Objective To investigate the ideal reconstruction methods after pelvic tumor resection and to assess the feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for pelvic reconstruction,we performed a retrospective study of patients with pelvic tumors who received tumor resection and reconstruction using 3D-printed pelvic endoprostheses.Methods Thirty-five patients received tumor resection and functional reconstruction with 3D-printed pelvic endoprostheses in our center from Sep.2013 to Dec.2015.According to Enneking' s classification,there were 3 cases of Type Ⅰ,12 cases of Type Ⅱ+Ⅲ,5 cases of Type Ⅰ+Ⅱ,2 case of Type Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ,10 cases of type Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ and 3 cases of type Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ resection.Methods of reconstruction included 3 patients with 3D-printed iliac endoprosthesis,12 patients with 3D-printed standard hemipelvic endoprosthesis and 20 patients with 3D-printed screw-rod connected hemipelvic endoprosthesis.Results All 35 patients underwent en bloc resection.Margins were wide in 15 cases,marginal in 14 cases and intralesional in 6 cases.After a mean followed-up of 20.5 months (6 to 30),25 patients survived without evidence of disease,5 patients were alive with diseases and 5 patients died of distant metastasis.Complications included 7 cases of delayed wound healing,2 cases of hip dislocation and no cases of deep infection.The average MSTS 93 score was 19.1 (9-26) for all of the 30 alive patients,22.7 (20 to 25) for 3 patients with iliac endoprosthesis reconstruction,19.8 (15 to 26) for 12 patients with standard hemipelvic endoprosthesis reconstruction,and 17.7 (9 to 25) for 15 patients with screw-rod connected hemipelvic endoprosthesis at the last follow up.Conclusion The application of 3D-printing technology could facilitate precise matching and osseointegration between the implants and host bone.Our clinical results proved that application of 3D-printed pelvic endoprostheses for reconstruction of bony defect was safe without additional complications,and that good functional results could be expected during short-term follow-up.

Objective:To assess the surgical outcome of patients with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) treated in our insti-tute. This study was also designed to describe the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of MCS to provide a better understand-ing of its clinical management. Methods:A total of 27 patients with MCS were treated in Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China from October 1997 to March 2011. Demographic information and follow-up data were obtained and statistically analyzed. Re-sults:Among the 27 patients, 9 were males and 18 were females with a mean age of 30.4 years (ranging from 14 years to 51 years). The median follow-up time was 42.6 months (ranging from 6 months to 104 months). Among the total number of tumor cases, 22 and 5 were detected in bone tissues and extra-skeletal sites, respectively. A total of 25 patients underwent surgery, but only 17 achieved the standard surgical margin of wide excision. Among these patients, 16 and 13 were subjected to chemotherapy and irradiation. The three-and five-year survival rates were 65%and 49.5%, respectively. Conclusion:MCS is a rare tumor resulting in morbidity with local recur-rences and long-term metastases. In this study, standard multimodal regimens were proposed to treat MCS. The results recommended wide resection with suitable surgical margins as the preferred treatment. However, further studies should be conducted because the infor-mation about the benefits of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the control of local or systemic symptoms of MCS remains insufficient.

Aim The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of AA、15-HETE、15-KETE and 8(S),15(S)-DiHETE on hypoxic and normoxic rabbit pulmonary arterial rings and to discuss their roles in the formation of PA hypertension.Methods Twelve neonatal rabbits were randomly divided into two groups(n=6):the normoxic group breathing fresh gas(FiO_2 =21%) and the hypoxic group breathing hypoxic gas(FiO_2=10%).After 9 days,they were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium,and the chest was opened for removal of the heart and lungs en bloc,then PA rings(0.5~1.5 mm in diameter and 3 mm length) were prepared.We used tension studies of PA rings to observe the effect of AA、15-HETE、15-KETE and 8(S),15(S)-DiHETE on hypoxic and normoxic rabbit pulmonary arterial rings.Results ① AA、15-HETE、15-KETE and 8(S),15(S)-DiHETE constricted normoxic rabbit PA rings in a dose-dependent manner,respectively.Constriction of normoxic rabbit PA rings induced by 15-KETE、8(S),15(S)-DiHETE was significant,but that of AA、15-HETE wasn′t significant.② AA、15-HETE、15-KETE and 8(S),15(S)-DiHETE increased hypoxic rabbit PA rings' tension.Constriction of AA、15-HETE on rabbit PA rings in hypoxic group was significantly greater than that of normoxic group(P0.05).③ Constriction of 15-KETE on rabbit PA rings in normoxic group was significantly greater than that of hypoxia group(P

Aim To investigate the effect of 15-ketoeicosatetraenoic acid(15-KETE)and its mechanism through ion channels on rat isolated pulmonary arterial rings by using organ bath technique.Methods Sixteen healthy Wistar rats weighing 220?20 g were divided into two groups(n=8): normoxia group breathing fresh air(FiO_2=21%) and hypoxia group breathing hypoxic air(FiO_2=10%) in a hypoxic box.Pulmonary arteries(PA)were extracted after 9 d and cut into rings(0.5~1.0 mm in diameter and 3 mm in length) for organ bath experiments.Results(1) With increasing concentration from 0 to10~(-6) mol?L~(-1),15-KETE increased PA rings tension gradually in a dosedependent fashion;(2) 4-aminopyridine(2 mmol?L~(-1)),a Kv channel blocker significantly decreased constriction of rat isolated PA rings induced by 15-KETE,and results were similar in two groups;(3) The K_(ATP) channel blocker glyburide(10~(-6)6 mol?L~(-1)) and the BK_(Ca) channel blocker tetraethylammonium(10 mmol?L~(-1)) did not affect constriction of rat isolated PA rings induced by 15-KETE;(4) The BKCa channel blocker nifedipine(10~(-6) mol?L~(-1)) and Ca~(2+)-free Krebs solution significantly decreased constriction of rat isolated PA rings induced by 15-KETE.Conclusion Kv channels play a role in constriction of PA induced by 15-KETE;L-type Ca~(2+) channel blocker and extracellular calcium ion also influence constriction of isolated PA rings induced by 15-KETE.

Objective:To investigate the role of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in molecular mechanism of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: Seventy-eight healthy female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=26): rats in control group received no treatment; rats in EAE group were induced with complete Freund's adjuvant and Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate(CFA-GPSCH); and rats in pyrrolidine-dithiocharbamate (PDTC) group received PDTC (100 mg/kg), a specific inhibitor of NF-kB, 1 h before and after(once a day for 7 d) CFA-GPSCH treatment. HO-1 mRNA expression were analyzed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) on 1 d,7 d,14 d,and 21 d after EAE induction, respectively. The relationship between HO-1 and symptoms of EAE was also investigated. Results: The expression of HO-1 mRNA was very low in the brains of the control group (0.27?0.05), whereas enhanced gradually with onset and development of EAE in EAE group, peaked on d 7 (1.11?0.12), kept at a high level till d 14(1.06?0.18) and decreased on d 21 (0.37?0.1). HO-1 mRNA expression change was in parallel with severities of EAE. In PDTC group,the EAE symptoms were mitigated markedly and the expression of HO-1 mRNA reduced noticeably compared with that of EAE group. Conclusion: Brain HO-1 mRNA expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of EAE,and application of some inhibitors of NF-kB may be one of the potential therapies for prevention and treatment of EAE.

Objective To study a rational method of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreatoduodenectomy.Methods Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical material of 108 cases of bundle-invagination(pancreaticojejunostomy) after pancreatoduodenectomy performed from Jan 1996 to Dec 2003 in our department.Results The operative time was 3.5~4.5 hours.No perioperative death nor pancreatic fistula occurred.One diabetic patient developed biliary fistula on the 8~(th) post-operative day and it healed spontaneously after drainage.Two cases had wound dehiscence that healed after tension relaxation suture.Two cases of(postoperative) gastroparesis recovered after conservative treatment.Conclusions The bundle-invagination(pancreaticojejunostomy) can more effectively prevent pancreatic fistula and have less operation time.

Objective To determine the distribution of IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ in the lacrimal gland lesions and submaxillary lymph nodes of MRL/Ipr mice-a model for idiopathic dacryoadenitis, and investi-gate the possible role of T-belper cells in the disease. Methods Frozen sections of lacrimal glands and sub-maxillary lymph nodes from MRL/lpr and BALB/c mice age 3 months were stained with antibodies to the cy-tokines IL-4, IL-17 and IFN-γ, then calculated the numbers or proportions of positive cells respectively,double staining for CD4 and each cytokine was taken in lymph nodes of MRL/Ipr mice additionally. Results The major cytokine in lacrimal gland lesions is IL-4, which contrasts to little IL-17 or IFN-γ/stained(P <0.05), the numbers of cells staining for each cytokine in submaxillary lymph nodes elevate in MRL/lpr mice, and the expressions of IL-4 and IL-17 are greater than IFN-γ significantly. Conclusion Th2 may play an important role in the development of local dacryoadenitis and systemic abnormality in MRL/lpr mice,the role of IL-17 maybe different in lacrimal gland lesions and lymph nodes which need more research.

