Objective:To investigate the effects of erbium:yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG)laser irradiation on pulp and formation of dentin bridge.The beagle dogs'coronal pulp is amputated by Er:YAG laser.Methods:In the study,24 premolar teeth of two one-year-old Beagle dogs were used.They were divided into 3 groups:bur group,200 mJ laser group,100 mJ laser group.The coronal pulp were removed by traditional bur or 200 mJ/20 Hz or 100 mJ/20 Hz Er:YAG laser.Then,they were dressed with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)and sealed with resin.Clinical,radiological and histological ana-lyses were performed 1 day,2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment.The mobility and gingiva si-tuation were evaluated for clinical evaluation.Periapical films were used for radiological evaluation.The extracted teeth were preserved in 10% formalin.After decalcification,tissue processing,paraffin embed-ding,serial sectioning at 5 μm thickness,staining (Hematoxylin and Eosin,HE),the samples were as-sessed by an independent observer for calcified bridge formation and radicular pulp inflammation.The mean thickness of dental bridge was measured if there was complete dental bridge.Results:Clinical evaluation:there were no signs of fistula or mobility or any abnormal symptoms in Er:YAG laser groups and bur group during the observation period.Radiological evaluation:there were no signs of widened pe-riodontal ligament or root absorption or periapical radiolucency in Er:YAG laser groups and bur group. Histological evaluation:there was no severe inflammation reaction in 200 mJ/20 Hz,100 mJ/20 Hz Er:YAG laser groups and bur group 1 day,2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks post-operation in Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.A complete dentin bridge could be observed in 200 mJ/20 Hz,100 mJ/20 Hz Er:YAG laser groups,while no complete dentin bridge in bur group 2 weeks post-operation.Complete dental bridge could be observed in each group 4 and 8 weeks post-operation.The mean thickness of dental bridge 4 weeks post-operation in 200 mJ laser group was 77 μm,100 mJ laser group 87 μm,and bur group 101 μm,and 8 weeks post-operation in 200 mJ laser group was 222 μm,100 mJ laser group 160μm,and bur group 152 μm.Conclusion:The 200 mJ/20 Hz and 100 mJ/20 Hz Er:YAG laser pulpoto-mies show no harm to radicular pulp and can promote the formation of dentin bridge.

OBJECTIVE To discuss cause and nursing of hospital infection in infectious disease ward.METHODS Hospital infection in infectious disease ward of a general hospital was analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The hospital infection rate was 6.18%;the main site of infection was respiratory tract(48.84%);November is the highest month of infection rate.The infection rate was seen higher among liver disease patients.CONCLUSIONS The hard ware must be enhanced to reform and the sickroom arrangement be regularized.It is important for hospitals to strengthen infection control.The main treatment to control hospital infection is applying aseptic operation strictly.

