Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of orlistat in Chinese overweight and obese patients. Methods In six research centers, 444 overweight and obese patients (body mass index 25～40 kg/m 2) were divided into orlistat group (296 patients) and placebo group (148 patients) with a low-energy diet for 24 weeks by a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Results For intent-to-treat analysis, 286 orlistat-treated and 142 placebo-treated subjects were evaluated. After 24 weeks, orlistat-treated patients lost more weight 〔(6.1?3.6)kg,( x ?s)〕 than placebo-treated patients did (3.0?3.5)kg (P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of whole body hyperthermia(WBH) in the treatment of advanced hepatic carcinoma and its effect on liver function.Methods From 2001 to 2004,39 cases of advanced hepatic carcinoma were treated with WBH.The effect of WBH on liver function was assessed by liver function test before and after treatment.Results ①The effective rate of WBH was 61.5%(24/39) in the treatment of advanced hepatic carcinoma with declined AFP in 60.0%(9/15) of patient and 100% of patients had pain relieve.The survival rates of 6 months,1 year and 2 years were 76.9%(30/39),59.0%(23/39) and 12.8%(5/39),respectively.②Alanine aminotransferase(ALT) elevated obviously in 1-3 d after treatment(P

Objective To observe the changes of inflammatory factors in acute lung injury (ALI) in mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to explore the influence of different doses of LPS on ALI onset and progress at different time points. Methods Intratracheally, LPS at the dosages of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg were administered to a total of 210 C57BL/6 mice, and according to the difference in dosage, they were divided into four groups. The ALI model was replicated by intratracheally dropping of LPS. And a normal control group and a normal saline control group were established (each, n=10). The changes of index of pathological lung tissue and lung tissue wet/dry (W/D) ratio were observed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours after injury, and simultaneously, the levels of norepinephrine (NE), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and protein in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. Results ①The degree of lung injury induced by LPS was dose-and time-dependent.②With the increase of LPS dosage and prolongation of time, in LPS group, the lung W/D ratio and the index of pathological lung tissue were increased;additionally, the levels of NE, TNF-α, IL-6 and protein in serum or BALF were also significantly increased. The critical occurrence point of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with specific characteristics was at 5.0 mg/kg of LPS acting for 4 hours [lung W/D ratio: 4.97±0.41, index of pathological changes of lung tissue (score): 5.60±1.52; serum NE (ng/L): 379.99±27.65, TNF-α (ng/L): 159.15±20.62, IL-6 (ng/L): 177.15±29.13;BALF NE (mg/kg):105.85±13.66, TNF-α(mg/kg):227.22±48.01, IL-6 (mg/kg):251.55±54.08, total protein (g/L):1.59±0.37]. The injury induced by LPS acting for 8 hours in the dosage group 10.0 mg/kg was the most significant in comparisons with other groups of dosages at the same time points [lung W/D ratio:5.10±0.18 vs. 5.01±0.43, 5.01±0.19, 4.91±0.30; index of pathological changes of lung tissue (score): 9.20±1.48 vs. 8.00±1.00, 6.00±1.22, 4.40±0.89;serum NE (ng/L): 447.43±34.63 vs. 419.23±30.62, 391.16±54.91, 372.59±51.52; TNF-α(ng/L): 205.99±31.31 vs. 181.01±25.11, 161.01±13.98, 138.83±28.95; IL-6 (ng/L): 233.76±34.84 vs. 206.21±26.68, 186.58±26.54, 156.99±28.83;BALF NE (mg/kg):190.82±41.75 vs. 153.30±35.42, 122.64±25.15, 80.23±13.69;TNF-α(mg/kg):305.24±72.99 vs. 292.77±38.07, 249.60±35.20, 193.63±10.83; IL-6 (mg/kg): 354.81±67.79 vs. 303.02±54.24, 272.43±32.34, 197.64±12.35;total protein (g/L):2.31±0.30 vs. 2.02±0.26, 1.62±0.19, 1.10±0.24, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. Conclusions The severity of ALI induced by LPS in mice was positively correlated to LPS dosage and duration of its action. After administration of LPS 5 mg/kg for 4 hours, remarkable characteristic manifestations of ARDS occur in mice, reaching the critical point.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis is an uncommon disease, involvement of the thyroid by langerhans cell histiocytosis is rare. Two cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid confirmed by pathology were reported in this paper. The main clinical feature was enlargement of the thyroids. One patient had hypothyroidism. Meanwhile, the lungs and pituitaries of the two patients were affected. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid had no typical symptoms and specific laboratory examination, and might be clinically diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, benign or malignant thyroid tumors. Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology might be useful in confirming the diagnosis. The effective treatments include systemic chemotherapy, local radiation therapy and surgical excision. The chemotherapy is still the major technological approach. Most patients can relieve partially after receiving the systemic chemotherapy.

