Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of multiple spiral CT angiography in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.Methods 16 patients clinically suspected of pulmonary embolism underwent multiple spiral CT angiography.Emboli were found in the 8 patients of all on multiple spiral CT angiography.5 of the patients were reexamined with this method 20 to 30 days after thrombolysis. Results In 8 patients with pulmonary embolism,43 vessels were involved with pulmonary embolism.The presence of pulmonary embolism on CT was seen as a total occlusion,partial filling defect,mural filling defect et al;dilated of pulmonary artery trunk;all signs with deceleration of pulmonary blood or “mosaic sign”. 5 patients were reexamined with this method.The emboli dissoved partly or entirely.Conclusion Multiple spiral CT angiography is a noninvasive and effective method for examining pulmonary embolism.

Objective To evaluate the display ability and the clinical application of multislice spiral CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) in the diagnosis of vascular diseases. Methods Fifty-six patients were examined by CT virtual endoscopy.32 patients also had DSA for comparison.18 patients were confirmed by operation (3 patients also had DSA).9 patients with pulmonary embolism were confirmed by other examinations and treatments.Results 56 patients showed successful CT virtual endoscopy images.CT virtual endoscopy images could clearly show the inner wall and inner structures of the vessels,mural thrombus,calcification form,stenosis of the vessels,the true and false lumina of aortic dissections,the lesion of false aneurysm,and the anatomic relationship between the lesion and surrounding structures of the normal vessels.Out of the 32 patients with vessel abnormalities on DSA,24 patients (75%) showed the lesions on CTVE.17 out of 18 patients with operation showed the lesions on CTVE.All 9 patients with pulmonary embolism showed the abnormalities on CTVE.Chi-square test:? 2=5.2809,P=0.071 patients showed the vascular diseases on CTVE in 56 patients (84%).Conclusion MSCT virtual endoscopy could provide more information of the vessel by displaying the inner wall and allowing users to map the vessels in a display.It is helpful in correct diagnosis and guiding surgery.

Background Voriconazole is the traditionally used antifungal agent,but its ophthalmic form is unsatisfactory.A novel ophthalmic drug delivery system with biomedical devices may be of promising for the prognosis of fungal keratitis.Objective This study was to investigate the sustained release,therapeutic effect and biocompatibility of effect and quaternized chitosan functionalized with carboxylated graphene and nano-silver and voriconazole (CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor) for fungal keratitis.Methods This study complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals of State Science and Technology Commission.Two hundred and ten SPF female C57BL/6 mice were selected with the age 6-8 weeks for the biocompatibility experiment (30 mice) and therapeutic observation of CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor (180 mice).CS-ETA/Ag/GO and CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor were attached on the normal corneas of mice and compared with the normal mice to assess the histopathological changes.Aspergillus fumigatus-infected mouse models were established in the left eyes of 180 mice by intrastromally injection of 2.0 μl Aspergillus fumigatus suspension with the density of 5 × 107 CFU/ml,then the mice were randomized into the model control group,CS-ETA/Ag/GO group and CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor group,and the corresponding membrane were attached the central corneas in different groups.In 1 day,3,5,7 days after modeling,the corneas were examined under the slit lamp microscope and scored,and corneal sections were prepared for the histopathological examination.Fungal activity was confirmed by plate counts,and real-time PCR was employed to assay the relative expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in the corneas.Results No morphological abnormality was seen in the corneas in the normal control group,CS-ETA/Ag/GO group and CSETA/Ag/GO/Vor group.Corneal inflammatory score was significantly lower in the CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor group in various time points,with a significant differences among the groups and time points (Fgroup =237.29,P=0.00;Ftime =260.33,P=0.00).The edema,necrosis or perforation of cornea were seen in the model control group,and slighter inflammatory response in the CS-ETA/Ag/GO group,and corneal edema was gradually disappear in the CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor group.The corneal fungal loads were highest in the model control group and lowest in the CS-ETA/Ag/GO/V or group,with significant differences among the three groups and various time points (Fgroup =113.15,P =0.00;Ftime =126.52,P=0.00).The relative expressions of IL-1β mRNA and TNF-α mRNA in the corneas peaked in the fifth day after modeling in all of the three groups,and the expression levels of IL-1β mRNA and TNF-α mRNA in the corneas were lowest in the CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor group,showing significant differences among the groups and time points (IL-1β:Fgroup =189.90,P =0.00;Ftime =108.56,P =0.00;TNF-α:Fgroup =82.55,P =0.00;Ftime =44.36,P =0.00).Conclusions CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor delivery system plays an anti-fungal activity in fungal keratitis by the synergistic effect of voriconazole and Ag+.In addition,CS-ETA/Ag/GO/Vor appears to have a good safety after topical application.

