Objective This report describes the mechanism of Ginsenoside Re to resist Exercise-induced fatigue based on the observation of effects on MDA content and SOD activity.Methods Thirty male SD rats were divided into 3 groups randomly:Ginsenoside Re group,model group and control group,10 rats in each group.Rats in Ginsenoside Re group were given gastric gavage of Ginsenoside Re once a day,while rats in model and control groups were given the same volume of normal saline.One hour after administration,rats of Ginsenoside Re groups and Model groups received medium-intensity treadmill exercise for 20 minutes at the speed of 15m/min,with a slope of 0 degree,and after 40-mimute break repeated it for another 20minutes.Fourteen days later,MDA content and SOD activity have been tested.Results MDA content in the serum,liver tissue and muscle tissue of Ginsenoside Re group was obviously lower than that in the model group (P

ObjectiveTo investigate related factors for stone recurrence after endoscopic minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy, and to establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of stone recurrence after surgery based on independent risk factors. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 144 patients with gallstones who underwent endoscopic minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy in Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital from January 2012 to January 2018, and according to postoperative stone recurrence, the patients were divided into non-recurrence group and recurrence group. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. LASSO and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze independent risk factors for postoperative stone recurrence, and the corresponding nomogram prediction model was plotted according to regression coefficient. The calibration curve was plotted to evaluate the reliability of the predictive nomogram; Harrell consistency index was used to quantify the discriminatory performance of the predictive nomogram; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of this predictive nomogram. ResultsAll 144 patients underwent successful endoscopic minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy, among whom 14 patients (9.7%) experienced stone recurrence after surgery. The multivariate analysis showed that family history (odds ratio ［OR］= 3.245, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 0.752-13567, P=0.104), regular diet (OR=3.752, 95% CI: 1.067-14.141, P=0.041), stone homogeneity (OR=5.871, 95% CI: 1636-25.390, P=0.010), and medication compliance (OR=0.225, 95% CI: 0.057-0.799, P=0.024) were independent risk factors for recurrence. The nomogram model had an index of concordance (C-index) of 0.835 (95% CI: 0.732-0.938) in the modeling sample and 0.7925 in the verification sample, suggesting that the nomogram model in this study had good accuracy and discrimination. The predictive nomogram had an AUC of 0.835, suggesting that this nomogram had a relatively high predictive value. ConclusionFamily history, regular diet, stone homogeneity, and medication compliance are independent risk factors for stone recurrence after endoscopic minimally invasive gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy, and the nomogram constructed based on these independent risk factors may help to predict the risk of postoperative stone recurrence.

