Hypertension is a highly prevalent cardiovascular risk factor worldwide.Although the treatment of hypertension has been shown to prevent cardiovascular diseases and to extend and enhance life,hypertension remains inadequately managed,especially in developing country,such as China.Hypertension is one of the major causes of current global disease burden and is as prevalent in China as in the developed world.Blood pressure-induced cardiovascular risk rises continuously across the whole blood pressure range.During the past decades,much evidence has become available to support a systolic blood pressure threshold of 140 mmHg for even 'low-risk' patients,and,in high-risk patients there is evidence for lower thresholds.Lifestyle modification is recommended for all individuals and should be taken as the cornerstone of anti-hypertensive schedule.Monotherapy is inadequate for the majority of patients and more than two-thirds patients should receive combined anti-hypertension treatment,with fixed-dose combination being an ideal choice.The situation of blood pressure controlling could be improved if the government is involved in the anti-hypertension program.

A series of research achievements have been made in the cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment in 2009.Important trials in the fields of ischemic heart disease,hypertension,heart failure,lipid abnormality,and cardiac arrhythmia have been conducted,which casts new lights on management of cardiovascular diseases.Moreover,some guidelines have been updated and published by authorities based on the new research findings,providing new evidence for management of related diseases.

AIM: In order to observe the curative effect of Fugan Tablet on chronic hepatitis B and hepatic fibrosis,we held clinical observation of 120 cases of chronic hepatitis B and hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: 120 cases of chronic hepatitis B and hepatic fibrosis were divided into curative group with Fugan Tablet and control group with Hepatic Ling Injection,and the change of symptom,hepatic function,iconography index,hepatic fibrosis in serum and the hepatic histology were observed before and after the treatment,then the curative result of the two groups was compared. RESULTS: The total effective percentage of curative group was 88.33%,and the total effective percentage of control group was 68.33%.Comparing the two groups,the difference was obvious(P

Objective: To observe therapeutic effect of Naomaitong Capsules on cerebral thrombosis and to study the mechanism. Methods: 160 cases of thrombosis were randomly divided into a treatment group(n=86) and a control group(n=74), and they were treated by Naomaitong Capsules and LuoXinTong, respectively. After treatment for 3 months therapeutic effects were investigated. Results: The cured and markedly effective rate was 81.39% and the total effective rate was 95.35% in the treatment group with significant differences as compared with those in the control group (P

Office blood pressure has been regarded as a gold standard of blood pressure measurements.It is an important indicator of ensurement of correct diagnosis,management of condition and evaluation of prognosis.But limitations of office blood pressure have led to the increasing use of out-of-office blood pressure.Many evidence show that out-of-office blood pressure could more accurately reflex variability of blood pressure and rhythm of blood pressure.Out-of-office blood pressure could diagnose white-coat hypertensives or masked hypertensives without delay,properly determine the need for antihypertensive treatment and decrease risk of developing blood pressure-related complications.

OBJECTIVETo explore the curative effect of surgery and selerotherapy for massive venous malformations of the tongue.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to December 2014, subtotal resection or debulking for 15 cases of massive venous malformation in the tongue was undertaken with multiple sessions of pre- and post-operative injection therapy of pingyangmycin, lauromacrogol and absolute ethanol.

RESULTSAll signs associated with the lesions including eating, sleep and speech disorders disappeared after treatment. Complete or near complete resolution was achieved in 9 cases, and a significant reduction in size in a further 6 cases after surgical excision and peri-operative sclerotherapy.

CONCLUSIONSFor massive venous malformations of the tongue, surgical excision combined with multiple sessions of sclerotherapy is a good treatment option.

Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; methods ; Ethanol ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Sclerosing Solutions ; therapeutic use ; Sclerotherapy ; Tongue ; blood supply ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Malformations ; therapy ; Veins ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes in subgingival microflora before and after Er:YAG laser treatment on diabetic patients with periodontitis, and to compare with the subgingival microflora of chronic periodontitis.

METHODSSubgingival plaque of 13 pairs of teeth (26 sites) was selected from type 2 diabetic patients at pretreatment, one month post-treatment, and three months post-treatment. Subgingival plaque was also obtained from 11 cases of moderate to severe chronic periodontitis with similar severity of periodontitis. The DNA of the subgingival plaque samples was extracted. Whole bacterial 16S rDNA gene fragments separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Specific DNA bands were then chosen for retrieval and sequencing.

RESULTSThe gene sequencing results of the special DNA bands of subgingival plaque samples show that the pathogenic bacteria of both diabetic periodontitis and simple chronic periodontitis were Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia, respectively. The composition of the subgingival microflora before and after laser treatment changed. Some DNA bands, including that of Tannerella forsythia, disappeared or weakened one month after treatment. A new strip appeared, which belonged to Actinomyces sp.

CONCLUSIONThe profiles of the subgingival microflora changed after treatment, and one month was indicated as an important stage. Er:YAG laser may have an important function in delaying microflora recolonization.