Humans ; Nails ; Hydroxyurea/adverse effects* ; Alopecia/chemically induced*

PURPOSE: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) has been well-documented to induce liver injury. miRNA-222-3p (miR-222-3p) was implicated in SEB-induced lung injury and several liver injuries. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-222-3p in SEB-induced liver injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of miR-222-3p and suppressors of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) was detected using real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. Liver injury was determined by levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and inflammatory cytokines, numbers of infiltrating mononuclear cells using AST/ALT assay kit, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and hematoxylin-eosin staining, respectively. Target binding between miR-222-3p and SOCS1 was predicted on targetScan software, and confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: SEB induced liver injury in D-galactosamine (D-gal)-sensitized mice, as demonstrated by increased serum levels of AST and ALT, elevated release of interferon-gamma (INF-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-2, and promoted infiltrating immune cells into liver. Expression of miR-222-3p was dramatically upregulated, and SOCS1 was downregulated in SEB-induced liver injury both in mice and splenocytes. Moreover, miR-222-3p knockout (KO) mice exhibited alleviated liver injury accompanied with SOCS1 upregulation. Besides, splenocytes under SEB challenge released less INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-2 during miR-222-3p knockdown. Mechanically, SOCS1 was targeted and downregulated by miR-222-3p. Upregulation of SOCS1 attenuated INF-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-2 release in SEB-induced splenocytes; downregulation of SOCS1 could block the suppressive role of miR-222-3p knockdown in SEB-induced splenocytes. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of miR-222-3p relieves SEB-induced liver inflammatory injury by upregulating SOCS1, thereby providing the first evidence of miR-222-3p in SEB-induced liver injury.
Alanine Transaminase ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blotting, Western ; Cytokines ; Down-Regulation ; Enterotoxins ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; Liver ; Luciferases ; Lung Injury ; Mice ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Up-Regulation

The present study was performed to establish the UPLC fingerprints of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma and determine the contents of three saponins by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS), and provide basis for quality evaluation of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma. The analysis was carried out on an analytical column of Waters Cortecs T3(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.6 μm)with gradient elution by acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1). The detection wavelength was 203 nm, the column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 1 μL. The UPLC fingerprints of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma were established and evaluated by similarity calculation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The relative calibration factors of toberoside B and toberoside C were determined with toberoside A as internal reference. The content was calculated by relative calibration factors to develop a method of QAMS. Comparing the results of QAMS with those of ESM, the accuracy and feasibility of one-eva-luation and multi-evaluation can be determined. RESULTS:: showed that the fingerprints of 19 batches of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma have four common peaks with similarities ranging from 0.754 to 1.000. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis classified 19 batches of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma into three categories, which was consistent with the similarity evaluation results. The relative deviation between the content of tubeicosides B and C in 19 batches of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma determined by QAMS and ESM is less than 5.0%, indicating that there was no significant difference between the two methods. Therefore, the UPLC fingerprints combined with QAMS and similarity evaluation can be effectively used to evaluate the quality of Bolbostemmatis Rhizoma.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality Control ; Rhizome