Adenovirus Infections, Human ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among Chinese adults in different geographic areas, and to analyze the related factors. Methods: China Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance was conducted in 2013, based on 298 counties/districts in 31 provinces of Chinese mainland. The adults aged 18 years old were randomly selected using multi-stage stratified clustering sampling method. Information on chronic disease and risk factors was collected using face-to-face questionnaire interview and physical measurement. Blood samples were collected by local staffs. Serum total cholesterol (TC) was determined using standard method in a central laboratory. After excluding 565 participants missing key variables and 1 558 participants with abnormal TC values, a total of 174 976 participants were included. Weighted prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was calculated. Hypercholesterolemia related individual or geographic determinants were defined using multilevel logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in Chinese adults age 18 years old and above was 6.9% (95%CI: 6.4%-7.3%), ranged from 3.0% (95%CI: 2.5%-3.4%) in the northwest of China to 14.2% (95%CI: 12.9%-15.5%) in the south (χ²=183.42, P<0.001). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was higher in 6 provinces including Tianjin, Liaoning, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan (≥9.0%), but lower in 7 provinces including Shanxi, Shannxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Tibet (<3.9%). There was a 1.27 fold variation in hypercholesterolemia prevalence by provincial level, and 72.5% of the geographical variation in hypercholesterolemia prevalence was account for by area-level determinants. With multilevel logistic analysis, the individual risk factors associated with hypercholesterolemia included aging, higher education level or annual household income per capita, regular drinking, too much red meal intake, inactivity, overweight or obesity. For geographic factors, residents living at south China, counties/districts with higher urbanization rates, higher education level or lower standardized death rates were more likely to have hypercholesterolemia (all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was high in Chinese adults, it was different between regions and related with characteristics of population, individual behaviors and geographical regions.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and co-prevalence of tobacco use,excessive alcohol use,insufficient intake of vegetable and fruit,physical inactivity,and overweight or obesity in floating population and influencing factors in China,2012.Methods Data from the 2012 China Chronic Disease Risk Factor Survey in Floating Population in China were used.In this survey,48 704 people aged 18-59 years in floating population were selected through stratified multistage clustering sampling in 170 counties and districts from 31 province (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.The gender specific prevalence and co-prevalence of five risk factors were estimated,and the rank sum test was used for result comparison.Results Among the people surveyed,27.4％ had one risk factor,37.1％ had two risk factors,28.5％ had ≥3 risk factors.The prevalence or co-prevalence of risk factors were positively correlated with age (P＜0.05),income level (P＜0.05) and migration time (P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with educational level (P＜0.05).People who were males,in Han ethnic group,engaged in construction and from other provinces were more likely to have more risk factors (P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence and co-prevalence of tobacco use,excessive alcohol use,insufficient intake of vegetable and fruit,physical inactivity and overweight or obesity were high in floating population in China,suggesting that it is necessary to strengthen the comprehensive behavior intervention in floating population.

Objective:To compare the biomechanical properties of traditional surface hip prosthesis and bionic surface hip prosthesis.Methods:The Sawbone digital model (#3908, Left, Medium) was selected as the research object. Mimics 21.0 software was used to reconstruct the physical model of femur. Solidworks 16.0 software was used to build the model of prostheses, including the traditional and bionic (type 1-4) protheses and their assembly. The distances from the screw cross position to the top of pressure screw of type 1 to type 4 protheses were 20.22 mm, 30.12 mm, 32.17 mm and 37.76 mm, respectively. The mechanical distribution characteristics of the whole model were measured and the stress distribution cloud map was obtained.Results:The peak stresses at bone-stem junction of traditional prosthesis and type 1-4 hip prostheses were 32.18 MPa, 13.80 MPa, 15.01 MPa, 23.46 MPa and 34.51 MPa, respectively. With the fulcrums away from the top of the femur, the peak stresses at the fulcrums of type 1-4 hip protheses were 37.98 MPa, 48.60 MPa, 54.80 MPa, and 53.87 MPa, respectively. The maximum stress above femoral neck of traditional prosthesis and type 1-4 hip prostheses were 8.00 MPa, 7.80 MPa, 7.04 MPa, 7.03 MPa and 7.51 MPa, respectively. The maximum stresses under femoral neck was 15.38 MPa, 14.20 MPa, 11.11 MPa, 13.10 MPa and 12.18 MPa, respectively. The maximum stresses in the greater trochanter region of femur were 13.08 MPa, 11.61 MPa, 13.09 MPa, 11.02 MPa and 39.51 MPa, respectively.Conclusion:Compared with the traditional surface hip prosthesis, the type I bionic surface hip prosthesis is designed based on the lever balance reconstruction theory. With the bionic reconstruction of the tension trabeculae and compression trabeculae through reasonable screw placement angles and the inward movement of the fulcrum closer to the center of the femoral head, the new type prothesis make up for the design defects of the traditional surface hip prosthesis, optimize the stress distribution in the proximal femur, and improve the stability of the prosthesis after replacement, which help reduce the risk of femoral neck fracture and prosthesis loosening, and extend the service life of the prosthesis.

