Objective To optimize and simplify the survey method of Oncomelania hupensis snail in marshland endemic re?gion of schistosomiasis and increase the precision,efficiency and economy of the snail survey. Methods A quadrate experimen?tal field was selected as the subject of 50 m×50 m size in Chayegang marshland near Henghu farm in the Poyang Lake region and a whole?covered method was adopted to survey the snails. The simple random sampling,systematic sampling and stratified ran?dom sampling methods were applied to calculate the minimum sample size,relative sampling error and absolute sampling error. Results The minimum sample sizes of the simple random sampling,systematic sampling and stratified random sampling meth?ods were 300,300 and 225,respectively. The relative sampling errors of three methods were all less than 15%. The absolute sampling errors were 0.221 7,0.302 4 and 0.047 8,respectively. Conclusion The spatial stratified sampling with altitude as the stratum variable is an efficient approach of lower cost and higher precision for the snail survey.

Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics,recurrence,metastasis and survival of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC),and to analyze the correlation factors affecting the prognosis.Methods Data of 378 breast cancer patients treated from Jan.2008 to Dec.2011 were retrospectively analyzed.According to immunohistochemical staining of estrogen of receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2),they were divided into TNBC group (61 cases) and non-triple negative breast cancer group (non-TNBC,317 cases).The two groups were compared in terms of clinicopathological characteristics,prognosis and survival.Results Patients in TNBC group had significant differences in the following aspects:ratio of patients with newly diagnosed age ＜35 years old,patients with family history of breast cancer,the maximum diameter of tumor more than 5 cm,positive preoperative axillary lymph node status,tumor in clinical stage m,histological grade of tumor in level Ⅲ,Ki67 overexpression and P53 overexpression,while there was no statistical difference in the aspects of menstrual status,pathological type or surgical method between them.The local recurrence and distant metastasis rate were obviously higher in TNBC group than in non-TNBC group.5-year diseasefree survival (DFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) were significantly lower in TNBC group than in non-TNBC group.Univariate analysis showed that factors related to 5-year DFS in TNBC group were:age,the maximum diameter of tumor,the preoperative axillary lymph node status,clinical staging of tumor,and P53 overexpression.The maximum diameter of tumor,the preoperative axillary lymph node status and clinical staging of tumor were recognized as the influence factors of 5-year OS.Independent factors affecting 5-year DFS in TNBC group were:the maximum diameter of tumor,and the preoperative axillary lymph node status.The maximum diameter of tumor and the preoperative axillary lymph node status were the independent factors influencing 5-year OS.Conclusions The clinicopathological characteristics of TNBC include:younger onset age,family clustering of breast cancer,the larger maximum of tumor diameter,larger portion of positive preoperative axillary lymph node,later clinical staging of tumor,higher histological grade of tumor,easier local recurrence and distant metastasis,lower 5-year DFS and 5-year OS.The factors of age,the maximum diameter of tumor,the preoperative axillary lymph node status,clinical staging of tumor,P53 overexpression especially the maximum diameter of tumor and the preoperative axillary lymph node status play the important clinical roles in judging the prognosis of TNBC.

Objective To explore the value of synchrotron radiation micro-CT(SR-pCT)and automatic marker watershed image segmentation for quantifying three-dimensional local bone tissue and blood vessels in mouse models of breast cancer tibia metastasis.Methods Mouse models with breast cancer bone metastasis in tibia were established and underwent oral Vatalanib,injection of Bevacizumab,combination of Vatalanib or Bevacizumab,or injection of placebo,respectively.On the 8th day(time point T1)and the 22nd day(time point T2)after injection of tumor cells,the tibia bone was scanned using combined vascular contrast injection and SR-pCT,and high-resolution simultaneous imaging of local bone tissue and vascular network were achieved.Then bone tissue and vessels on images were segmented using automatic marker watershed image-segmentation method,global threshold method and region growing method,respectively,and the quality of segmentations were assessed with Dice similarity coefficient(DSC).The anatomical quantitative parameters of tibia with breast cancer metastasis were obtained,including the fraction of bone volume in total volume(BV/TV),fraction of vessel volume in total volume(VV/TV),the mean thickness of bone(B.Th)and the mean thickness of vessel(V.Th).The anatomical quantitative parameters were compared among different treatments at the same time point,also between different time points under the same treatment.Results DSC for segmentation of local tibia bone tissue and vascular structures based on automatic marker watershed image segmentation method were all greater than 0.95,higher than that of other methods(all P＜0.05).No significant difference of anatomical quantitative parameters was found under different treatments at T1(all P＞0.05),and V.Th under the combined treatment were lower than that under other treatments at T2(all P＜0.05).Compared with T1,BV/TV and B.Th at T2 increased while VV/TV at T2 decreased in tibia metastasis under combination treatment(all P＜0.05),BV/TV,B.Th and V.Th at T2 increased under Vatalanib or Bevacizumab treatment(all P＜0.05),and BV/TV and B.Th at T2 increased under placebo(both P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of SR-pCT and automatic marker watershed method could be used to initially quantify three-dimensional structures of local bone tissue and blood vessels in mouse models of breast cancer tibia metastasis.

In order to meet the needs of contemporary society for medicine and cultivate high-quality compound medical talents, Chongqing Medical University has carried out the "organ system-centered" urogenital system integration curriculum reform. In the practice of integrated curriculum teaching, students have deepened their systematic understanding of medical knowledge, enhanced their enthusiasm and initiative in classroom learning, cultivated students' logical thinking ability, and improved students' innovative scientific research ability, by reorganizing the curriculum system, rewriting textbooks, improving the teaching environment, forming a teaching team, and reforming teaching methods, which laids the foundation for the further improvement of the medical curriculum.

BACKGROUND: Improving and maintaining the health of mothers and newborns is indisputably a global priority, especially during a pandemic. This study intends to examine the factors associated with cesarean section (CS) during lockdown time. METHODS: A total of 678 women who just gave birth within 7 days were enrolled from maternal and children hospitals in nine cities of China from April to May 2020. The delivery modes and potential influencing factors were investigated. The subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to examine the association of CS and risk factors among populations with different characteristics and to control for possible confounding, respectively. RESULTS: The overall rate of cesarean delivery was 37.3%. In multi-variant model, maternal age > 30 years (OR, 95% CI = 1.71, 1.21-2.41), higher pre-gestational BMI (OR, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.10-1.23), living in regions with confirmed COVID-19 cases > 500 (OR, 95% CI = 2.45, 1.74-3.45), and excess gestational weight gain (OR, 95% CI = 1.73, 1.17-2.55) were associated with cesarean delivery. These trends of associations were not changes in sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. Cesarean delivery occurred more in women who got more nutrition instruction during the pandemic period in the univariant model; however, this association showed insignificance in the multiple-variant analysis. CONCLUSION A high cesarean delivery rate was found in uninfected women who experienced lockdown in their third trimester. During the COVID-19 pandemic, more medical support should be provided in severely affected regions to ensure and promote health in pregnancy.