Aquaporin (AQP)is a molecular weight of about 28 kD of the four polymer structure membrane channel protein. In mammals,there are 1 3 different AQP,expressed in different tissues and organs,regulating waterand glycerol and urea and other small molecules transmembrane transport of major proteins.AQP-1 is mainly expressed in the renal proximal tubule and Henle’s loop drop bronchiole epithelial cell apical membrane and basement membrane,is responsible for the reabsorption of renal tubular water molecules.The expression of AQP-1 can be changed when the kidney is damaged or damaged,so it is very important to study the mechanism of AQP-1 for understanding the pathogenesis of water metabolism and the treatment of clinical water metabolism.

Objective:To determine the effects of FL,rIL 6,rIL 6R in vitro expansion and differentiation of human cord blood CD34 + cells.Methods:Human cord blood CD34 + cells were enriched by magnetic cell isolation system CD34 + cells were incubated in the presence of FL,rIL 6,rIL 6R and their various companision.The total number of cells and colonies were counted at various time intervals.Results:The expanded cells by FL,rIL 6,rIL 6R showed colonies were CFU GM mainly but rIL 6+rIL 6R and FL+rIL 6+rIL 6R,showed some BFU E and CFU Mix but no CFU MK.Erythrocyte cells were conformed and total cells were increased 6.4 folds by FL+rIL 6+rIL 6R.Conclusion:Human cord blood CD34 + cells could expanded and differentiated by FL+rIL 6+rIL 6R.

Objective To investigate the effects of blockade of OX40/OX40L costimulation pathway on mice islet allograft tolerance in CD40/CD154 costimulation pathway blockade mice.Methods C57BL/6 mice were induced into diabetes mellitus as recipients,and were transplanted with DBA/2 mice islets.The recipients were divided into four groups,(1) treated with IgG as controls,(2) anti-OX40L mAb,(3) anti-CD154,(4) combined treatment of anti-OX40L mAb and anti CD154mAb.The mean survival time (MST) of islet allograft was observed.The expression of OX40 in activated T cells of CD154 deficient mice was detected.Effector T cells were obtained from the spleen of CD154 deficient mice cultured with or without anti-OX40L mAb for 3 days.The proliferation of T cells was assayed.Results The MST in the control group,anti-OX40L mAb group,anti-CD154 mAb group and anti OX40L mAb + anti-CD154 mAb group was 19,22,48,and ＞150 days respectively (P ＜0.05).The OX40 expression was readily induced in the 66％ activated T effector cells.CD154 deficient T effector cells proliferation was inhibited by the addition of anti-OX40L mAb in the culture in a dose-dependent fashion.Conclusion The blockade of OX40/OX40L costimulation pathway can promote islet allograft tolerance in CD40/CD154 costimulation pathway blockade mice by inhibiting the proliferation of T cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) and to identify potential predictors of thrombotic events.Methods A total of 107 patients with PAPS were enrolled in our study, who were admitted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2004 to December 2014.Demographic data, age at onset, disease duration, past history of hypertension and regular cigarette smoking, clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, management and prognosis were retrospectively collected.Bivariate statistical analysis and logistical regression test were performed to compare the discrepancy between patients with or without thromboembolic events.Results In 107 patients, there were 65 female and 42 male patients, with mean age (39.8 ± 15.8) years old, median disease duration 10.5 (2.0, 48.0) months.A total of 72(67.3％) patients reported episodes of thromboembolic events, including 72 venous thromboses and 29 arterial thromboses.The most frequent venous thromboses were deep vein thromboses (35.5％), pulmonary embolism the second common (29.9％), with cranial venous sinus thromboses the following (8.4％).In arterial thromboembolic events, the incidence of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stoke was the highest (14.0％), embolism of lower extremities the second (6.5％) ,and 4 patients (3.7％) with acute myocardial infarction.Sixty seven patients (62.6％)had positive lupus anticoagulant, 60 patients (56.1％)with positive anticardiolipin antibody,32 patients (29.9％, 32/74) with positive β2 glycoprotein Ⅰ (β2GP I).Forty patients(37.4％)had double positive antibodies, while 19 cases (17.8％)with triple positive.In logistical regression, aging (per 10 years) and hypocomplementemia were significantly related to venous thrombosis (OR =1.421, 95％ CI 1.066-1.894, P ＜ 0.05, and OR =6.435, 95％ CI 1.374-30.130, P ＜ 0.05, respectively).Cigarette smoking and triple positive antibodies were independent risk factors of arterial thrombosis (OR =3.996, 95％ CI 1.079-14.795, P ＜ 0.05 and OR =3.166, 95％ CI 1.102-9.097, P ＜ 0.05, respectively).Conclusion Alas is an autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent arterial and venous thromboembolic events.Venous thromboembolism is more common than the arterial.Age and hypocomplementemia are predictors of venous thromboembolism;while smoking and triple positive antibodies are independent risk factors of arterial thromboembolism.

An 61-year-old woman presenting deep vein thrombosis and persistent positive anticardiolipin antibodies was diagnosed as antiphospholipid syndrome and treated with low molecular weight heparin. Before and after anticoagulant therapy, continuous positive fecal occult-blood was found asymptomatically. Colonoscopy confirmed rectal cancer. Antiphospholipid autoantibodies are non-specially positive in some malignances, especially in elder onset patients. Thus, routine screening of malignancies is strongly suggested.

AIM:Observation of neuroprotective effects of Toddalia asiatica(TA)on cerebral ischemia-reper-fusion injury(CIRI)in rats by investigating the effects and mechanisms of drugs on the polarization of microglia M1/M2 subtype and the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)path-way.METHODS:The modified thread occlusion method was used to establish a rat model of CIRI,and the rats were ran-domly divided into the model group,Toddalia asiatica(1.08 g/kg)group,donepezil hydrochloride(0.45 mg/kg)group,and sham group,with 16 rats in each group.Based on the assessment of neurofunctional changes in each group of rats,HE and Nissl staining were used to observe the pathological changes in brain tissue.TUNEL staining was performed to de-tect neuronal apoptosis,immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of M1 microglia marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1),M2 microglia marker arginase 1(Arg1),and TLR4 localization.Western blot was used to detect the expression of microglia polarization proteins and proteins related to TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in the hippocampus region.RESULTS:Compared with sham group,the model group rats had higher neurological function scores(P＜0.01),and neuronal arrangement in the hippocampus and cortex was loose and disordered,Nissl bodies de-creased,and neuronal apoptosis increased.The numbers of M1 microglia marker Iba1-,M2 microglia marker Arg1-,and TLR4-positive cells were significantly increased.In addition,the protein levels of TLR4,MyD88,p-NF-κB p65,NF-κB p65,p-NF-κB inhibitory factor(p-IκB),Iba1,interleukin-6(IL-6),and Arg1 in the hippocampus were elevated(P＜0.05),while IL-4 and IL-10 expression were decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with model group,the Toddalia asiatica group and Donepezil hydrochloride group showed increased protein expression of Arg1,IL-4 and IL-10(P＜0.05),while the other indicators were decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Toddalia asiatica possesses neuroprotective effects on CIRI rats,which may be attributed to its ability to regulate M1/M2 polarization and inhibit the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway.