Objective To optimize and simplify the survey method of Oncomelania hupensis snail in marshland endemic re?gion of schistosomiasis and increase the precision,efficiency and economy of the snail survey. Methods A quadrate experimen?tal field was selected as the subject of 50 m×50 m size in Chayegang marshland near Henghu farm in the Poyang Lake region and a whole?covered method was adopted to survey the snails. The simple random sampling,systematic sampling and stratified ran?dom sampling methods were applied to calculate the minimum sample size,relative sampling error and absolute sampling error. Results The minimum sample sizes of the simple random sampling,systematic sampling and stratified random sampling meth?ods were 300,300 and 225,respectively. The relative sampling errors of three methods were all less than 15%. The absolute sampling errors were 0.221 7,0.302 4 and 0.047 8,respectively. Conclusion The spatial stratified sampling with altitude as the stratum variable is an efficient approach of lower cost and higher precision for the snail survey.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of chest computed tomography (CT) characteristics in crizotinib-treated pa-tients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Forty-seven patients with advanced ALK-rearranged NSCLC who re-ceived crizotinib treatment from January 2014 to March 2017 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Pre-treatment CT characteris-tics were evaluated. Patients were followed up after crizotinib treatment, and the best overall response and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST version 1.1). Results: The median PFS of all patients was 10 months. There was no association between CT characteristics and response. In univariate analysis, large tumor size (P=0.009), central type (P=0.002), consolidation of surrounding lung tissue (P=0.002), pleural effusion (P=0.001), and lymphangitic carcino-matosis (P=0.019) suggested a poor prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that location (hazard ratio, 3.219; 95% con-fidence interval: 1.517-6.833; P=0.002) was an independent prognostic predictor. Conclusions: Pre-treatment CT characteristics are useful in predicting the PFS of crizotinib-treated patients with advanced NSCLC harboring ALK rearrangement.

The article takes the experiment teaching combining Chaoxing Network Teaching Platform with BOPPPS model of obstetrics and gynecology in Chongqing Medical University as an example, and introduces the six teaching modules in detail that are followed in the mixed teaching mode: bridge in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post-assessment, and summary. Using the three-in-one assessment method of "process evaluation + incentive evaluation + summative evaluation", the learning effect of students was comprehensively evaluated. The practice proved that this mode can improve students' learning autonomy, exercise communication skills, cultivate teamwork spirit, promote the construction of clinical thinking, and improve teaching effect and classroom teaching quality.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the simplified Chinese version of Lymphedema function, disability and health questionnaire for lower limb lymphedema (Lymph-ICF-LL).Methods:The original English version was translated into mandarin and modified to accommodate Chinese customs. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 61 patients with lower extremity lymphedema who were treated in the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery of Xi’an Central Hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were recruited in this study. The questionnaires filled by the included patients were classified as sample 1 to sample 4 by the screening process. The valid simplified Chinese version of Lymph-ICF-LL was collected as sample 1 ( n=55), including 1 male and 54 females, aged (51.0±9.4) years (24-70 years). Among the 55 patients, 28 patients underwent lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA). The simplified Chinese version of Lymph-ICF-LL completed before and follow-up of 6 months after surgery were selected as sample 2 and sample 3( n=28), respectively. The simplified Chinese version of lymphoedema quality of life questionnaire (LYMQOL) filled out by the patients in sample 1 was used as sample 4 ( n=55). The reliability was analyzed by internal consistency test reliability and split-half reliability, Cronbach’s α coefficient ≥0.80 indicated good internal consistency reliability and the Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficient ≥0.70 indicated good split-half reliability. The content validity of the Lymph-ICF-LL was determined by three plastic surgery experts who judged the consistency of the questionnaire with the original English content. Exploratory factor analysis and criterion validity