OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the standardization of drug advertising management in China.METHODS: The disadvantages of the current drug advertising management was analyzed by employing the theory of Public Administration and Administrative Law,and the coping measures were presented in accordance with management theory.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Decentralized authority and poor communication resulted from multiple management in addition to the unsound legal system eventually led to disordered drug advertisements.Sound management process,complete post system and strict administrative enforcement are effective measures to cope with Chinese drug advertisements.

Objective To study the protective effect of normothermic ex vivo perfusion to prevent donor-lung injury.Method After being flushed with perfadex solution through the pulmonary artery and vein,the donor lungs were divided to control group (preserved with 4℃ cold static preservation,n =8) and experimental group (preserved with ex vivo oxygenated blood continuous perfusion,n =8).Pulmonary function indexes,including pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR),lung ventilation resistance(LVR),the left inferior pulmonary vein(LIPV) blood PO2,and lung water content,were evaluated.Lung injury were studied by light microscopic observation and detecting the expression of proimflammatory factor IL-1β was detected.Result (1) Lung function evaluation:in both group,PVR,LVR and lung water content gradually increased,LIPV PO2 gradually declined;But in the same time point PVR and LVR in group were were significantly less than in control group (P＜0.05),LIPV PO2 in experimental group were were significantly more than in control group(P＜0.05).(2)Lung injury evaluation:Lung tissue edema classification in both group were significantly higher than in normal lung(P＜0.05),but classification in experimental group were significantly lower than in control group(P＜0.05).The expression of IL-1β in experimental group (0.422 ± 0.132) were significantly lower than in control group(0.578 ± 0.163,P＜0.05).Conclusion Ex vivo oxygenated blood continuous perfusion without ventilator is a feasible technique for lung preservation.It ameliorates hypothermic time-dependent ischemic injury.But further systems evaluation in complete physiologic condition is necessary.

BACKGROUND:Changes of both stem cell markers and endothelial cell phenotype help understand characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells during adherent differentiation.However,there is still no specific cell marker to distinguish from mature endothelial cells.OBJECTIVE:To study the changes of stem cell markers and endothelial cell phenotype during the differentiation of rat peripheral blood rnononuclear cells into endothelial cells.DESIGN.TIME AND SETTING:Cell observation study was performed in the Laboratory of Cardiac Surgery,Qingdao Municipal Hospital between June 2004 and December 2008. MATERIALS:Peripheral blood was drawn from male SD rats to obtain mononuclear cells by Ficell density gradient centrifugation. METHODS:Mononuclear cells were in vitro cultured in fibronectin culture medium and induced by vascular endothelial growth factors(VEGF)and basic fibroblast growth factors(bFGF)in order to stimulate a differentiation into endothelial cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Adherent cells in the culture system were identified for CD31,CD34,Rk-1 and vWF with immunochemistry within 1-7 days.RESULTS:The expressions of CD31.CD34,FIk-1.vWF on adherent cells were different in different time durations.The expressions of CD31 and CD34 started on the 2nd day of culture.reached the peak on the 4th day,gradually decreased and even disappeared on the 6thday.While.FIk-1 expressed on the 3rd day of culture,gradually increased,and reached at the peak on the 7th day.vWF expressed gradually until 100%on the 7th day. CONCLUSION:The differentiation of peripheral blood stern cells into endothelial progenitor cells is characterized by the appearance of endothelial cell phenotypes and the disappearance of stern cell markers.both in the manner of gradual progression.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of heart valve replacement in the same period of radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of atrial fibrillation.Methods Eighty-six patients with atrial fibrillation underwent heart valve replacement in the same period of bipolar radiofrequency ablation system according to the maze heart valve replacement operation principle.And optimized the operation method.Results No death occurred during operation.The average ablation time was (23 ± 8) minutes with a range of 16-56 minutes.Sinus rhythm of the heart was restored after surgery in all patients (100％).The long-term success rate was 98.8％ (85/86).Conclusion Our optimization of heart valve replacement in the same period of radiofrequency ablation enhanced the success rate of the operation,simplified the procedures,meanwhile it might need widely application clinically.

