Objective To investigate the exfoliative toxin serotype genes and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolated from children with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). Methods In total, 108 strains of SA were isolated from 36 patients with SSSS, 36 patients with impetigo and 36 patients with abscess. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the staphylococcal exfoliative toxin A, B and D genes, Kirby-Baner method to test the susceptibilities of SA strains to 20 antibiotics. Results All the 36 SA isolates from SSSS patients were ET-positive, and 2 (6%) produced ETA, 7 (19%) ETB, 27 (75%) both ETA and ETB; of the 36 isolates from patients with impetigo, 78% produced ET, and 14% produced ETA, 64% produced both ETA and ETB, while no single ETB-producing strain was found; ET was detected in only one (2.8%) SA isolate from abscess patients, which produced both ETA and ETB. ETD was detected in none of the SA isolates. There was a statistical difference in the distribution of ET serotype among the three diseases (χ2=89.4, P < 0.01) and the proportion of ET-producing strains in SSSS group was signifi-cantly higher than that in impetigo group (χ2=9.0, P < 0.01) and abscess group (χ2= 68.1, P < 0.01). All the SA isolates were highly resistant to penicilin, ampicillin, macrolides and clindamycin, but sensitive to other 15 common antibiotics such as cephalosporin. Two strains of MRSA were found in patients with abscess. Conclusion In Chongqing, ET-producing SA is the common pathogenic bacteria of SSSS and impetigo, and most of SA strains produce both ETA and ETB.

Argininemia(OMIM 207 800) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease of urea cycle disorders caused by deficiency of arginase I.Arginase I(AI) is the enzyme involved in the final step of the urea cycle which catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea.The patients untreated will undergo the slowly progressive course and spastic tetraplegia,seizures and mental retardation.Unlike other urea cycle disorders,Argininemia is not generally associated with severe hyperammonemia.It is unlikely that elevated plasma ammonia is the main neurotoxic compound in argininemia because hyperammonemia rarely occurs in this condition.These neurological complications could result from the accumulation of arginine and its metabolites.argininemia can be diagnosed by ARG gene analysis or arginase acivity assay.Early diagnosis of argininemia through newborn screening program by tandem mass spectrometry may lead to a better outcome.

This article analysed the clinical manifestations and endocrinological changes after pituitary apoplexy in 8 fulminant acromegalic patients. Their secretory functions of pituitary hGH after pituitary apoplexy could be divided into two groups: 1) those with decrease of the reserve of pituitary hGH secretion; 2) those with decrease of pituitary hypersecretion of hGH, but still having pituitary reserve. In the former group, with almost full destruction of the pituitary tumors, basal serum hGH levels decreased to normal and showed no response to stimulation; and the functions of other pituitary-target axes were also influenced; as a result, obvious metabolic changes were noted and replacement therapy was needed. In the latter group, because of partial destruction of the pituitary tumors, the decreased serum hGH levels were not suppressed to normal, but showed response to stimulus; most of the functions of other pituitary-target axes were normal; thus these patients should be followed up carefully to see if they would relapse.Meanwhile, there were 10 cases of typical acromegaly with normal serum hGH levels, though they had not received any kind of therapy before. These patients might be considered as the silent type of pituitary apoplexy. In this series, the incidence is 2.4% for the fulminant type and 3.0% for the silent type.

The response of serum hGH to TRH stimulation was studied in 33 normal adults and 35 patients with pituitary GH-secreting adenoma before and after treatment. The results showed that a net increment of serum hGH level of mor than 6.0 ng / ml together with an increment of serum hGH over basal level by more than 50% should be taken as a positive response.After treatment with bromocriptine over 5 weeks, most of the response of serum hGH to TRH remained unchanged regardless of whether the basal hGH level bad decreased or not. The disease was remittent or cured in those whose TRH response became negative after pituitary surgery and / or pituitary radiotherapy. A persistent positive or possibly positive response after treatment suggested that the disease remained active. Tne results indicated that this test could be used as a tumor marker.The possible mechanisms responsible for the positive TRH test in acromegaly were discussed.

The secretory profile of GH was generated by 15-30 minutes sampling in 10 normal adults and 4 acromegalic patients. The 15-and 20-min sampling revealed more GH pulses than 30-min sampling, but the average amplitude of GH pulses and the amount of GH secreted were of the same. The normal females had more GH pulses in morning after waking and in the postabsorptive period after dinner., All .4 acromegalic patients had no big GH peak after the first deep wave sieep. In 2 acromegalic patients who had a 24-hour GH profile measurement, the male patient with normal blood sugar level had more GH pulses, but the female patient with diabetes mellitus had only a few GH pulses. Our results showed that the autonomous GH-secreting tumor remains under hypothalamic control to some extent.

It takes 10 years for the pubertal development to be completed, which is the essential period for the normal growth of children. It is necessary to further study how the release of inhibion upstream of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuron takes place and what the molecular nature of GnRH pulse generators is. Clinically, longitudinal surveys of clinical signs in large population as well as determinations of the ranges of normal and abnormal hormone values in both sexes during pubertal development are also mandatory, which will be helpful to the physicians in early treating pubertal disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the standardization of drug advertising management in China.METHODS: The disadvantages of the current drug advertising management was analyzed by employing the theory of Public Administration and Administrative Law,and the coping measures were presented in accordance with management theory.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Decentralized authority and poor communication resulted from multiple management in addition to the unsound legal system eventually led to disordered drug advertisements.Sound management process,complete post system and strict administrative enforcement are effective measures to cope with Chinese drug advertisements.

At present the annual sales of drugs in the world are over 100 billion dollars. America, Japan and West-Europe are the three large pharmaceutical markets. In the past ten years, cephalosporins are the most important antibiotics. Fluoroquinolone products have been developed rapidly in recent years. The sales of cardiovascular drugs occupy the first position in drug markets. ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists are considered as a big breakthrough. The sale amount of H_2-antagonist, ranitidine is reported in the lead. In the future, OTC products and biotechnological preparations will increase share in the world drug markets.

In the whole world, about 10 millions people suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis each year, of them, three millions died of this disease. At present, there are 5～6 million patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis in China. The spread of AIDS results in increase of TB patients. This article emphatically describes the present status of antituberculotie drug markets and the development of the new varieties of antituberculotic in China.

Rapid development of biotechnology necessarily brings about a revolutionary change in drug production. It is estimated that the annual sales of biotechnology drugs will reach 50 billion dollars in 2000. The pharmaceutical factories in USA, Japan and West-European Countries focus their attention on biotechnology drugs. Now, human somatotropin, human insulin and erythropoetin produced by r-DNA technic have occupied an important place in drug market. We believe that the 21st century will be a new era of biotechnology drugs.