Aim Toresearchthemolecularmecha-nisms of adriamycin-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis based on β-adrenoceptor signaling pathway during de-velopmentofheartfailure.Methods SeventymaleSD rats were assigned randomly into two groups:the con-trol group(CON,n=30)and the ADR-induced cardio-toxicity group (ADR,n =40 ).ADR was administered intraperitoneally in five equal injections (each contai-ning 3 mg·kg-1 )over a period of two weeks,with a total cumulative dose of 15 mg · kg-1 body weight. Age-matched rats injected with saline were used as controls.The general condition of all rats was observed, and transthoracic echocardiography was performed im-mediately following the final ADR injection,and then every other week.Serum and myocardial tissue were harvested at W2,W4 and W6 separately.The serum contents of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)and cardiac troponin-T(cTn-T)were analyzed by euzymelinked im-munosorbent assay (ELISA ).The pathological change and apoptosis were determined by HE,Masson and ter-minal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).The protein expressions ofβ1-AR,β2-AR,PKA and CaMK Ⅱ were detectedbyWesternblot.Results FollowingthefinalADRin-jection,cardiac systolic function and SV declined, which was accompanied by marked atrophy of the heart,low levels of cardiomyocyte fibrosis and apopto-sis,significantly increased serum BNP and cTn-T and decreased β1-AR,PKA and CaMK Ⅱ protein expres-sion.However,cardiac systolic function was improved with the extension of time but remained depressed as compared to CON group.The serum BNP and cTn-T concentration kept on rising.The gradual aggravation apoptosis and concomitant fibrosis in the ADR group heart were observed following ADR withdrawal.β1-AR protein expression was continuously down-regulated,β2-AR protein expression unchanged.Expression of PKA and CaMKⅡ proteins in hearts from ADR-injec-ted rats gradually increased.Conclusion β-AR/PKA/CaMKⅡ signaling pathway mediates cardiomyo-cyte apoptosis during the progress of ADR-induced car-diac dysfunction and pathological remodeling and apop-tosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of deproteinised calf serum enteric-coated capsules (DCSECC) on cognitive function of patients with epilepsy.Methods Sixty-six patients were randomly divided into two groups including experimental group who received DCSECC 5 mg/d,3 times a day and antiepileptics,and control group who received antiepileptics.To detect the cognitive function by means of Wechlors memory scale (WMS),Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA),event related potentials (P300) latency period and malondialdehyde (MDA) before treatment and after treatment for 1,2,3 months,and compared with 33 healthy subjects controls (healthy group).Results Compared with healthy group,the scores of memory quotient (MQ) and MoCA were signifiantly decreased in experimental group and control group [(80.4 ± 14.2),(79.6 ± 13.9) scores vs.(103.2 ± 30.1) scores; (13.5 ± 4.5),(12.9 ± 3.9) scores vs.(28.8 ±8.7) scores],in the mean time,P300 latency period and MDA were signifiantly prolonged [(380.8 ± 49.7),(389.5 ± 50.4) ms vs.(309.8 ± 44.7) ms ; (5.0 ± 1.8),(4.8 ± 1.7) μ mol/L vs.(2.2 ± 0.6) μ mol/L],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group after treatment for 3 months,the scores of MQ and MoCA in experimental group [(96.5 ± 18.3) scores,(26.8 ± 7.7) scores] were increased and P300 latency period [(321.3 ±36.1) ms] was shortened,there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The level of MDA decreased significantly in experimental group after 2,3 months treatment[(3.02 ± 1.04),(2.99 ± 1.01) μ mol/L],there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05).The scores of MQ and MoCA in control group after treatment had no significant difference compared with before treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The cognitive function in patients with epilepsy is decreased.DCSECC medical treatment can improve the cognitive function by means of antioxidant activity.

We systematically analyse and summarize on the literature(1996-2016) by reading and analysing them.Active ingredients and pharmacological activity of traditional Chinese medicine pigment composition(Saffower Yellower Injection) is introduced and its response characteristics, factors and potential causes of ADR are revealed, which provides the reference for safe, rational clinical management of drugs.Also it reminds that clinicians should master the characteristics of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine pigment and grasp the ADR potential causes and control measures, in order to reach the goal of rational drug use.

Objective To assess the screening capacity of Ezscan for abnormal glucose metabolism .Methods A total of 1 732 permanent residents of Chongqing city underwent physical examination from August 2013 to August 2014 were selected as subjects ,questionnair survey ,physical examination and Ezscan measurement were performed .Additionally ,the levels of fasting blood‐glucose(FPG) ,OGTT 2h blood glucose ,HbA1c and serum lipid were detected .Results The prevalence rate of abnormal glucose metabolism for residents with high Ezscan score was higher than that in those with low Ezscan score .The AUC of Ezscan screening for abnormal glucose metabolism was 0 .616 ,the optimum diagnosis tangent point was 24 .0% ,the sensitivity was 67 .0% .The optimum diagnosis tangent point of FPG was 5 .5 mmol/L for abnormal glucose metabolism ,the sensitivity and speci‐ficity was 70 .5% and 61 .7% respectively ,and the AUC was 0 .824 .The sensitivity of FPG for screening abnormal glucose metabo‐lism was 47 .2% ,when the cut‐off value of FPG was 6 .1 mmol/L .Conclusion The sensitivity of Ezscan for screening abnormal glucose metabolism is higher than that of FPG (when the cut‐off value was 6 .1 mmol/L) ,Ezscan can be used as an efficiency meth‐od for early detection of abnormal glucose metabolism in the asymptomatic population .

