of GCV with VP-16, VCR, 5-Fu or suramin led to an enhanced cellular killing effect, but with CDDP resulted in a reduced one and with MTX in an approximate one. FCM revealed that synergistic use of GCV and 5-fu or suramin resulted in a rather large proportion of apoptosis and necrosis with the apoptosis index being 36.38% and 35.51%, and the proportion of necrosis being 33.05% and 28.87%, respectively. In conclusion, HSV-tk/CGV approach by addition of certain clinical available chemotherapeutic drugs brings on statistically significant enhanced cell killing over single-agent treatment. Our results highlight the potential for such new combination therapies for future treatments of HRPC.

Aim To explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) in Astragaloside Ⅳ-induced cardioprotection in H9c2 cardiac cells, and to explore the potential mitochondrial mechanism.Methods Conventional culture was performed of rat heart tissue-derived H9c2 cells.Experiment was randomly divided into the control group, the ERS inducer 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose(2-DG) group, Astragaloside Ⅳ and 2-DG combination group, Astragaloside Ⅳ group.Confocal microscopy was used to observe the changes of TMRE fluorescence intensity so as to confirm the influence of ERS on the mitochondrial potential, and further speculate on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP).Western blot analysis was applied to detect the expressions of ERS proteins GRP 78, GRP 94 and IRE1.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the cells.Results Different doses of 2-DG could mimic the mPTP opener atractyloside to induce the mPTP opening with the peak at 100 μmol·L-1;Astragaloside Ⅳ significantly reduced 2-DG-induced mPTP opening, the expression of GPR 78, GRP 94 and IRE1 and reduced injury of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.Conclusions Endoplasmic reticulum stress could be induced by 2-DG.Astragaloside ⅳ-induced mitochondrial cardioprotection involves inhibition of the ERS through GRP 78, GRP 94 and IRE1 by prevention of the mPTP opening.