Objective To investigate the synthesis of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) induced by norepinephrine preconditioning on donor heart and its effects on myocardial cell apoptosis and apoptosis related proteins. Methods 18 Wistar rats were random divided into 2 groups, with 9 in each group. The rats in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml saline. After 24 hours, hearts were isolated and stored with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution at 4 ℃ for 3 hours to establish Langendorff isolated heart models, and then isolated hearts were perfused by Langendorff model with Krebs-Hense leit (K-H) solution for 2 hours. The rats in the experimental group received intraperitoneally 3. 1 μmol/kg (0. 53 mg/kg) noradrenaline bitartrate that was dissolved in saline and hearts were isolated and stored after 24 hours. Followed process was the same as that in the control group. Myocardial HSP70, Bcl-2, Bax content, apoptosis index were measured, cell structures were observed under light and electron microscope.Results HSP70 in the experimental group were higher [(17.78 ± 1.82)%] than those in control group [(5.22 ± 1.05)%], and biochemical indicators in texperimental group[(41.88 ± 5.09)%, (22.61 ±3. 49 ) %] were better than those in control group [(31.36 ± 3. 27 ) %, ( 40. 52 ± 4. 1 7) %]. There were alleviated ultrastructure injures in experimental group compared with those in control group. Conclusions This study demonstrated that norepinephrine preconditioning could induce high expression of HSP70 and it could play a very important role during ischemia-reperfusion. It could protect the structure and function of myocytes in isolated rat hearts and inhibited myocardial apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: How to successfully obtain compact endothelium layers on smooth muscle cells is the most crucial part for the tissue-engineered vessels. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of different cell implantation concentrations on the construction of the complete biological tissue-engineered blood vessels.METHODS: Different concentrations of porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (5×105, 5×107 cells/L) were implanted on the porcine acellular vascular matrix to culture for 3 days. Then different concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells (5×105, 5×107 cells/L) were implanted on the smooth muscle cell-vascular matrix composite to construct lamellar complete biological tissue-engineered blood vessels.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The growth curves of high concentrations of smooth muscle cells on the acellular vascular matrix were similar to that of low concentrations. Moreover, the growth curves of cells implanted in the culture plates were similar to that implanted on the acellular matrix. However, cells in the low concentration groups have relatively low proliferation activity and low coverage rate. The cell coverage rate decreased as follows: high concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells+acellular matrix containing high concentrations of smooth muscle cells > high concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells+acellular matrix containing low concentrations of smooth muscle cells > low concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells+acellular matrix containing high concentrations of smooth muscle cells > low concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells+acellular matrix containing low concentrations of smooth muscle cells. Moreover, high concentrations of endothelial progenitor cells form relatively compact layers on the acellular matrix and show cobble-like growth. These findings indicate that an increase in the cell implantation concentrations is beneficial to the rapid formation of compact cell layers on the material surface.