Objective To establish a method of primary culture of human preadipocyte in a serum-free medium. Methods Collangenase digestion was used to dispart preadipocyte.The cells were identified by microscopy stained by oil red O and determination of the activity of Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydronase(G-3-PDH). Results The primary cultured human preadipocyte proliferated in the aserum-free medium successfully.In the differential serum-free medium the cells turned to be round on the 4 th day.The adipose drops began to cumulate in the cells,and to the most quantity until the 21 st day.Conclusion The human preadipocyte can be primarily cultured and induced to differentiate in serum-free medium,which is the base for researching the effects of hormones and factors to the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocyte.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the perioperative use of antibiotics in patients undergoing colorectal operations. METHODS:The medical records of 213 patients undergoing colorectal operations in 2006 were randomly selected from the gastrointestinal surgery department of our hospital and divided into type Ⅰ operation group and type Ⅱ operation group accord-ing to patients’ operation time and wound contamination.The kinds and medication duration of antibiotics used before,during and after operation were investigated,and the postoperative infections were analyzed.RESULTS:The preoperative preventive medication were all conducted within the first 1～3days,and the dosage schemes were unified with aminoglycosides and metronidazole topping the list.The antibiotics used during operation were all in single dose,with 3rd generation cephalosporins combined metronidazole predominantly used.Postoperative use of antibiotics was somewhat complicated:type Ⅰ operation patients were treated more often by 2 kinds of antibiotics concurrently for 3～7days and type Ⅱ operation patients were treated more often by 3 kinds of antibiotics concurrently for at least 6～7days.The incidence of postoperative infection was 3.4% in type Ⅰ operation patients as compared to 11.6% in type Ⅱ operation patients,showing significant differences between two groups.CONCLUSION:The perioperative application of antibiotics in patients undergoing colorectal operation was reasonable on the whole,with 3rd generation cephalosporins plus metronidazole predominantly used,but there were some problems in the postoperative medication.

Background:Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)is known to play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis by mediating the degradation of extracellular matrix. It has been revealed that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ( NGAL)is capable of protecting MMP-9 from degradation and thereby preserving its enzymatic activity. Aims:To explore the MMP-9 and NGAL levels in peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients and their clinical significance. Methods:Serum levels of MMP-9 and NGAL were determined by ELISA in 76 gastric cancer patients and 50 healthy controls. Correlations of serum MMP-9 and NGAL levels with clinicopathological features of gastric cancer were analyzed,and their diagnostic performance for screening gastric cancer was evaluated by ROC curve. Results:Serum levels of MMP-9 and NGAL in patients with gastric cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy controls(P<0. 01),and either of them was positively correlated with the TNM stage of gastric cancer. Furthermore,MMP-9 was correlated with lymph node metastasis and serosal invasion,while NGAL was correlated with distant metastasis. However,tumor differentiation was not correlated with either MMP-9 or NGAL. By ROC curve,608. 19 ng/mL and 14. 71 ng/mL were identified as the cutoff value of serum MMP-9 and NGAL,respectively,for screening gastric cancer. Sensitivity and specificity of MMP-9 were 64. 5% and 90. 0%,and those of NGAL were 85. 5% and 90. 0%,respectively. When parallel test was taken,the sensitivity would be increased to 94. 7% and specificity being 82. 0%. Conclusions:Serum levels of MMP-9 and NGAL are elevated and associated with tumor progression in patients with gastric cancer. Both of them might be used as potential markers for screening,disease assessment and prognosis prediction of gastric cancer.