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for the identification of Chebulae Fructus and Chebulae Fructus Immaturus . METHODS：UPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Waters Cortecs T 3 C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and the detection wavelength was set at 270 nm. The sample size was 1 μL. Using gallic acid as reference，UPLC fingerprints of 17 batches of Chebulae Fructus and 14 batches of Chebulae Fructus Immaturus were established and their similarity was evaluated by TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System （2012 edition）. By comparing substance control ， UV absorption spectrum and related literaturs ，common peaks were identified. PCA and PLS-DA were performed by using SPSS 20.0 and SIMCA 14.1 software. The contents of main difference components in Chebulae Fructus and Chebulae Fructus Immaturus were determined by above UPLC method and compared. RESULTS ：There were 8 common peaks in UPLC fingerprint of Chebulae Fructus and Chebulae Fructus Immaturus ，i.e. chebulic acid （peak 1），gallic acid （peak 2），punicalagin A （peak 3），punicalagin B （peak 4），corilagin（peak 6），chebulagic acid （peak 7）and chebulinic acid （peak 8）. The similarities of 17 batches of Chebulae Fructus were from 0.92 to 0.99，while 14 batches of Chebulae Fructus Immaturus were all above 0.99. The similarity of control fingerprint between Chebulae Fructus and Chebulae Fructus Immaturus was 0.909. PCA demonstrated the differences between Chebulae Fructus and Chebulae Fructus Immaturus . The results of PLS-DA were consistent with those of PCA ，and the variable importance in projection （VIP）values of peak 5，4，7，3 and 2 were above 1 in the PLS-DA model. In 31 batches of samples ，the contents of gallic acid （peak 2），punicalagin A（peak 3），punicalagin B （peak 4）and chebulagic acid （peak 7）were 2.63-10.31， 5.37-44.63，8.02-60.77，44.07-162.98 mg/g；RSDs were 40.14％， 47.91％ ，53.97％ ，36.22％（n＝31）. There was statistical significance in the differences of the mentioned 4 components between Chebulae Fructus and Chebulae Fructus Immaturus 719412818@qq.com （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：There are significant differences between Chebulae Fructus and Chebulae Fructus Immaturus gallic acid ，punicalagin A ，punicalagin B and chebulagic acid are the main difference components for identification.

Objective: This study aims to estimate the economic burden of disease of outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Pearl River Delta Region, and provide scientific evidence for the government’s decision-making and control measures. Methods: Using a unified questionnaire, a survey was conducted to the schools and students’ families which had suffered an outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Pearl River Delta Region from October 2017 to April 2018. Results: The survey found that the mean total economic burden of sick students was 720.41(95%UI=640.45-804.63)RMB. The mean economic burden of sick students who were inpatient, outpatient and self-treatment were 1 712.75(95%UI=328.50-34 00.00), 213.70(95%UI=191.83-236.33) and 58.97(95%UI=43.00-77.69)RMB, respectively. The mean economic burden of transport, extra tutoring and cost of lost labor were 53.63(95%UI=43.98-63.58), 558.49(95%UI=381.40-774.01) and 695.62(95UI=630.25-767.29)RMB. The mean total economic burden of health students was 382.62(95%UI=343.29-424.45)RMB. The mean total economic burden of school was 49 264.53(95%UI=22 363.38-79 976.25)RMB. The total economic burden of disease increases as the level of outbreak increases. The larger the epidemic level, the proportion of sick students’ financial burden gradually decreased, 56.58%,23.27% and 10.93%. Conclusion The high economic burden of disease of norovirus gastroenteritis in the Pearl River Delta Region, respectively, indicating that relevant departments should strengthen the prevention, control and education in order to mitigate the disease economic burden.

OBJECTIVEStudy on the antibacterial activity of Viola yedoensis and the antibacterial active compounds.