Objective To investigate the influence of ionic strength on the stability of the methotrexate-loaded dendrimer nanoparticles. Methods The influences of different ions (Na+,Cl-) and different concentrations of sodium chloride on the stability of the nanoparticles were studied. The particle size was measured by dynamic light scattering(DLS) and drug-loading content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in order to evaluate the stability. Results The Cl- was finally verified to play an important role in stabilizing the nanoparticles and the effective concentration of the sodium chloride was recommended to be below 1. 80% . Conclusion The recommended concentration (less than 1. 80% ) of the sodium chloride significantly improves the stability of the nanoparticles and benefits for long term storage.

BACKGROUND:J2 takes functional domain (MHC CD4-D1/) of complex conjugate of CD4 molecule and MHC class II molecule as a target, and is a smal molecule compound obtained by computer screening from a chemical data containing hundreds of thousands of organic compounds. In the previous study, J2 was used in mouse models of skin transplantation and keratoplasty by oral and intraperitoneal injection. Results verified that J2 could prolong the survival time of grafts, and suppress occurrence of rejection. To better play the role of a drug targeting and to reduce systemic toxicity, J2 wil be further utilized in local treatment of keratoplasty rejection. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the inhibitory effect of new immunosuppressive agent J2 on CD4+ and CD8+T cel immune functions in rat models receiving alogenic penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS:Alogeneic penetrating keratoplasty model was established using the adult female Wistar rats as donors and Sprague-Dawley rats as recipients. Group A: normal Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 0.05 mL placebo subconjunctivaly. Surgery rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group B: alograft rats were injected with 0.05 mL placebo subconjunctivaly after autologous keratoplasty. Group C: alograft rats were injected with 0.05 mL placebo subconjunctivaly. Group D: alograft rats were injected with 1% J2-nanosuspension 0.05 mL subconjunctivaly. The distribution of T cel subsets in peripheral blood was detected using flow cytometry at 3 days, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after transplantation and compared among groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in total CD3+ T cels, CD4+ T cels, CD8+ T cels and CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood lymphocytes in group B at various time points. At 3 days and 1 week after surgery in group C, no significant difference in total CD3+ T cels, CD4+ T cels and CD8+ T cels was detected. At 1 and 2 weeks, the number of total CD3+ T cels, CD4+ T cels and CD8+ T cels increased, showing significant differences (P < 0.05). In group D, no significant hyperplasy was found in CD4+ T cels and CD8+ T cels at 1 and 2 weeks. The horizontal comparison of the same time point: the total CD3+ T lymphocytes of group D was significantly less than group C at 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks after operation (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference at 3 weeks between the group D and group C. The number of CD4+ T lymphocytes in group D was less than in group C at 3 days and 1 week, but with no significant difference. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ had no significant difference in group D compared with group C at 3 days, 1 and 3 weeks. J2 inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation and then inhibits T cel-mediated corneal alograft rejection.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome in the treatment of humerus shaft comminuted fractures using limited open reduction and internal fixation combined with an external fixator.Methods Data of 80 patients with comminuted humerus shaft fractures treated from January 2005 to January 2013 were analysed retrospectively.All the patients underwent limited open reduction and internal fixation combined with an external fixator (treatment group) and open reduction and plate fixation (control group) according to the random number table.In the treatment group,there were 40 patients (28 males,12 females),at mean age of 33.5 years (range,21-54 years),with causes of injury including traffic accidents in five patients,falls in nine,crashes in seven and others in six.There were seven patients with open fractures and 33 with closed fractures.In the control group,there were 40 patients (25 males,15 females),at mean age of 32.9 years (range,19-55 years),with causes of injury including traffic accidents in 16 patients,tumbling in seven,crush in seven and others in ten.There were eight patients with open fractures and 32 with closed fractures.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,bone union time and complications in both groups were recorded.Clinical efficacy was evaluated using the Stewart and Hundley standard.Results Mean follow-up was 19 months (range,15-24 months).Treatment and control groups showed significant differences in operation time [(55.5 ± 10.3) minutes vs.(120.5 ± 15.3) minutes],intraoperative blood loss [(120.4 ± 20.7) ml vs.(245.4 ± 26.7) ml] and bone union time [(11.6 ± 1.3) weeks vs.(14.9 ± 2.3) weeks] (P ＜ 0.05).Rate of incision infection was 8％ (3/40) in treatment group and 10％ (4/40) in control group (P ＞ 0.05).In treatment group the results were excellent in 31 patients and good in nine.In control group the results were excellent in 27 patients,good in nine,fair in one and poor in three.One patient with radial nerve injury after a second surgery for implant removal and two patients with osteomyelitis or bone nonunion were noted in control group.Conclusion Limited open reduction and internal fixation in combination with an external fixator is associated with small trauma,easy operation,short operation time,few bleeding,rigid fixation,early functional exercises and reduced bone nonunion for treatment of comminuted humerus shaft fractures,which exhibits great clinical value.