ObjectiveTo study the expression and significance of NDRG1(N-myc downstream regulated gene-1), p53 and VEGF in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MethodsNDRG1, p53 and VEGF protein were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC, SP method) in 20 cases of normal esophageal squamous epithelium and 78 cases of ESCC.ResultsThe results of IHC shows that in normal esophageal squamous epithelium and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,the positive rate of NDRG1 was 100.0 ％(20/20) and 55.1％ (43/78) respectively, p53 was 0 (0/20) and 65.4 ％ (51/78) respectively, VEGF was 30.0 ％(6/20)and 67.9 ％(53/78)respectively,all had statistical significance.There was inverse correlationof NDRG1 expression and lymphatic invasion(r =-0.237,P = 0.036).However expression of NDRG1 was no statistical significance with patient' s age,gender,grade,TNM stage,patient' s five year survival.The expression of p53 was inverse correlated with NDRG1,and the expression of VEGF was inverse correlated with NDRG1 (r =-0.331, P = 0.003). ConclusionNDRG1 may be a new tumor suppress gene and play an important role in the development and metastasis of ESCC.

Objective To observe the effects of a natural static magnetic field (NSMF) on the proliferation of human hepatocarcinoma cells. Methods Three human hepatocarcinoma cell lines ( BEL-7402,HEP G-2 and QGY-7701 ) were cultured under standard conditions and then exposed to NSMFs of 0.1 Tesla at 600 Hz,0.2 Tesla at 250 Hz,0.2 Tesla at 400 Hz or 0.2 Tesla at 500 Hz for 30 minutes daily for 3 or 6 days.Flow cytometry and the XTT cell proliferation assay were used to check apoptosis and the proliferation of cells all groups. Results Only exposure to 0.2 Tesla magnetism at 400 Hz induced apoptosis of the BEL-7402 cell line.None of the NSMFs induced apoptosis in the other 2 hepatocarcinoma cell lines. Conclusions Different reactions of the three hepatocarcinoma cell lines to the same NSMF implies that each cell line has its own features,and that individualized NSMF treatment protocols should be adopted for better clinical outcomes.

Objective To investigate the expressions of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2 ),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2 )and micro-vessel density (MVD)in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)and the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological features,so as to evaluate the malignancy and prognosis of PTC.Methods The expressions of COX-2,MMP2 and VEGF and MVD count in 32 cases of PTC and 18 cases of normal thyroid tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining.Their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.Results ① The expression of COX-2,MMP2, VEGF and MVD in PTC was as follows:M(Q 3 -Q 1 )=5(1),M(Q 3 -Q 1 )=5.5(2),M(Q 3 -Q 1 )=5.5(1)and M (Q 3 -Q 1 )= 28 (5.75 ),respectively.It differed significantly from that in control group (P < 0.05 ).② The expression of COX-2 in PTC was related to the sex and age of patients,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P <0.05).The expression of VEGF in PTC was related to the sex and age of patients,tumor size,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P <0.05).The expression of MMP2 and MVD count in PTC were related to the age of patients,tumor size,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (P <0.05 ).③ The expression of COX-2,MMP2, VEGF and MVD in PTC with invasion of thyroid capsules was as follows:M(Q 3 -Q 1 =6(2),M(Q 3 -Q 1 )=6.5 (2),M(Q 3 -Q 1 )=6(1.75)and M(Q 3 -Q 1 =30(7.75).The expression of these indexes in negative group was:M (Q 3 -Q 1 )=5(1.75),M(Q 3 -Q 1 )=5(1.75),M(Q 3 -Q 1 )=5 (1.75 )and M (Q 3 -Q 1 )=26.5 (4).There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05 ).④ There was a close positive correlation between the expressions of VEGF,COX-2,MMP2 and MVD in PTC (r >0.5).Conclusion The high expressions of COX-2, VEGF and MMP2 in thyroid tissues may result in the occurrence of PTC and lymph node metastasis,which is related to the regulation of tumor new vessels.Detecting these expressions are of value in evaluating the malignancy and prognosis of PTC.