METHODThe chemical compositions were isolated by means of solvent extraction, column chromatography on silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and crystallization. The antibacterial activities were tested by Neo-Sensitab disk-diffusion method, nephelometric analysis and plating method.

RESULTOne new compound (4) along with three known compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time and were identified as aesculetin (1), 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (2), scopoletin (3) and 5-methoxy-7-hydroxymethylcoumarin (4), respectively. All the compounds showed antibacterial and antibactericidal activities at varying degree on Streptococcus Aureas, S. agalactiae, S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae, E. coli and Salmonella, of which 1 was most active with 0.031- 0.313 g x L(-1) of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and 0.313 - 0.625 g x L(-1) of minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC).

CONCLUSIONViola yedoensis has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity on animal pathogenic bacteria, and coumarins may be the main antibacterial activity ingredients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Viola ; chemistry

OBJECTIVE：To e stablish UPLC characteristics fingerprints of Lysimachia christinae ，and to simultaneously determine 3 effective components and to comprehensively evaluate the quality of L. christinae from different production areas. METHODS：UPLC method was adopted to establish characteristics fingerprint of the whole plant ，stem and leaves of 10 batches of L. christinae ，and determine the contents of kaemperfol- 3-O-rutinoside，quercetin，kaemperfol. The determination was performed on Waters CORTECS UPLC T 3 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2％ phosphoric acid aqueous solution （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 364 nm，and column temperature was 30 ℃. The sample size was 1 µL. Similarity Evaluation System for TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition）was adopted to evaluate its similarity ， and common peaks were confirmed. Using the contents of kaemperfol- 3-O-rutinoside， quercetin， kaemperfol，total ash ，acid-insoluble ash and sulfur dioxide residue ，the ethanol-soluble extract as index ，entropy weight TOPSIS was used to evaluate the overall quality of L. christinae comprehensively. RESULTS ：There were 7 common peaks in the whole plant，stem and leaves of 10 batches of L. christinae ，among which 3 peaks were identified as kaemperfol- 3-O-rutinoside， quercetin and kaemperfol. The similarity of same part in the whole plant of L. christinae from different batches were not lower than 0.830. The similarity between stem and leaves of L. christinae in same batch was 0.504-0.859； the similarity between whole plant and stem was 0.593-0.904；the similarity between whole plant and leaves was 0.885-0.995. The linear ranges were 0.392 0-39.197 0 μg/mL for kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside， 0.397 0- 39.703 4 μg/mL for quercetin，0.380 9-38.093 0 μg/mL for kaempferol（r＞0.999 0）. RSDs of precision ，stability and repeatability tests were all lower than 2％. The recoveries were 96.43％（RSD＝0.63％，n＝9），100.32％（RSD＝0.46％，n＝9）， 101.80％（RSD＝0.32％，n＝9），respectively. The content range of above components in L. christinae were 0.006 3％-0.041 1％， 0.002 9％-0.008 6％，0.004 4％-0.017 5％（stem）；0.024 8％-0.290 5％，0.000 9％-0.009 0％，0.001 3％-0.012 4％（leaves）； 0.007 9％-0.118 0％，0.001 5％-0.008 8％，0.002 8％-0.012 5％（whole plant ）. There was no significant difference in the contents of 3 components in L. christinae among different producing areas （P＞0.05）. The order of the contents of kaempferol- 3-O- rutinoside in different parts of L. christinae was leaves ＞whole plant ＞stem. The contents of quercetin and kaempferol were high relatively in the stem. Results of entropy weight TOPSIS method showed that mean values of Ci for L. christinae from Zhongjiang county and Shuangliu county of Sichuan province ，Shizhu county of Chongqing city were 0.446，0.512，0.287. CONCLUSIONS ： Established fingerprint and content determination method are stable and feasible ，and multi-index evaluation model constructed by characteristic chromatogram combined with entropy weight TOPSIS analysis method can be used for comprehensive quality evaluation of L. christinae . The quality of L. christinae from Sichuan province is better.