Adult ; Bacteria ; Chronic Periodontitis ; Dental Plaque ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State ; Periodontitis

Objective To investigate the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in neonates on the first and third day after birth.Methods A total of 50 healthy singleton neonates who were born between June 15,2016 and August 3,2016 in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital were enrolled.Their stool samples were collected on the first and third day after birth and the samples were labeled according to the time of collection (D1 and D3 groups,n=50 each).Illumina NexSeq high-throughput sequencing platform was used to sequence the variable region 4 and 5 of all bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the samples.The composition of intestinal microbial communities was determined and the differences between the two groups were compared by Metastats analysis.Results (1) A total of 100 stool samples were sequenced and the retrieved sequences were from 25 bacterial phyla,119 families,227 genera and 159 species.(2) Major phyla in the two groups were the same,namely,Proteobacteria,Frimicutes,Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria.The relative abundances of Frimicutes (0.27 ± 0.03 vs 0.41 ± 0.05) and Bacteroidetes (0.07 ± 0.01 vs 0.09 ± 0.03) increased over time,while that of Actinobacteria (0.10±0.01 vs 0.01 ±0.00) decreased on day 3.No significant difference in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (0.51 ±0.03 vs 0.49± 0.05) was observed between D1 and D3 groups.There were significant difference in relative abundances of Frimicutes and Actinobacteria between the two groups (both q=-0.01,both P＜0.05).(3) Among the top ten most abundant families,Enterobacteriaceae,Staphylococcaceae,Enterococcaceae,Streptococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were detected in both of the two groups.The relative abundances of Enterobacteriaceae (0.25 ± 0.02 vs 0.46 ± 0.06),Staphylococcaceae (0.07 ± 0.02 vs 0.12 ± 0.03),Enterococcaceae (0.04±0.02 vs 0.10±0.04),Streptococcaceae (0.03 ±0.02 vs 0.06±0.01) increased over time,while that of Lachnospiraceae (0.03 ± 0.01 vs 0.02 ± 0.02) decreased on day 3.Only the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae had statistical difference between the two groups (q=0.00,P＜0.05).(4) Among the top ten most abundant genera,Staphylococcus,Enterococcus,Streptococcus,Bacteroides and Pseudomonas were detected in both groups.The relative abundances of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria which belonged to genera of Stenotrophomonas,Propionibacterium,Acinetobacter,Bacillus,Sphingomonas and so on decreased on day 3 as compared with those on day 1 (0.00±0.00 vs 0.07±0.02,0.00±0.00 vs 0.06±0.01,0.00±0.00 vs 0.03±0.01,0.00±0.00 vs 0.02±0.01,0.00±0.00 vs 0.02±0.00,all q=0.00,all P＜0.05).However,the relative abundances of anaerobic bacteria which belonged to Bacteroides,Veillonella,Parabacteroides and so on increased on day 3 (0.01 ±0.00 vs 0.08±0.03,0.00±0.00 vs 0.03±0.02,0.00±0.00 vs 0.01 ±0.00,q=0.01,0.01 and 0.00,all P＜0.05).(5) The most abundant species in intestinal microbiota was escherichia coli in both groups.Three less abundant species including lactobacillus gasseri,lactobacillus animalis and bifidobacterium bifidum were detected in both groups.(6) Regardless of the mode of delivery,Staphylococcus,was the highest predominant genera in meconium samples,followed by stenotrophomonas.Stool samples collected on the third day after birth were divided into four groups based on deliver modes and feeding patterns.Neonates who were born abdominally with exclusive breastfed thereafter were different from those of the other three groups in predominant intestinal bacteria,but the difference was not statistically significant.Bifidobacterium and Subdoligranulum were only detected in the vaginally born neonates.Conclusions Meconium is not sterile.Although the intestinal microbiota on the first day of life is different from that on the third day of life,the dominant bacteria are common.During the first three days of life,the relative abundances of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria decreased significantly over time,while the relative abundance of anaerobic bacteria increased.

Objective:To investigate differences in the value of three chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration(CKD-EPI)estimation formulas in the evaluation of renal function damage in elderly patients with hypertension.Methods:A total of 58 patients with essential hypertension over 65 years of age were enrolled from November 2018 to March 2019 in this retrospective analysis.Patients with abnormal results in one or more items out of serum creatinine(Scr), blood urea nitrogen and urine protein were included in the hypertensive renal damage group(the positive group, n=25)and patients without abnormal results were included in the simple hypertensive group(the negative group, n=33). We measured Scr and cystatin c(Cys C)levels in fasting blood for each group.The estimated glomerular filtration rates(eGFR Scr, eGFR Cys C and eGFR Scr-Cys C)were calculated using the CKD-EPI formulas. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, grade of hypertension, onset time of hypertension, total cholesterol and triglycerides between the two groups( P> 0.05). There were significant differences in Cys C, eGFR Scr, eGFR Cys C and eGFR Scr-Cys C between the two groups( P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Cys C was positively correlated with Scr( r=0.427, P<0.01), serum urate( r=0.266, P<0.05)and blood urea nitrogen( r=0.357, P<0.01)and was negatively correlated with eGFR Scr( r=-0.369, P<0.01), eGFR Cys C( r=-0.982, P<0.01)and eGFR Scr-Cys C( r=-0.845, P<0.01). Of the three formulas, eGFRScr-Cys C had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)and its value was 0.707(0.565, 0.849). Conclusions:For the three estimation formulas, CKD-EPI Scr-Cys C has slightly better diagnostic efficiency than the others and may help improve the diagnosis of renal damage in elderly patients with hypertension.