Objective To investigate the ideal reconstruction methods after pelvic tumor resection and to assess the feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for pelvic reconstruction,we performed a retrospective study of patients with pelvic tumors who received tumor resection and reconstruction using 3D-printed pelvic endoprostheses.Methods Thirty-five patients received tumor resection and functional reconstruction with 3D-printed pelvic endoprostheses in our center from Sep.2013 to Dec.2015.According to Enneking' s classification,there were 3 cases of Type Ⅰ,12 cases of Type Ⅱ+Ⅲ,5 cases of Type Ⅰ+Ⅱ,2 case of Type Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ,10 cases of type Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ and 3 cases of type Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ resection.Methods of reconstruction included 3 patients with 3D-printed iliac endoprosthesis,12 patients with 3D-printed standard hemipelvic endoprosthesis and 20 patients with 3D-printed screw-rod connected hemipelvic endoprosthesis.Results All 35 patients underwent en bloc resection.Margins were wide in 15 cases,marginal in 14 cases and intralesional in 6 cases.After a mean followed-up of 20.5 months (6 to 30),25 patients survived without evidence of disease,5 patients were alive with diseases and 5 patients died of distant metastasis.Complications included 7 cases of delayed wound healing,2 cases of hip dislocation and no cases of deep infection.The average MSTS 93 score was 19.1 (9-26) for all of the 30 alive patients,22.7 (20 to 25) for 3 patients with iliac endoprosthesis reconstruction,19.8 (15 to 26) for 12 patients with standard hemipelvic endoprosthesis reconstruction,and 17.7 (9 to 25) for 15 patients with screw-rod connected hemipelvic endoprosthesis at the last follow up.Conclusion The application of 3D-printing technology could facilitate precise matching and osseointegration between the implants and host bone.Our clinical results proved that application of 3D-printed pelvic endoprostheses for reconstruction of bony defect was safe without additional complications,and that good functional results could be expected during short-term follow-up.

Objective:To study the morphological characteristics of the mental canal and its relation to the mandibular canal and incisor nerve canal.Methods:The anterior parts of the mandibular canal, the mental canal and the origin of the incisor nerve canal were dissected and measured directly on 13 cases of Chinese wet mandible specimens fixed with formalin. The mandibular canal, the mental canal and the incisor nerve canal of another 21 sides of decalcified mandibles were dissected and measured. Results:The anterior terminal part of the mandibular canal divided into mental canal and incisor nerve canal. Most of the mental canal bended backward, upward and outward then opened to the mental foramen. Mental canal's length was (5.61?1.07) mm averagely and its diameter (2.53? 0.47) mm. The horizontal distance from the anterior border of mental foramen to the anterior end of mandibular canal was (2.82?1.29) mm. The vertical distance from the inferior border of mental foramen to the superior border of mandibular canal was (3.83?1.43) mm. The angle between mental canal and mandibular canal was (63.57?13.71)?. Mental canal contained mental nerve and mental blood vessels. Conclusions:The anterior end of mandibular canal extends and becomes mental canal then opens to the mental foramen.

To explore micro-course suitable for human morphology in high vocational nursing pro-fession and meanwhile attempt to make a combination between micro-course and flipped-classroom in some chapter, accompanied by taking advantage of the digital equipments such as computer, tablet and smart phone to carry out teaching. Based on digitization, we aim to lead the fragmented time and energy of students to this beloved teaching method, realizing “self-inquiry learning before class, interactive learning between teacher and students in class, effect assessment after class to reinforce the independent participation and inspire the interest of students in human morphology learning.

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