were used to analyze construct validity. For criterion validity assessment, Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the Lymph-ICF-LL scores in sample 1 and the LYMQOL scores in sample 4. The scores of Lymph-ICF-LL before and half a year after lymphadenectomy were compared by paired t-test. Results:(1) Cronbach’s alpha was 0.937, indicating good internal consistency. The Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficient of the total scale was 0.700, indicating good split-half reliability. (2) The content validity of the simplified Chinese version of Lymph-ICF-LL was good. Five factors (physical function, mental function, general tasks/household, mobility and life/social life) were identified by factor analysis. The total score of the simplified Chinese version of Lymph-ICF-LL was positively correlated with the score of the simplified Chinese version of LYMQOL ( r=0.73, P<0.001), and the criterion correlation validity was good. (3) The scores of Lymph-ICF-LL for half a year after LVA was significantly lower than its preoperative counterparts (40.70±15.13 vs. 54.40±15.70, t=5.96, P<0.001). The quality of life of patients after LVA was significantly improved. Conclusion:The simplified Chinese version of Lymph-ICF-LL shows good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the quality of daily life regarding patients with lower limb lymphedema.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the simplified Chinese version of Lymphedema function, disability and health questionnaire for lower limb lymphedema (Lymph-ICF-LL).Methods:The original English version was translated into mandarin and modified to accommodate Chinese customs. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 61 patients with lower extremity lymphedema who were treated in the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery of Xi’an Central Hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were recruited in this study. The questionnaires filled by the included patients were classified as sample 1 to sample 4 by the screening process. The valid simplified Chinese version of Lymph-ICF-LL was collected as sample 1 ( n=55), including 1 male and 54 females, aged (51.0±9.4) years (24-70 years). Among the 55 patients, 28 patients underwent lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA). The simplified Chinese version of Lymph-ICF-LL completed before and follow-up of 6 months after surgery were selected as sample 2 and sample 3( n=28), respectively. The simplified Chinese version of lymphoedema quality of life questionnaire (LYMQOL) filled out by the patients in sample 1 was used as sample 4 ( n=55). The reliability was analyzed by internal consistency test reliability and split-half reliability, Cronbach’s α coefficient ≥0.80 indicated good internal consistency reliability and the Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficient ≥0.70 indicated good split-half reliability. The content validity of the Lymph-ICF-LL was determined by three plastic surgery experts who judged the consistency of the questionnaire with the original English content. Exploratory factor analysis and criterion validity were used to analyze construct validity. For criterion validity assessment, Pearson correlation analysis was used to test the correlation between the Lymph-ICF-LL scores in sample 1 and the LYMQOL scores in sample 4. The scores of Lymph-ICF-LL before and half a year after lymphadenectomy were compared by paired t-test. Results:(1) Cronbach’s alpha was 0.937, indicating good internal consistency. The Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficient of the total scale was 0.700, indicating good split-half reliability. (2) The content validity of the simplified Chinese version of Lymph-ICF-LL was good. Five factors (physical function, mental function, general tasks/household, mobility and life/social life) were identified by factor analysis. The total score of the simplified Chinese version of Lymph-ICF-LL was positively correlated with the score of the simplified Chinese version of LYMQOL ( r=0.73, P<0.001), and the criterion correlation validity was good. (3) The scores of Lymph-ICF-LL for half a year after LVA was significantly lower than its preoperative counterparts (40.70±15.13 vs. 54.40±15.70, t=5.96, P<0.001). The quality of life of patients after LVA was significantly improved. Conclusion:The simplified Chinese version of Lymph-ICF-LL shows good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluate the quality of daily life regarding patients with lower limb lymphedema.