Objective:To study the reason for failed fixation with dynamic hip screws (DHS) and the indications for DHS fixation in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture based on the lever-balance-reconstruction theory.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed of the data of 32 patients with intertrochanteric fracture who had been treated by DHS fixation at Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital from January 1999 to December 2019. There were 22 males and 10 females, aged from 34 to 91 years (average, 67.7 years). By the AO classification, 15 fractures were type 31-A1, 13 ones type 31-A2, and 4 ones type 31-A3. According to the lever-balance-reconstruction theory, after the position of postoperative fulcrum was determined depending on the relationship between fracture line and internal fixation, the medial and lateral force arms were measured after internal fixation. The 32 patients were divided into 2 groups according to the position of fulcrum after internal fixation. In group A of 13 patients, the fulcrum was located in or within the center of the medullary cavity; in group B of 19 patients, the fulcrum was located outside the center of the medullary cavity. The incidence of internal fixation failure was compared between the 2 groups.Results:Internal fixation failure occurred in 15 of the 32 patients: cutting out of the head and neck screws without penetration in 2 cases, screw withdrawal in 8 cases, hip varus deformity in 10 cases, and femoral neck shortening in 15 cases. The 2 groups were comparable because there were no statistically significant differences in their preoperative general data or types of internal fixation between them except AO classification ( P>0.05). The length of medial force arm (power arm) averaged 51.12 mm (from 39.4 to 57.9 mm) and the length of lateral force arm (resistance arm) 23.37 mm (from 15.1 to 31.0 mm) in group A where 3 patients experienced internal fixation failure after operation; the length of medial force arm (power arm) averaged 63.71 mm (from 52.3 to 74.5 mm) and the length of lateral force arm (resistance arm) 9.94 mm (from 3.1 to 18.3 mm) in group B where 12 patients experienced internal fixation failure after operation. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in internal fixation failure ( P=0.036). Conclusions:In the DHS fixation of intertrochanteric fracture, the postoperative fixation failure is associated with the fulcrum position after reconstruction. DHS is only indicated for intertrochanteric fractures whose fracture line (post-reconstruction fulcrum) is near and inside the center of the medullary cavity, but not for those whose fracture line (post-reconstruction fulcrum) is outside the medullary cavity.

Background::Joint dislocations significantly impact public health. However, a comprehensive study on the incidence, distribution, and risk factors for joint dislocations in China is lacking. We conducted the China National Joint Dislocation Study, which is a part of the China National Fracture Study conducted to obtain the national incidence and risk factors for traumatic fractures, and to investigate the incidence and risk factors for joint dislocations.Methods::For this national retrospective epidemiological study, 512,187 participants were recruited using stratified random sampling and probability-proportional-to-size method from January 19 to May 16, 2015. Participants who sustained joint dislocations of the trunk, arms, or legs (skull, sternum, and ribs being excluded) in 2014 were personally interviewed to obtain data on age, educational background, ethnic origin, occupation, geographic region, and urbanization degree. The joint-dislocation incidence was calculated based on age, sex, body site, and demographic factors. The risk factors for different groups were examined using multiple logistic regression.Results::One hundred and nineteen participants sustained 121 joint dislocations in 2014. The population-weighted incidence rate of joint dislocations of the trunk, arms, or legs was 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.16, 0.27) per 1000 population in 2014 (men, 0.27 [0.20, 0.34]; women, 0.16 [0.10, 0.23]). For all ages, previous dislocation history (male: OR 42.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.03–148.90; female: OR 54.43, 95% CI: 17.37–170.50) and alcohol consumption (male: OR 3.50, 95% CI: 1.49–8.22; female: OR 2.65, 95% CI: 1.08–6.50) were risk factors for joint dislocation. Sleeping less than 7 h/day was a risk factor for men. Compared with children, women aged ≥15 years (female 15–64 years: OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04–0.61; female ≥65 years: OR 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.41) were less likely to sustain joint dislocations. Women with more than three children were at higher dislocation risk than women without children (OR 6.92, 95% CI: 1.18–40.78).Conclusions::The up-to-date data on joint dislocation incidence, distribution, and risk factors can be used as a reference for national healthcare, prevention, and management in China. Specific strategies for decreasing alcohol consumption and encouraging adequate sleeping hours should be developed to prevent or reduce dislocation incidents.Trial Registration::Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-EPR-15005878.

