Herpes simplex virus type Ⅰ(HSV-1) is a common pathogen, and human is the only natural host of it.Following a period of lytic replication in epithelial cells, HSV-1 enters axon terminals of sensory neurons and then travels via retrograde transport to the sensory ganglia where latency can be established.Upon the stimulation of some stressors, the latent virus can reactivate, leading to recurrent diseases.Therefore, to clarify the mechanism of HSV-1 latent infection and stress-induced reactivation will offer new insights into the prevention, treatment and control of HSV-1 infection.In this review, we describes the mechanisms underlying HSV-1 latent infection and stress-induced reactivation.

Objective To extract alkaloids from Corydalis decumbens (AsCD) by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SFE) and to evaluate protective effects of AsCD against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in rat PC12 cells.Methods AsCD were extracted by SFE and oxidative damage PC12 cells model was induced by H2O2.The survival rate of the cells was determined by MTT assay; Lactate dehydrogenase release was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry; Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis; Caspase-3 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting assay,respectively.Results AsCD remarkably reduced the cytotoxicity,prevented membrane damage,and inhibited cell apoptosis.AsCD inhibited Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression induced by H2O2 in PC12 cells.Conclusion AsCD possess protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells,and the mechanism of AsCD responsible to the inhibition of apoptosis is possibly attributed to thedown-regulating Caspase-3 expression.AsCD might be useful in the treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.

We reviewed the metabolic studies on flavonoids of Radix Scutellariae, and found that intestinal flora has played a very important role in the metabolism on Radix Scutellariae. This provided the theoretical basis for studying the bioavailability and metabolic characteristics of Radix Scutellariae.

OBJECTIVE：To establish UPLC fingerpri nt of Ligusticum sinense ，Ligusticum jeholense and Conioselinum vaginatium，and to conduct their chemometrics analysis so as to provide reference for the identification of Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins. METHODS ：UPLC method combined with Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprints （2012 edition） were used to establish the fingerprints of Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins. Chromatographic peak identification and similarity evaluation were carried out. Cluster analysis （CA），principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）were performed to analyze Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins，and screen differential components. RESULTS ：Totally 13，11，11 characteristic peaks were identified in UPLC fingerprints of L. sinense ，L. jeholense and C. vaginatium ，respectively. Similarity evaluation showed that the similarity between C. vaginatium and L. jeholense were 0.312-0.541；that between C. vaginatium and L. sinense were 0.324-0.682；that between L. sinense and L. jeholense were 0.312-0.671，indicating there was great difference among Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins. CA，PCA and OPLS-DA showed that Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins were clustered into each category respectively ； chemical components represented by peak 10，peak 13，peak 12，peak 7 and peak 6 were differential components for Rhizoma Ligustici from 3 origins. CONCLUSIONS ：The study establishes UPLC fingerprint of Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins ， and screens 5 differential components ，which can be used to identify Rhizoma Ligustici from different origins.

OBJECTIVE：To establish the UPLC fingerprint of Polygonum cuspidatum ，and to determine the contents of four active ingredients and to provide reference for the quality evaluation of P. cuspidatum . METHODS ：The determination was performed on Waters BEH C 18 column（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.7 μm）with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2％ formic acid （gradient elution ）at flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was 40 ℃，and detection wavelength was 290 nm. The sample size was 1 μL. The fingerprints were evaluated by similarity calculation，cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）. Using polydatin as internal standard ，relative calibration factors of resveratrol ，emodin-8-O- β-D-glucoside and emodin were determined to develop a method of QAMS. The contents of 4 above components in 15 batches of P. cuspidatum were calculated by relative calibration factors. The results of QAMS were compared with those of external standard. RESULTS：UPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of P. cuspidatum were established ，and 12 common peaks were confirmed. Five components were identified ，i.e. polydatin ，resveratrol，emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside，emodin，emodin methyl ether. The fingerprint similarity of 15 batches of P. cuspidatum was in the range of 0.865-0.976. According to cluster analysis ，15 batches of P. cuspidatum were classified into 4 categories，showing certain regularity of origin. Seven markers were identified by OPLS-DA method. The order of difference significance was peak 7＞emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside＞resveratrol＞peak 8＞polydatin＞peak 1＞ peak 10. The relative deviation among the contents of resveratrol ，emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside and emodin in 15 batches of P. cuspidatum determined by QAMS and external standard method was less than 5.0％，indicating that there was no significant difference between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS ：UPLC fingerprint combined with QAMS method is convenient and reliable for the quality evaluation of P. cuspidatum ；the quality of P. cuspidatum produced in Chongqing and Anhui province is better.