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and immunotherapy responsiveness of patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G-antibody associated disease (MOGAD) with epilepsy, and display the risk factors of epilepsy in MOGAD.Methods:Eighty-nine patients with MOGAD diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between October 2019 and May 2023 were enrolled and classified into 2 groups upon MOGAD with ( n=29) or without epilepsy ( n=60). The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) were used for evaluation of severity, and EDSS or CASE scores on the 30th day after first-line immunotherapy initiation lower than that on admission were defined as well treatment responsiveness. The differences of general data, clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood biochemical examination results, and immunotherapy reactivity between the 2 groups were thoroughly explicated. In addition, the risk factors of epilepsy in MOGAD were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results:Compared with patients with MOGAD without epilepsy, patients with MOGAD with epilepsy were characterized by lower age of onset [24.5(10.3, 34.0) years vs 11.0(6.5, 20.0) years, Z=-2.348, P=0.019], higher percentage of male patients [43.3%(26/60) vs 75.9%(22/29), χ 2=8.326, P=0.004], higher virus infection rate [28.3%(17/60) vs 51.7%(15/29), χ 2=4.645, P=0.031], higher incidence of prodromal symptoms [11.7%(7/60) vs 34.5%(10/29), χ 2=6.586, P=0.010], higher blood-brain barrier breakdown rate [35.0%(21/60) vs 58.6%(17/29), χ 2=4.458, P=0.035], higher percentage of CSF albumin level>450 mg/L [48.3%(29/60) vs 75.9%(22/29), χ 2=6.056, P=0.014] and higher creatine kinase level [45.50(28.50, 69.75) U/L vs 57.50(41.75, 97.25) U/L, Z=-2.349, P=0.019]; more epilepsy [0(0) vs 29/29 (100.0%), χ 2=89.000, P<0.001] and disturbance of consciousness [0(0) vs 6/29(20.7%), χ 2=10.224, P=0.001] as clinical manifestations, and more cerebral cortex lesions [30/60(50.0%) vs 25/29(86.2%), χ 2=10.856, P=0.001] on magnetic resonance imaging. Nevertheless, the patients with MOGAD without epilepsy were featured with more visual impairment [23/60(38.3%) vs 3/29(10.3%), χ 2=7.406, P=0.007], limb weakness [18/60(30.0%) vs 1/29(3.4%), χ 2=8.209, P=0.004], sensory disturbance [15/60(25.0%) vs 0(0), Fisher exact probability test, P=0.002] and more cervical cord lesions [22/60(36.7%) vs 4/29(13.8%), χ 2=4.946, P=0.026] on magnetic resonance imaging. Immunotherapy responsiveness was relatively poor in the MOGAD with epilepsy group [EDSS score lower than that on admission: 15/29(51.7%) vs 46/60(76.7%), χ 2=5.641, P=0.018; CASE score lower than that on admission: 16/29(55.2%) vs 47/60(78.3%), χ 2=5.072, P=0.024] compared with the MOGAD without epilepsy group. Male was the independent risk factor of epilepsy in MOGAD ( OR=7.078, 95% CI 1.709-29.326, P=0.007). Conclusions:Compared with patients with MOGAD without epilepsy, patients with MOGAD with epilepsy reported more male patients, lower age of onset and higher incidence of prodromal symptoms, blood-brain barrier dysfunction rate, virus infection rate, CSF albumin level and creatine kinase level; clinical phenotypes were mainly meningoencephalitis and more cerebral cortex lesions were shown on magnetic resonance imaging. MOGAD with epilepsy was closely related to poor immunotherapy responsiveness, and gender was found to be the independent risk factor for epilepsy in MOGAD.

BACKGROUND: Improving and maintaining the health of mothers and newborns is indisputably a global priority, especially during a pandemic. This study intends to examine the factors associated with cesarean section (CS) during lockdown time. METHODS: A total of 678 women who just gave birth within 7 days were enrolled from maternal and children hospitals in nine cities of China from April to May 2020. The delivery modes and potential influencing factors were investigated. The subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to examine the association of CS and risk factors among populations with different characteristics and to control for possible confounding, respectively. RESULTS: The overall rate of cesarean delivery was 37.3%. In multi-variant model, maternal age > 30 years (OR, 95% CI = 1.71, 1.21-2.41), higher pre-gestational BMI (OR, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.10-1.23), living in regions with confirmed COVID-19 cases > 500 (OR, 95% CI = 2.45, 1.74-3.45), and excess gestational weight gain (OR, 95% CI = 1.73, 1.17-2.55) were associated with cesarean delivery. These trends of associations were not changes in sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. Cesarean delivery occurred more in women who got more nutrition instruction during the pandemic period in the univariant model; however, this association showed insignificance in the multiple-variant analysis. CONCLUSION A high cesarean delivery rate was found in uninfected women who experienced lockdown in their third trimester. During the COVID-19 pandemic, more medical support should be provided in severely affected regions to ensure and promote health in pregnancy.