Objective To study the curative effect of continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration(CVVH)in patients with acute renal failure(ARF)after aortic dissection surgery. Methods Fifteen patients with renal dysfunction following aortic dissection surgery underwent CVVH from Feb. 2002 to Dec. 2009 in this study.The clinical data of these patients were collected,such as heart rate(HR),central vein pressure(CVP),mean artery blood pressure(MAP),PaO2,renal function,perioperative manifestations and outcomes. Results Eleven patients survived but 4 died during the course of treatment. There were significant decreases of BUN,Creatinin after CVVH (P ＜ 0. 05)treatment,and the urine volume returned to nomal after CVVH in 6 -40 days. Conclusions CVVH is an effective,convenient and safe treatment for patients with severely ARF following aortic dissection surgery.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics, etiology and prognosis of orbit apex syndrome. Methods Clinical data of 18 patients with orbit syndrome was summarized and analyzed. Results All patients developed vision loss, ptosis and diplopia, such as a headache or sore eyes forehead performance. However, the onset symptoms varied including vision decline or loss in 8 cases, headache in 7 cases, eye pain in 1 case, toothache in 1 case, stuffy nose and runny nose in 1 case and exophthalmos in 1 cases. The Causes included trauma in 6 cases (33％), mass lesion in 5 cases (28％), nonspecific inflammation in 1 cases (22％), infection in 3 cases (17％). Vision and eye movements disorder were improved in 5 cases of 6 patients with trauma in which 3 mild cases recovered better and one severe case did not recovered. Of 5 patients with mass lesion, the vision and eye movement were improved in one patients with sphenoid sinus mucocele receiving surgical operation. but not in the rest 4 cases with orbital adenoid cystic carcinoma or osteosarcoma patients receiving either surgical operation or radiotherapy. Of 4 patients with nonspecific inflammatory disease, eye movements were improved in 2 mild cases but not in 2 severe cases. Of 3 infectious diseases, eye movements were improved in 1 mild case. Conclusion Orbital apex syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple etiologies, presenting with a variety of initial symptoms. The prognosis depends on causes, timely diagnosis, early diagnosis and early treatment.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical significance of microcalcification under high resolution ultrasonography in predicting thyroid micropapillary carcinoma(PTMC) and cervical lymph node metastasis. METHODS The clinical data of 388 patients with papi l lar y thyroid microcarcinoma were analyzed retrospectively in Beijing Tongren Hospital from Jan 2013 to Jun 2017, which included patients' clinical ultrasonographic features and pathological results in this study. Pearson correlation analysis and data fitting modeling were used to analyze the microcalcification, the maximum diameter of the tumor and the cervical lymph node metastasis in the central region. RESULTS The incidence of microcalcification in PTMC patients was closely related to the maximal diameter of the tumor. The tumor diameter of PTMC was related to the lymph node metastasis rate in the central region of the neck, and it was not found that microcalcification was associated with lymph node metastasis in the central region of the neck. CONCLUSION The weight of microcalcification in the diagnosis of PTMC is related to the maximum diameter of the nodule. Furthermore, patients with thyroid nodules having a tumor diameter of less than 1 cm, with the larger diameter of tumor nodules, the greater the risk of PTMC, the more recommended fine needle biopsy.

Objective:To analyze the pathological types, tissue sources and clinical features of malignant pleural effusion.Methods:Cell masses were collected from 105 cases of malignant pleural effusion diagnosed by immunohistochemical examination after liquid-based cytology between May 2017 and October 2019 in Qidong People's Hospital, China. The pathological, morphological, immunohistochemical and clinical characteristics of the cell masses were analyzed.Results:Immunohistochemistry results showed that pleural effusion malignant cells were from lung adenocarcinoma tissue in 94 (89.52%) cases because they were positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, Napsin A and carcinoembryonic antigen, from small cell lung cancer tissue in one (0.95%) case because they were positive for neural cell adhesion molecule 1 and synaptophysin,from lung squamous cell carcinoma tissue in 2 (1.90%) cases because they were positive for cytokeratin 5/6 and P40, from ovarian adenocarcinoma tissue in 1 (0.95%) case because they were positive for CA125, from breast adenocarcinoma tissue in 4 (3.81%) cases because they were positive for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, from the gastrointestinal tract adenocarcinoma tissue in 2 (1.90%) case because they were positive for caudal-type homeobox 2, and from the pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue in 1 (0.95%) case because they were positive for cancer antigen 19-9 (CA199).Conclusion:Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common cause of malignant pleural effusion. Lung adenocarcinoma cells are positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, Napsin A and carcinoembryonic antigen. The combined use of the three markers can help the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, lung adenocarcinoma should be differentiated from other types of lung cancer and the tumors from other regions.