Objective:To explore the effect of prominent mandibular angle osteotomy on the quality of life, mental health and social function, as well as the factors related to the postoperative satisfaction.Methods:A total of 235 patients with prominent mandibular angle were collected from the Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2016 to December 2019. All patients underwent intraoral mandibular angle osteotomy. The Chinese version of FACE-Q questionnaire was used to evaluate their facial appearance, quality of life, mental health and social function before and 6 months after operation. The higher the score (0-100), the higher the satisfaction. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between preoperative and postoperative result, and stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting postoperative satisfaction. Results:A total of 83 people completed the questionnaires, including 12 males and 71 females. Educational level was recorded as: 1 person graduated from junior high school, 11 people from senior high school, 54 people obtained a bachelor’s degree, 17 people obtained a master’s degree or above, with an average age of 25.8 years old. One patient was not satisfied, and the other patients were satisfied. The scores of different dimensions after operation were significantly higher than those before operation. The satisfaction with lower face and mandible increased by 32.54 ±13.77, and the satisfaction with chin increased by 8.17 ±10.97. The overall facial appearance satisfaction, mental health and social function (self-confidence) increased by 31.42 ±15.67, 18.17 ±16.39 and 14.11 ±13.34 respectively. There were significant differences in FACE-Q scores in different dimensions among patients with different educational levels. It was found by Pearson’s relevant research that there was a positive correlation between the influence of psychological function and social function on patients’ satisfaction ( r: 0.482-0.806, P<0.001). By stepwise regression analysis, it was found that the postoperative mandibular contour and the beauty of the lower face had a significant positive effect on the outcome satisfaction ( B>0, P<0.05, R2=0.584). Conclusions:The facial appearance, quality of life, mental health and social function (self-confidence) of the patients after mandibular angle operation were improved. Patients’ satisfaction after operation is affected by many factors, among which the most important and most likely factor is the post-operative mandibular contour and the appearance of the lower face. Meanwhile, it is also closely related to educational level, psychological function and social function.

[Objective]To evaluate the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of medication use and safety among the patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)in a 3A-grade hospital of Guangzhou city,and to provide scientific basis for AIDS prevention and treatment.[Methods]A questionnaire survey was conducted among AIDS patients aged 18 years and above in our hospital to investigate their KAP regarding medication use and safety.[Results]A total of 549 questionnaires were collected,of which 503 were valid,with an effective recovery rate of 91.6%.The average scores of KAP were(14.58±8.49),(25.21±6.92)and(47.58±3.33),respectively,with the scoring rates of 36.46%,63.02%,and 95.16%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)in knowledge scores among people with different ages,education levels and occupations.Multiple linear regression showed that education level and medical insurance status had most significant impact on knowledge scores(P<0.05).Significant differences were found in attitude scores among people with different education levels(P<0.05),as well as in practice scores among people with different occupations(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression revealed that age,occupation,knowledge score and attitude score had a significant impact on practice scores(P<0.05).Patients expected to receive pharmaceutical care services from the pharmacists via face-to-face communication,network platform and telephone consultation on medication knowledge such as adverse drug reactions and response measures,drug-drug interactions,missed medication and response measures,medication adherence measures,etc.[Conclusions]AIDS patients in this hospital have a good awareness of medication safety,but their knowledge of medication use needs improvement.Some bad habits may affect their compliance,resulting in safety hazards.Therefore,there is an urgent demand for pharmaceutical care services related to rational drug use.