Objective:To investigate the effect of internal fixation of medial support and lateral wall on initial weight-bearing stability of femoral intertrochanteric fracture after reconstruction of intertrochanteric fracture.Methods:Based on the digital model of Sawbones femur, intertrochanteric fracture models with different medial support and lateral wall states were constructed. Combined with various intramedullary and extramedullary fixation methods, the mechanical models after fixation were simplified, and seven mechanical simplified models were obtained. The individual body weight load (70 kg) was simulated by applying concentrated force (700 N) to the end nodes of the femoral head. Through the analysis and calculation of each model in StrucMaster software, the axial force, shear force, bending moment, displacement deformation, and support reaction force of each bar in each mechanical model were obtained, and the results were output through the supporting SMConsole.Results:The median bending moment of model 1 was 11.55(5.57, 18.00) N·m, and the median bending moment was 2.89(2.81, 2.94) rad. The median bending moment of model 2 was 13.72(9.30, 20.05) N·m, and the median bending moment was 2.93(2.77, 3.05) rad. The median bending moment of model 3 was 19.65(10.23, 26.11) N·m, and the median bending moment was 2.93 (2.77, 3.05) rad. The median bending moment of model 4 was 25.95(25.14, 36.70) N·m, and the median bending moment was 4.38(3.16, 5.15) rad. The median bending moment of model 5 was 13.66(7.99, 25.62) N·m, and the median bending moment was 3.50(3.32, 3.56) rad. The median bending moment of model 6 was 24.60(9.33, 29.37) N·m, and the median bending moment was 3.90(3.69, 4.10) rad. The median bending moment of model 7 was 41.14(0.16, 41.30) N·m, and the median bending moment was 5.50(5.50, 7.05) rad. The mechanical properties of model 1 were better than those of the other six models.Conclusion:The simplified mechanical model and its mechanical calculation analysis based on the lever reconstruction balance theory can be used to preliminarily reveal the mechanical characteristics of femoral intertrochanteric fractures after internal fixation. The internal fixation methods of the medial support and lateral wall of femoral intertrochanteric fracture reconstruction can improve the initial stability of the weight bearing after internal fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fractures and have guiding significance for the functional rehabilitation of early postoperative weight bearing.

Objective:To explore the curative effects of Nice knot fixation on tuberosity healing in hemiarthroplasty for complex proximal humeral fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the eligible 32 complex proximal humeral fractures which had been treated at Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Peking University People's Hospital between May 1, 2016 and May 1, 2019. Nice knot fixation was used to repair greater and lesser tuberosities in hemiarthroplasty for all the patients. There were 6 males and 26 females, aged from 60 to 90 years (mean, 74.9 years). By the Neer classification, there were 4 three-part fractures combined with dislocation, 20 four-part fractures, and 8 four-part fractures combined with dislocation. Shoulder joint X-rays were taken at postoperative 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months at the outpatient clinic to evaluate the patients' shoulder joint mobility, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and Constant-Murley shoulder score. Tuberosity healing was assessed based on the X-rays and related complications were recorded.Results:The 32 patients received complete follow-up for 12 to 25 months (average, 17.82 months). At the 12-month follow-up, their shoulder flexion averaged 131.3° (from 80° to 155°), abduction 126.9° (from 80° to 155°), external rotation 48.4° (from 30° to 60°), internal rotation the L2 level, VAS pain score 0.9 (from 0 to 5), and Constant-Murley score 83.4 (from 58 to 96). The rate of patient satisfaction was 87.5%(28/32). Tuberosity-related complications were observed in 6 cases with an incidence of 18.8%. Complications like infection and prosthetic loosening were found in none of the patients.Conclusion:In hemiarthroplasty for complex proximal humeral fractures, application of Nice knot to fixate greater and lesser tuberosities can lead to rigid fixation, definite curative effects and a low incidence of tuberosity-related complications.