Objective To investigate the value of CT and mammography for diagnosing breast masses.Methods 61 cases with breast mass confirmed pathologically were studied comparatively. The diagnostic accuracy was compared between the two mentioned diagnostic methods.Results The qualitative accuracy of CT in diagnosis of breast cancer, galactocele, lipoma, fibroadenoma, gynecomastia, breast hyperplasia was 80%(8/10), 100%(2/2), 100%(1/1), 100%(27/27), 100%(7/7), 100%(14/14), respectively. The qualitative accuracy of mammography in diagnosis of the above lesions was 70%(7/10), 50%(1/2), 0%(0/1), 81%(22/27), 43%(3/7), 71%(10/14), respectively. In the cases of breast cancer, mammography could detect clustered microcalcification foci in 4 of the 10 cases(40%). But CT could detect none of them. Mammography was superior to CT in demonstrating cluster microcalcifications which are important basis for diagnosing breast cancer. The overall accuracy of CT and mammography for diagnosing breast masses were 97% and 71%.Conclusion CT has a higher accuracy than mammography in determining the nature of breast mass. The synthetic application of both the two methods may raise the diagnostic level for early stage breast cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of atorvastatin on postoperative complications after the burr hole drainage of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Methods The clinical data of 172 CSDH patients who had underwent the burr hole drainage were retrospectively analyzed. Among them 82 patients were given atorvastatin (atorvastatin group), and 90 patients were not given atorvastatin (control group). The postoperative complications were compared between 2 groups. Results All patients were followed up for 6 months. The total incidence of postoperative complications in control group was significantly higher than that in atorvastatin group:47.78%(43/90) vs. 31.71%(26/82), and the recurrent rate of subdural hematoma and incidence of subdural effusion in control group were significantly higher than those in atorvastatin group: 22.22% (20/90) vs. 8.54% (7/82) and 28.89% (26/90) vs. 12.20%(10/82). There were statistical differences (P<0.05). There were no statistical difference in the incidences of pneumocephalus, acute epidural/subdural hematoma and brain damage induced by drainage tube (P>0.05). Conclusions Atorvastatin can improve the prognosis of CSDH patients, especially in reducing the incidence of recurrent subdural hematoms and subdural effusion.

Objective To evaluate effect of humanized nursing on psychological state of patients with chronic urticaria receiving autohemotherapy. Methods 58 cases with chronic urticaria in our hos-pital were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 29 cases in each group, the control group was treated with conventional care, the observation group received conventional care combined with humanized nursing. The anxiety, depression and satisfaction degree were compared for these two groups and the data went through χ2 test and t test. Results The score of self- rating anxiety scale (SAS) and serf-rating depression scale (SDS) of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, the satisfaction rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the con-trol group. Conclusions Application of humanized nursing in patients with chronic urticaria receiving autohemotherapy can reduce their anxiety and depression and has pivotal significance on treatment of pa-tients with chronic urticaria.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum resistin,leptin and adiponectin with microangiopathy in the patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods One hundred and twenty patients with T2DM in our hospital were selected and divided into the non-microangiopathy group (NON-MAP,60 cases) and microangiopathy group (MAP,60 cases) according to whether complicating microangiopathy.Other 60 individuals undergoing healthy physical examination were selected as the normal control group(NC).Fasting serum resistin,adiponectin and leptin levels were detected in each group.Fasting blood glucose,insulin and blood lipid levels were also detected.The insulin resistance was evaluated by using insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR).Results The levels of serum resistin,leptin,free fat acid(FFA) and hs-CRP in the NON-MVP group and MVP group were signifi cantly higher than those in the NC group,while the adiponectin level was sigrnificantly lower than that in the NC group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The correlation analysis showed that serum resistin and leptin levels had positive correlation with hs-CRP,FFA,HOMA-IR and TG(P＜0.05),and had negative correlation with HDL-C(P＜0.05);the adiponectin level was negatively correlated with hs-CRP,FFA,HOMA-IR and TG,while positively correlated with HDL-C(P＜0.05);serum resistin and leptin levels had positive correlation,both had significantly negative correlation with adiponectin;with serum resistin,leptin and adiponectin as the dependent variables,the multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that HOMA-IR and waist to hip ratio had maximal influence on them.Conclusion Serum resistin and leptin levels increase and adiponectin level decrease in T2DM patients suggests that serum resistin,leptin and adiponectin are correlated with T2DM occurrence as well as microangiopathy occurrence.

Objective To determine the levels of plasma histamine and oxidative status in patients with dermatographism before and after the treatment with anti-histamine drugs. Methods Totally, 85 patients with dermatographism were randomly divided into two groups to receive oral desloratadine and cetirizine respectively for 4 weeks. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the plasma level of histamine, superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in all the patients before and after the treatment and in 15 normal human controls. The efficacy of desloratadine and cetirizine for dermatographism was estimated. Results The response rate was 83.72% and 78.57% in patients treated with desloratadine and those with cetirizine, respectively (x2 = 0.369, P> 0.05). The untreated patients with dermatographism showed an elevation in the plasma level of histamine (3.87 ± 1.21 ng/ml vs. 1.76 ± 0.56 ng/ml, P< 0.05) and MDA (3.86 ± 1.03 nmol/ml vs. 2.19 ± 0.82 nmol/ml, P< 0.05), but a decline in the activity of SOD (86.29 ± 19.9 U/ml vs. 112.12 ± 27.88 U/ml, P< 0.05) and GSH-PX (74.52 ± 47.67 vs.915.06 ± 115.96, P< 0.05) compared with the normal human controls. The treatment with antihistamine induced a reduction in the plasma level of histamine (1.61 ± 0.47 ng/ml vs. 3.87 ± 1.21 ng/ml, P< 0.05) and MDA (2.65 ± 0.77 nmol/ml vs. 3.86 ± 1.03 nmol/ml, P< 0.05), but an increment in the activity of GSH-PX (921.46 ± 157.37 vs.74.52 ± 47.67, P < 0.05) with no changes of SOD in patients with dermatographism. Conclusions In patients with dermatographism, plasma histamine is increased and there is an imbalance of oxidation-antioxidation.Desloratadine and cetirizine are effective for the treatment of dermatographism.

In order to explore the MRI volume of the amygdala and hippocampus in patients with major depression, quantitative MRI of the amygdala and hippocampus were studied in 22 patients with major depression and compared with 13 age-matched controls. The results showed that both groups exhibited similar significant hippocampal asymmetry (left smaller than right). The volume of the bilateral hippocampus was significantly smaller in the major depression group than that in control group. The patients had significant asymmetry of the amygdalar volumes (right smaller than left). No correlation was found between hippocampal volume abnormalities and ill duration. It was concluded that the hippocampus and amygdala within limbic-cortical networks may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of major depression.
Amygdala/*pathology ; Anthropometry ; Depressive Disorder, Major/*pathology ; Hippocampus/*pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective: : To observe whether cytokines rIL 2,TNF ?,I FN ? and anti CD3/anti glioma bispecific antibody(BsAb) can work coordinately, and to investigate how to further enhance cytotoxicity of T lymphocyte against human glioma cells by BsAb. Methods: There were 12 groups,contr ast method were used to analyze the effect of cytokines rIL 2,TNF ?,IFN ? to cytoxicity directed by BsAb by single and combined experiments. Cytotoxicity was assayed by standard 18 h 3H TdR incorporation release. Resul ts: rIL 2,TNF ?,IFN ? and BsAb could cooperatively enhance the cy totoxicity of effect cells( P

In many pathogens infection,especially virus,antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE) can aggravate the infection and lead to severe diseases.In this immunopathological phenomenon,virus-specific antibodies enhance the entry of virus into monocytes,macrophages and granulocytic cells and even the replication of virus through different mechanism.This phenomenon has been reported in numerous pathogens including virus,bacteria and parasite and the mechanisms of ADE vary from different species.Further study of ADE can promote the vaccine research and development to make the most use of vaccine and prevent human body from pathogens,which will be helpful to control the spread of pathogens including Zika virus.In the present review,we review the research progress of ADE mechanism in recent years,including antibodies mediating,receptors mediating,complement mediating,viral proteins mediating and cellular mediating ADE.In addition,dengue virus,human immunodeficiency virus,Coxsackie virus,Ebola virus,Zika virus and other pathogens will be illustrated respectively.This review provides insights on the different mechanism of ADE in different pathogens.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of gastrointestinal graft versus host disease(GVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Method 214 patients receiving allo-HSCT from 2003 to 2012 were enrolled in this study,and assessed on the degree of gastrointestinal GVHD.The effects of the primary diseases status,gender,age,conditioning regimen intensity,donor type,the number of cells positive for the CD34 expression,and the use of anti-lymphocyte immunoglobulin (ALG) in the pretreatment scheme on the occurrence of gastrointestinal GVHD was studied.The responses of different degrees of GVHD to immunotherapy were evaluated.Result Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the graft type and the conditioning regimen intensity were the risk factors of gastrointestinal GVHD (P＜0.05).Conclusion Donor type and conditioningregimen intensity may be the main risk factors of gastrointestinal GVHD.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of expressing multiple autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune encephalitis.Methods Cerebrospinal fluid and serum were tested in patients with undefined encephalitis admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from May 2013 to December 2014.Indirect immunofluorescence test was firstly used to identify the antibodies to neuronal cell-surface or synaptic receptors (including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR),contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2),α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR),leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein 1 (LGI1),and gamma-aminobutyric acid beta receptor (GABABR)).In those patients with positive antibodies,antibodies against intracellular neuronal antigens associated with paraneoplastic neurological symptoms were tested.Anti-aquaporin protein-4 (AQP4) antibody was tested depending on patients' clinical manifestations.Results Ten patients were detected combined with additional autoantibodies in 531 patients with positive antibodies related to autoimmune encephalitis.AntiHu antibody was positive in 5 patients with anti-GABABR encephalitis,in 1 of whom anti-NMDAR antibody was also identified;anti-AQP4 antibody was positive in 1 patient with relapsing anti-NMDAR encephalitis;anti-CASPR2 and anti-Yo antibodies were respectively positive in 2 patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis;anti-CV2 and anti-Hu antibodies were respectively positive in 2 patients with anti-AMPAR encephalitis.Clinical presentation of all cases was consistent with typical encephalitis or limbic encephalitis.Brain stem was involved in 3 patients.Peripheral sensory neuropathy was present in 1 patient,while myalgia and fasciculation were present in 1 patient.Seven patients responded well to the immunotherapy.Tumors were pathologically or radiologically confirmed in 7 cases,including lung cancer in 5 cases,suspected thymoma in 1 case and highly suspected mediastinal tumor without pathological identification in 1 case.Conclusions Due to the pathological mechanism,co-existence of multiple autoantibodies affects clinical manifestations of patients and results in variation and overlap of them.The additional positivity of onconeuronal antibodies directs the search for occult tumor.