Objective:To explore the effect of prominent mandibular angle osteotomy on the quality of life, mental health and social function, as well as the factors related to the postoperative satisfaction.Methods:A total of 235 patients with prominent mandibular angle were collected from the Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2016 to December 2019. All patients underwent intraoral mandibular angle osteotomy. The Chinese version of FACE-Q questionnaire was used to evaluate their facial appearance, quality of life, mental health and social function before and 6 months after operation. The higher the score (0-100), the higher the satisfaction. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between preoperative and postoperative result, and stepwise regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting postoperative satisfaction. Results:A total of 83 people completed the questionnaires, including 12 males and 71 females. Educational level was recorded as: 1 person graduated from junior high school, 11 people from senior high school, 54 people obtained a bachelor’s degree, 17 people obtained a master’s degree or above, with an average age of 25.8 years old. One patient was not satisfied, and the other patients were satisfied. The scores of different dimensions after operation were significantly higher than those before operation. The satisfaction with lower face and mandible increased by 32.54 ±13.77, and the satisfaction with chin increased by 8.17 ±10.97. The overall facial appearance satisfaction, mental health and social function (self-confidence) increased by 31.42 ±15.67, 18.17 ±16.39 and 14.11 ±13.34 respectively. There were significant differences in FACE-Q scores in different dimensions among patients with different educational levels. It was found by Pearson’s relevant research that there was a positive correlation between the influence of psychological function and social function on patients’ satisfaction ( r: 0.482-0.806, P<0.001). By stepwise regression analysis, it was found that the postoperative mandibular contour and the beauty of the lower face had a significant positive effect on the outcome satisfaction ( B>0, P<0.05, R2=0.584). Conclusions:The facial appearance, quality of life, mental health and social function (self-confidence) of the patients after mandibular angle operation were improved. Patients’ satisfaction after operation is affected by many factors, among which the most important and most likely factor is the post-operative mandibular contour and the appearance of the lower face. Meanwhile, it is also closely related to educational level, psychological function and social function.

OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between processing time, chroma value and UPLC fingerprint map of Dipsaci Radix. METHODS Established the UPLC fingerprint of Dipsaci Radix. Monitored the changes of chemical components in the processing process of wine and salt processed Dipsaci Radix, spectrophotometer was used to objectively quantify the chroma value of different processed products. SPSS 20.0 and SIMCA 14.0 statistical software was used to analyze the correlation between processing time and chroma value and fingerprint. RESULTS In the process of processing, the decoction pieces color of the powder deepened and L*, b* and E* values decreased. The correlation analysis showed that the processing time was significantly correlated with the chroma value and fingerprint of decoction pieces. CONCLUSION The method of UPLC fingerprint is stabled and reliabled, combines with the objective discriminant analysis of the chroma value of the Dipsaci Radix processed products, which lay the foundation for standardizing the processing technology of wine and salt processed products and evaluating the quality of Dipsaci Radix.

Building on a clear understanding of the diagnosis and treatment patterns for cold-damp epidemics， and incorporating the insights of Academician TONG Xiaolin regarding the differentiation and treatment of such epidemics， this article have distilled the key diagnostic principles. These principles primarily entail observing color and pulse， initially distinguishing between yin and yang， with treatment focusing on dispelling cold and dampness. A comprehensive approach is adopted throughout treatment， with a combination of overall strategies and tailored treatments that evolve in line with the patient's condition. In critical and severe cases， particular attention is given to aspects such as sweating， pulse analysis， and consciousness， preventing the pathogen from penetrating deeply. Efforts are made to open and close organ networks， expelling external pathogens without fixating on resolving constipation. The dosage and efficacy of herbal remedies are adjusted based on individual circumstances and clinical symptoms. The objective is to eliminate pathogens comprehensively， while being vigilant against relapses， ultimately achieving a full recovery. This overview of the thought processes and clinical principles for diagnosing and treating cold-damp epidemics will guide precise clinical practices and provide a theoretical foundation for the involvement of traditional Chinese medicine in epidemic prevention and treatment.